[Concepts] Requires Expressions

[saar.raz]

Summary

Implement the requires expression. Depends on D44352.

[saar.raz]

• Deal with cases where substitution fails but no diagnostic is available

[saar.raz]

• Predefine __cpp_concepts when supported

[saar.raz]

• Rebase onto trunk
• Fixed ignoring of ScopeSpecifier in constrained parameter in compound requirements
• Fixed incorrect substitution and type deduction into constrained parameter return type requirement (depth was not being considered)
• Fix incorrect check for unevaluated context for requires expr local parameters.
• Added short-circuiting to the substitution-satisfaction check
• Disallow plain 'auto' in return type requirement
• Fixed bug where diagnosed but successful substitution would count as valid
• Add non-SFINAE CodeSynthesisContext to nested requirement constraints check
• Remove a shortcut 'if' in compound requirements which was non-conforming
• Split requires expr parameter and body scopes
• Add missing CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr
• Add RequiresBodyDecl to switch where it was missing
• Predefine __cpp_concepts when concepts are activated
• Deal with cases where substitution failed but no diagnostic is available

[saar.raz]

• Remove #ifs from test
• Updated test diagnostics

[riccibruno]

include/clang/AST/ExprCXX.h

4671 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

You can stash these in the bit-field classes of Stmt to save some space.

4674 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

Can you tail-allocate them ?

4703 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

If in general you don't strictly need to modify some internal state of an AST node, I think it would be better to not provide the corresponding method.

4715 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

LLVM_READONLY is pointless here.

4722 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

You should also provide the const-qualified version.

[saar.raz]

Remove outdated grammar support in return-type-requirements, removing some hacks and simplifying the code.

[rsmith]

include/clang/AST/DeclCXX.h

2051 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

The semicolon here is in the wrong place (should be before the final }, not after).

include/clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h

1185 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Please move this bugfix earlier in the patch series.

include/clang/AST/ExprCXX.h

4634 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Reorder this next to RequiresKWLoc. SourceLocations are 4 bytes, whereas for most platforms we care about, pointers are size-8 and align-8, so the reordering will save 8 bytes of padding.

4645 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Please avoid adding setters to Expr subclasses if possible. We want the AST to be immutable. (Befriend ASTReaderStmt instead.)

4674 ↗

(On Diff #195980)

Using a SmallVector here is a bug; the destructor is not run on Expr nodes so this will leak memory. Please do change to using tail allocation here.

include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

752 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

. Did -> ; did so this fits the general diagnostic pattern regardless of whether the diagnostic renderer capitalizes the diagnostic.

753 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Move ? to the end.

lib/AST/ExprCXX.cpp

32–35 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

These #includes are all unacceptable. AST is layered below Sema, and cannot depend on Sema headers and classes.

lib/AST/ExprConstant.cpp

9953–9955 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

It is a logic error for the expression evaluator to encounter a value-dependent expression, and we assert on the way into the evaluator if we would encounter one. You don't need to check this here.

lib/AST/StmtProfile.cpp

1325 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

We don't /need to/ profile isSimple, but we still could. (This "is equivalent to" doesn't override the general ODR requirement that you spell the expression with the same token sequence.)

Do we mangle simple and compound requirements the same way? (Has a mangling for requires-expressions even been proposed on the Itanium ABI list yet?)

lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp

3097 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Recovering by producing an (always-satisfied) RequiresExpr with no requirements would seem reasonable here.

3113 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

This is incorrect. A simple-requirement can begin with the typename keyword. (Eg, requires { typename T::type() + 1; })

The right way to handle this is to call TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken() when you see tok::kw_typename, and then detect a type-requirement as a tok::annot_typename followed by a tok::semi. (By following that approach, you can also handle cases where the typename is missing.) You'll need to deal specially with the case where the nested-name-specifier is omitted, since in that case the typename keyword does not form part of a typename-specifier; in that case, after TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken() you'll have a tok::kw_typename, tok::identifier, tok::semi sequence or a tok::kw_typename, tok::annot_template_id, tok::semi sequence to detect and special-case.

3125 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Do we need to skip the entirety of the requires-expression in this case? Skipping to the semicolon would seem sufficient, and would allow us to recover better.

3299 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

You need to distinguish between a simple-requirement and a nested-requirement here. requires { requires { 0; }; }; is valid and has a requires-expression as a simple-requirement. (We should issue a warning on such cases, since only the validity of the requires-expression is checked -- and it's always valid -- and its result is ignored. But we should at least parse it properly.)

This might need unbounded lookahead. Eg, consider requires { requires (A<T1, T2, T3> && B): if the next token is {, it's a requires-expression in a simple-requirement. Otherwise, it's a nested-requirement. In general, I think this is correct:

• If the token after requires is {, we have a requires-expression in a simple-requirement.
• If the token after requires is (, skip to the matching ); if the next token is {, we have a requires-expression in a simple-requirement.
• In all other cases, we have a nested-requirement.

You can optimize the second bullet by tentatively parsing a function parameter list (TryParseFunctionDeclarator) rather than just skipping to the ); that will often let us determine that we have a nested-requirement by inspecting fewer tokens. (And hopefully in the common case we can just see that the parenthesized tokens begin with a template-id naming a concept, so we can't possibly have a function parameter list.)

lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

1809 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

(Unused.)

lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp

1021–1052 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Do we really need to duplicate the TreeTransform code here, and add a representation for a requirement whose substitution failed, and so on?

Possible alternative: create a SFINAETrap for the entire requires-expression, perform a TreeTransform of the whole thing, and if it fails, capture the diagnostic and build a FailedRequiresExpr node that stores the diagnostic and evaluates to false. (Under this model, a non-value-dependent RequiresExpr would always evaluate to true.) That should simplify this code, and the representations of RequiresExpr and Requirements (since you don't need to model "substitution failed" any more, nor conditionally store a diagnostic on a requirement).

Are there cases where we want to retain more information than that? (I don't think there are, since you don't actually retain any useful information from the requirement that failed, other than the diagnostic itself, but maybe I've missed something.) The results of a successful substitution into some parts of a failed RequiresExpr don't really seem interesting.

1028 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Typo Satisfcation -> Satisfaction

lib/Serialization/ASTWriterStmt.cpp

14 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Don't use angled includes to find Clang headers. (Also, the use of this header here is deeply suspicious: this header describes an interface between Sema and the Parser that Serialization should generally not need to know about.)

[saar.raz]

Ignore RequiresExprBodyDecl when looking for function level decl context

[saar.raz]

Adjusted to changes in previous patches

[saar.raz]

Address some CR comments

[saar.raz]

lib/AST/StmtProfile.cpp

1325 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Not yet :(

[saar.raz]

Address final CR comments, add PCH tests

[saar.raz]

lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp

1021–1052 ↗

(On Diff #203713)

Wouldn't it be interesting to store the successful requirements prior to the failed ones? I imagine some tools might want this information

[saar.raz]

Refactor Requirement and subclasses to the AST, extract their creation logic to Sema.

[rsmith]

(Partial comments; I'll try to complete the review today or tomorrow.)

clang/include/clang/AST/ExprCXX.h

4933

You're adding a total of ~400 lines here; that seems sufficient to factor out into a separate header (ExprConcepts.h, containing this and ConceptSpecializationExpr maybe?)

4936

This name (clang::Requirement) is a little too general for my tastes; consider moving these to a sub-namespace.

clang/include/clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h

2714–2716

We should traverse the entire type-constraint here, including the nested name specifier and concept name.

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

766

requirements -> requirement

774

Missing ? somewhere in this diagnostic, I think.

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

2638

" and not" -> ", not"

would be a bit more consistent with how we phrase similar things elsewhere.

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

6285

& on the right, please (here and below).

clang/lib/AST/ExprCXX.cpp

1848–1855

This representation for a type-constraint seems a bit surprising. Do we really need the template parameter + template parameter list here? It seems to me like we should only really need the TypeConstraint itself, plus its immediately-declared constraint.

[saar.raz]

Address first round of CR comments

[saar.raz]

Addressed comments in latest diff.

clang/include/clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h

2714–2716

We are traversing all that down the line when traversing the actual template type parameter.

[rsmith]

clang/lib/AST/StmtPrinter.cpp

2296

I can see why this is the most straightforward way to implement this, but ... yuck. Please add a FIXME :)

clang/lib/AST/StmtProfile.cpp

1363

This means "equivalent to" in the plain English sense, not in the [temp.over.link] sense, and in any case is not normative. The normative rule is the one in [temp.over.link] based on the ODR / token sequence. It'd be fine to profile isSimple() if you want to. (But it's not necessary since a { expr }; requirement is functionally equivalent to a expr; requirement.)

[rsmith]

clang/include/clang/AST/ExprConcepts.h

144–148 ↗

(On Diff #238349)

Please add a FIXME to store the diagnostic semantically rather than as a pre-rendered string.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp

3288

Please call these ActOnStart... and ActOnFinish... for consistency with other such functions in Sema.

3291

This if body is long (even though it's just one statement); please add braces here.

3335

him -> them, and please add a period.

3390

Please add a FIXME to avoid walking these tokens twice (once in TryParseParameterDeclarationClause and again here).

3447–3456

Doing this by messing with the token stream and trying to perform annotation twice seems quite unclean, and you're doing too much of the semantic work of interpreting the typename requirement from inside the parser. Here's what I'd suggest:

First, call TryAnnotateCXXScopeToken(), which will annotate a scope and a following template-id (if any)

If we then have

• optionally, an annot_cxxscope, then
• an identifier or an annot_template_id, then
• a semi (or, not an l_brace nor an l_paren, depending on how you want to recover from errors)

then we have a typename-requirement. Call Sema::ActOnTypeRequirement and pass in the information you have (a scope and an identifier or template-id), and build a suitable type representation from Sema. (You might want to always build an ElaboratedType with ETK_Typename, even if the nested name specifier is non-dependent, to match the source syntax.)

And do this all in a tentative parse action, so you can revert it to put the typename keyword back when you find out that this is actually a simple-requirement.

3500

Is it useful to suggest a compound-requirement here? I expect this'll be hit a lot more for normal typos in the expression (eg, missing semicolon, forgotten operator, etc) than in cases where a compound-requirement was intended. ExpectAndConsumeSemi has various tricks to diagnose these cases well, and should be expected to gain more such tricks in the future; you should just call it here unless you're confident you know what the user did wrong (eg, in the noexcept case).

3517

he -> they

3525

This should be called ActOn... not Create....

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

390

Please don't use auto here; the type is not clear from context.

1009–1013

Please move this long comment to the previous line. Long trailing comments are a pain to work with and harder to read.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

357–358

Please make sure you have a test for this in the typeid case (which we parse as unevaluated and then might transform to potentially-evaluated if the operand is an lvalue of polymorphic class type), eg:

class X { virtual ~X(); };
requires (X &x) { static_cast<int(*)[(typeid(x), 0)]>(nullptr); }

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprCXX.cpp

8119–8122

I'm surprised this is necessary; do we not already check for redefinition when building the ParmVarDecl and pushing it into scope?

clang/lib/Sema/TreeTransform.h

11109–11111

Add braces here please.

[saar.raz]

Address CR comments.

[saar.raz]

Addressed comments in latest diff.

[rsmith]

clang/include/clang/Parse/Parser.h

784–788

Looks like the flag you're adding here is never actually used any more. Please remove it again.

clang/lib/AST/StmtPrinter.cpp

2296

I think you've actually fixed this now: we always build a typename type, so never need to print an extra typename here.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprCXX.cpp

8120–8121

This variable is now unused; please remove it.

8138

If we only do this now, do we properly handle requires (int x, decltype(x) y)? (Or is that handled in a separate function prototype scope which we've already left?)

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp

10259–10261 ↗

(On Diff #238411)

Minor cleanup: I don't think we can ever reasonably get here for enable_if<...>::type with no Ctx. I mean, it's possible, but only from lexically within the definition of enable_if itself (or possibly a class derived from it?), and that's really not worth checking for. We could just skip calling isEnableIf and this whole if block if we don't have a Ctx.

[thakis]

This breaks tests on non-Win, see e.g. http://45.33.8.238/linux/7846/step_7.txt http://45.33.8.238/mac/6120/step_7.txt

Please watch http://lab.llvm.org:8011/console for a bit after landing changes.

Please take a look, and if the fix isn't obvious please revert while you investigate.

[thakis]

Doesn't this still break check-clang everywhere? See e.g. http://45.33.8.238/linux/7860/step_7.txt

[thakis]

In D50360#1828329, @thakis wrote:

Doesn't this still break check-clang everywhere? See e.g. http://45.33.8.238/linux/7860/step_7.txt

It looks like this is some incremental build issue; after a clean build everything's happy. I'll see if I can repro which sequence of builds gets me in the bad state, but it's possibly unrelated to this CL. If that changes, I'll comment here again.

[thakis]

I figured out the incremental build test problem, see D73202.

clang/include/clang/AST/DeclCXX.h

bool isCopyDeductionCandidate() const {
     return FunctionDeclBits.IsCopyDeductionCandidate;
   }
 
   // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
   static bool classof(const Decl *D) { return classofKind(D->getKind()); }
   static bool classofKind(Kind K) { return K == CXXDeductionGuide; }
 };
 
+/// \brief Represents the body of a requires-expression.
+///
+/// This decl exists merely to serve as the DeclContext for the local
+/// parameters of the requires expression as well as other declarations inside
+/// it.
+///
+/// \code
+/// template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { {t++} -> regular; }
+/// \endcode
+///
+/// In this example, a RequiresExpr object will be generated for the expression,
+/// and a RequiresExprBodyDecl will be created to hold the parameter t and the
+/// template argument list imposed by the compound requirement.
+class RequiresExprBodyDecl : public Decl, public DeclContext {
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation StartLoc)
+      : Decl(RequiresExprBody, DC, StartLoc), DeclContext(RequiresExprBody) {}
+
+public:
+  friend class ASTDeclReader;
+  friend class ASTDeclWriter;
+
+  static RequiresExprBodyDecl *Create(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC,
+                                      SourceLocation StartLoc);
+
+  static RequiresExprBodyDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID);
+
+  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
+  static bool classof(const Decl *D) { return classofKind(D->getKind()); }
+  static bool classofKind(Kind K) { return K == RequiresExprBody; }
+};
+
 /// Represents a static or instance method of a struct/union/class.
 ///
 /// In the terminology of the C++ Standard, these are the (static and
 /// non-static) member functions, whether virtual or not.
 class CXXMethodDecl : public FunctionDecl {
   void anchor() override;
 
 protected:

clang/include/clang/AST/ExprCXX.h

 //===- ExprCXX.h - Classes for representing expressions ---------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 /// \file
 /// Defines the clang::Expr interface and subclasses for C++ expressions.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_AST_EXPRCXX_H
 #define LLVM_CLANG_AST_EXPRCXX_H
 
+#include "clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTConcept.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclBase.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclarationName.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
 #include "clang/AST/NestedNameSpecifier.h"
public:
   }
 
   // Iterators
   child_range children() {
     return child_range(child_iterator(), child_iterator());
   }
 };
 
+/// C++2a [expr.prim.req]:
+///     A requires-expression provides a concise way to express requirements on
+///     template arguments. A requirement is one that can be checked by name
+///     lookup (6.4) or by checking properties of types and expressions.
+///     [...]
+///     A requires-expression is a prvalue of type bool [...]
+class RequiresExpr final : public Expr,
+    llvm::TrailingObjects<RequiresExpr, ParmVarDecl *, Requirement *> {
+  friend TrailingObjects;
+  friend class ASTStmtReader;
+
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body;
+  unsigned NumLocalParameters;
+  unsigned NumRequirements;
+  SourceLocation RBraceLoc;
+
+  unsigned numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<ParmVarDecl *>) const {
+    return NumLocalParameters;
+  }
+
+  unsigned numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<Requirement *>) const {
+    return NumRequirements;
+  }
+
+  RequiresExpr(ASTContext &C, SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+               RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+               ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+               ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+               SourceLocation RBraceLoc);
+  RequiresExpr(ASTContext &C, EmptyShell Empty, unsigned NumLocalParameters,
+               unsigned NumRequirements);
+
+public:
+  static RequiresExpr *
+  Create(ASTContext &C, SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+         RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body, ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+         ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements, SourceLocation RBraceLoc);
+  static RequiresExpr *
+  Create(ASTContext &C, EmptyShell Empty, unsigned NumLocalParameters,
+         unsigned NumRequirements);
+
+  ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> getLocalParameters() const {
+    return {getTrailingObjects<ParmVarDecl *>(), NumLocalParameters};
+  }
+
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *getBody() const { return Body; }
+
+  ArrayRef<Requirement *> getRequirements() const {
+    return {getTrailingObjects<Requirement *>(), NumRequirements};
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Whether or not the requires clause is satisfied.
+  /// The expression must not be dependent.
+  bool isSatisfied() const {
+    assert(!isValueDependent()
+           && "isSatisfied called on a dependent RequiresExpr");
+    return RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied;
+  }
+
+  SourceLocation getRequiresKWLoc() const {
+    return RequiresExprBits.RequiresKWLoc;
+  }
+
+  SourceLocation getRBraceLoc() const { return RBraceLoc; }
+
+  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
+    return T->getStmtClass() == RequiresExprClass;
+  }
+
+  SourceLocation getBeginLoc() const LLVM_READONLY {
+    return RequiresExprBits.RequiresKWLoc;
+  }
+  SourceLocation getEndLoc() const LLVM_READONLY {
+    return RBraceLoc;
+  }
+
+  // Iterators
+  child_range children() {
+    return child_range(child_iterator(), child_iterator());
+  }
+  const_child_range children() const {
+    return const_child_range(const_child_iterator(), const_child_iterator());
+  }
+};
+
 } // namespace clang
 
 #endif // LLVM_CLANG_AST_EXPRCXX_H

clang/include/clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h

if (D->hasDefaultArg() && D->hasUninstantiatedDefaultArg() &&
       !D->hasUnparsedDefaultArg())
     TRY_TO(TraverseStmt(D->getUninstantiatedDefaultArg()));
 
   if (D->hasDefaultArg() && !D->hasUninstantiatedDefaultArg() &&
       !D->hasUnparsedDefaultArg())
     TRY_TO(TraverseStmt(D->getDefaultArg()));
 })
 
+DEF_TRAVERSE_DECL(RequiresExprBodyDecl, {})
+
 #undef DEF_TRAVERSE_DECL
 
 // ----------------- Stmt traversal -----------------
 //
 // For stmts, we automate (in the DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT macro) iterating
 // over the children defined in children() (every stmt defines these,
 // though sometimes the range is empty).  Each individual Traverse*
 // method only needs to worry about children other than those.  To see

 })
 
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(ConceptSpecializationExpr, {
   TRY_TO(TraverseTemplateArgumentLocsHelper(
           S->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->getTemplateArgs(),
           S->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->NumTemplateArgs));
 })
 
+DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(RequiresExpr, {
+  TRY_TO(TraverseDecl(S->getBody()));
+  for (ParmVarDecl *Parm : S->getLocalParameters())
+    TRY_TO(TraverseDecl(Parm));
+  for (Requirement *Req : S->getRequirements())
+    if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(Req)) {
+      if (!TypeReq->isSubstitutionFailure())
+        TRY_TO(TraverseTypeLoc(TypeReq->getType()->getTypeLoc()));
+    } else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req)) {
+      if (!ExprReq->isExprSubstitutionFailure())
+        TRY_TO(TraverseStmt(ExprReq->getExpr()));
+      auto &RetReq = ExprReq->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+      if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType())
+        TRY_TO(TraverseTypeLoc(RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()
+                                   ->getTypeLoc()));
+      else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint())
+        TRY_TO(TraverseTemplateParameterListHelper(
+                   RetReq.getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList()));
+    } else {
+      auto *NestedReq = cast<NestedRequirement>(Req);
+      if (!NestedReq->isSubstitutionFailure())
+        TRY_TO(TraverseStmt(NestedReq->getConstraintExpr()));
+    }
+})
+
 // These literals (all of them) do not need any action.
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(IntegerLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(FixedPointLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(CharacterLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(FloatingLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(ImaginaryLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(StringLiteral, {})
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(ObjCStringLiteral, {})
for (auto *C : S->clauses()) {
     TRY_TO(TraverseOMPClause(C));
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 template <typename Derived>
 bool
 RecursiveASTVisitor<Derived>::TraverseOMPLoopDirective(OMPLoopDirective *S) {
   return TraverseOMPExecutableDirective(S);
 }
 
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(OMPParallelDirective,
                   { TRY_TO(TraverseOMPExecutableDirective(S)); })
 
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(OMPSimdDirective,
                   { TRY_TO(TraverseOMPExecutableDirective(S)); })
 
 DEF_TRAVERSE_STMT(OMPForDirective,
                   { TRY_TO(TraverseOMPExecutableDirective(S)); })

clang/include/clang/AST/Stmt.h

class SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExprBitfields {
     friend class SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExpr;
 
     unsigned : NumExprBits;
 
     /// The location of the non-type template parameter reference.
     SourceLocation NameLoc;
   };
 
+  class RequiresExprBitfields {
+    friend class ASTStmtReader;
+    friend class ASTStmtWriter;
+    friend class RequiresExpr;
+
+    unsigned : NumExprBits;
+
+    unsigned IsSatisfied : 1;
+    SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc;
+  };
+
   //===--- C++ Coroutines TS bitfields classes ---===//
 
   class CoawaitExprBitfields {
     friend class CoawaitExpr;
 
     unsigned : NumExprBits;
 
     unsigned IsImplicit : 1;
union {
     ExprWithCleanupsBitfields ExprWithCleanupsBits;
     CXXUnresolvedConstructExprBitfields CXXUnresolvedConstructExprBits;
     CXXDependentScopeMemberExprBitfields CXXDependentScopeMemberExprBits;
     OverloadExprBitfields OverloadExprBits;
     UnresolvedLookupExprBitfields UnresolvedLookupExprBits;
     UnresolvedMemberExprBitfields UnresolvedMemberExprBits;
     CXXNoexceptExprBitfields CXXNoexceptExprBits;
     SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExprBitfields SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExprBits;
+    RequiresExprBitfields RequiresExprBits;
 
     // C++ Coroutines TS expressions
     CoawaitExprBitfields CoawaitBits;
 
     // Obj-C Expressions
     ObjCIndirectCopyRestoreExprBitfields ObjCIndirectCopyRestoreExprBits;
 
     // Clang Extensions

clang/include/clang/Basic/DeclNodes.td

 def StaticAssert : Decl;
 def Block : Decl<"blocks">, DeclContext;
 def Captured : Decl, DeclContext;
 def ClassScopeFunctionSpecialization : Decl;
 def Import : Decl;
 def OMPThreadPrivate : Decl;
 def OMPAllocate : Decl;
 def OMPRequires : Decl;
+def RequiresExprBody : Decl, DeclContext;
 def Empty : Decl;
 

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

def err_template_defn_explicit_instantiation : Error<
   "%select{function|class|variable}0 cannot be defined in an explicit instantiation; if this "
   "declaration is meant to be a %select{function|class|variable}0 definition, remove the 'template' keyword">;
 def err_friend_explicit_instantiation : Error<
   "friend cannot be declared in an explicit instantiation; if this "
   "declaration is meant to be a friend declaration, remove the 'template' keyword">;
 def err_explicit_instantiation_enum : Error<
   "enumerations cannot be explicitly instantiated">;
 def err_expected_template_parameter : Error<"expected template parameter">;
+def note_ill_formed_requires_expression_outside_template : Note<
+  "requires expression outside a template declaration may not contain invalid "
+  "types or expressions">;
+def err_empty_requires_expr : Error<
+  "a requires expression must contain at least one requirement">;
+def err_requires_expr_parameter_list_ellipsis : Error<
+  "varargs not allowed in requires expression">;
+def err_requires_expr_type_req_illegal_identifier : Error<
+  "expected identifier or template-id in type requirement">;
+def err_requires_expr_type_req_template_args_on_non_template : Error<
+  "template arguments provided for non-template '%0'">;
+def err_expected_semi_requirement : Error<
+  "expected ';' at end of requirement">;
+def err_requires_expr_missing_arrow : Error<
+  "expected '->' before expression type requirement">;
+def err_requires_expr_expected_type_constraint : Error<
+  "expected concept name with optional arguments">;
+def err_requires_expr_simple_requirement_noexcept : Error<
+  "'noexcept' can only be used in a compound requirements (with '{' '}' around "
+  "the expression)">;
+def err_requires_expr_simple_requirement_unexpected_tok : Error<
+  "unexpected %0 after expression; did you intend to use a compound "
+  "requirement (with '{' '}' around the expression)?">;
+def warn_requires_expr_in_simple_requirement : Warning<
+  "this requires expression will only be checked for syntactic validity; did "
+  "you intend to place it in a nested requirement (add another 'requires' "
+  "before the expression)">, InGroup<DiagGroup<"requires-expression">>;
 
 def err_missing_dependent_template_keyword : Error<
   "use 'template' keyword to treat '%0' as a dependent template name">;
 def warn_missing_dependent_template_keyword : ExtWarn<
   "use 'template' keyword to treat '%0' as a dependent template name">;
 
 def ext_extern_template : Extension<
   "extern templates are a C++11 extension">, InGroup<CXX11>;
 def warn_cxx98_compat_extern_template : Warning<
   "extern templates are incompatible with C++98">,
   InGroup<CXX98CompatPedantic>, DefaultIgnore;
 def warn_static_inline_explicit_inst_ignored : Warning<
   "ignoring '%select{static|inline}0' keyword on explicit template "
   "instantiation">, InGroup<DiagGroup<"static-inline-explicit-instantiation">>;
 

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

def err_auto_not_allowed : Error<
   "%select{in function prototype"
   "|in non-static struct member|in struct member"
   "|in non-static union member|in union member"
   "|in non-static class member|in interface member"
   "|in exception declaration|in template parameter until C++17|in block literal"
   "|in template argument|in typedef|in type alias|in function return type"
   "|in conversion function type|here|in lambda parameter"
   "|in type allocated by 'new'|in K&R-style function parameter"
-  "|in template parameter|in friend declaration}1">;
+  "|in template parameter|in friend declaration"
+  "|in requires expression parameter}1">;
+def err_auto_not_allowed_in_return_type_requirement : Error<
+  "%select{'auto'|'decltype(auto)'|'__auto_type'}0 not allowed in expression "
+  "type requirement">;
 def err_dependent_deduced_tst : Error<
   "typename specifier refers to "
   "%select{class template|function template|variable template|alias template|"
   "template template parameter|template}0 member in %1; "
   "argument deduction not allowed here">;
 def err_auto_not_allowed_var_inst : Error<
   "'auto' variable template instantiation is not allowed">;
 def err_auto_var_requires_init : Error<

 def err_template_arg_list_constraints_not_satisfied : Error<
   "constraints not satisfied for %select{class template|function template|variable template|alias template|"
   "template template parameter|template}0 %1%2">;
 def note_constraints_not_satisfied : Note<
   "constraints not satisfied">;
 def note_substituted_constraint_expr_is_ill_formed : Note<
   "because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed%0">;
 def note_atomic_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
-  "%select{and |because }0'%1' evaluated to false">;
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' evaluated to false">;
 def note_concept_specialization_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
-  "%select{and |because }0'%1' evaluated to false">;
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' evaluated to false">;
 def note_single_arg_concept_specialization_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
-  "%select{and |because }0%1 does not satisfy %2">;
+  "%select{and|because}0 %1 does not satisfy %2">;
 def note_atomic_constraint_evaluated_to_false_elaborated : Note<
-  "%select{and |because }0'%1' (%2 %3 %4) evaluated to false">;
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' (%2 %3 %4) evaluated to false">;
 def note_could_not_normalize_argument_substitution_failed : Note<
   "when substituting into %0 %1. Make sure concept arguments are "
   "valid for any substitution">;
 def err_constrained_virtual_method : Error<
   "virtual function cannot have a requires clause">;
 def err_reference_to_function_with_unsatisfied_constraints : Error<
   "invalid reference to function %0: constraints not satisfied">;
+def note_requires_expr_ill_formed_expr : Note<
+  "expression is invalid: %0">;
+def note_requires_expr_no_implicit_conversion : Note<
+  "no implicit conversion exists between expression type %0 and expected type "
+  "%1">;
+def err_requires_expr_local_parameter_default_argument : Error<
+  "default arguments not allowed for parameters of a requires expression">;
+def err_requires_expr_parameter_referenced_in_evaluated_context : Error<
+  "constraint variable %0 cannot be used in an evaluated context">;
+def note_expr_requirement_expr_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid: %2">;
+def note_expr_requirement_expr_unknown_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid">;
+def note_expr_requirement_noexcept_not_met : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' may throw an exception">;
+def note_expr_requirement_type_requirement_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid: %2">;
+def note_expr_requirement_type_requirement_unknown_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid">;
+def note_expr_requirement_ambiguous_conversion : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 conversion from expression type %1 to required type %2"
+  " is ambiguous">;
+def note_expr_requirement_no_implicit_conversion : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 expression type %1 not implicitly convertible to "
+  "required type %2">;
+def note_expr_requirement_constraints_not_satisfied : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 type constraint '%1' was not satisfied:">;
+def note_expr_requirement_constraints_not_satisfied_simple : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 expression type %1 does not satisfy %2:">;
+def note_type_requirement_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid: %2">;
+def note_type_requirement_unknown_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid">;
+def err_type_requirement_non_type_template : Error<
+  "'%0' refers to a %select{class template|function template|"
+  "variable template|alias template|template template parameter|template}1 "
+  "and not a type template">;
+def err_type_requirement_no_such_type : Error<
+  "'%0' does not name a type">;
+def note_nested_requirement_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid: %2">;
+def note_nested_requirement_unknown_substitution_error : Note<
+  "%select{and|because}0 '%1' would be invalid">;
 def note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints : Note<
   "'%0' in the two declarations is not considered equivalent - move it to a "
   "concept and reference it from here:">;
 def note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints_second : Note<"and here">;
 
 def err_template_different_requires_clause : Error<
   "requires clause differs in template redeclaration">;
 def err_template_different_type_constraint : Error<

 // The err_*_attribute_argument_not_int are separate because they're used by
 // VerifyIntegerConstantExpression.
 def err_aligned_attribute_argument_not_int : Error<
   "'aligned' attribute requires integer constant">;
 def err_align_value_attribute_argument_not_int : Error<
   "'align_value' attribute requires integer constant">;
 def err_alignas_attribute_wrong_decl_type : Error<
   "%0 attribute cannot be applied to a %select{function parameter|"
   "variable with 'register' storage class|'catch' variable|bit-field}1">;
 def err_alignas_missing_on_definition : Error<
   "%0 must be specified on definition if it is specified on any declaration">;
 def note_alignas_on_declaration : Note<"declared with %0 attribute here">;
 def err_alignas_mismatch : Error<
   "redeclaration has different alignment requirement (%1 vs %0)">;
 def err_alignas_underaligned : Error<
   "requested alignment is less than minimum alignment of %1 for type %0">;
 def err_attribute_argument_n_type : Error<

 def note_template_enum_def_here : Note<
   "in instantiation of enumeration %q0 requested here">;
 def note_template_nsdmi_here : Note<
   "in instantiation of default member initializer %q0 requested here">;
 def note_template_type_alias_instantiation_here : Note<
   "in instantiation of template type alias %0 requested here">;
 def note_template_exception_spec_instantiation_here : Note<
   "in instantiation of exception specification for %0 requested here">;
+def note_template_requirement_instantiation_here : Note<
+  "in instantiation of requirement here">;
 def warn_var_template_missing : Warning<"instantiation of variable %q0 "
   "required here, but no definition is available">,
   InGroup<UndefinedVarTemplate>;
 def warn_func_template_missing : Warning<"instantiation of function %q0 "
   "required here, but no definition is available">,
   InGroup<UndefinedFuncTemplate>, DefaultIgnore;
 def note_forward_template_decl : Note<
   "forward declaration of template entity is here">;
def note_deduced_template_arg_substitution_here : Note<
   "%select{partial specialization |}1%2 %3">;
 def note_prior_template_arg_substitution : Note<
   "while substituting prior template arguments into %select{non-type|template}0"
   " template parameter%1 %2">;
 def note_template_default_arg_checking : Note<
   "while checking a default template argument used here">;
 def note_concept_specialization_here : Note<
   "while checking the satisfaction of concept '%0' requested here">;
+def note_nested_requirement_here : Note<
+  "while checking the satisfaction of nested requirement requested here">;
 def note_checking_constraints_for_template_id_here : Note<
   "while checking constraint satisfaction for template '%0' required here">;
 def note_checking_constraints_for_var_spec_id_here : Note<
   "while checking constraint satisfaction for variable template "
   "partial specialization '%0' required here">;
 def note_checking_constraints_for_class_spec_id_here : Note<
   "while checking constraint satisfaction for class template partial "
   "specialization '%0' required here">;

clang/include/clang/Basic/StmtNodes.td

 // C++ Coroutines TS expressions
 def CoroutineSuspendExpr : DStmt<Expr, 1>;
 def CoawaitExpr : DStmt<CoroutineSuspendExpr>;
 def DependentCoawaitExpr : DStmt<Expr>;
 def CoyieldExpr : DStmt<CoroutineSuspendExpr>;
 
 // C++2a Concepts expressions
 def ConceptSpecializationExpr : DStmt<Expr>;
+def RequiresExpr : DStmt<Expr>;
 
 // Obj-C Expressions.
 def ObjCStringLiteral : DStmt<Expr>;
 def ObjCBoxedExpr : DStmt<Expr>;
 def ObjCArrayLiteral : DStmt<Expr>;
 def ObjCDictionaryLiteral : DStmt<Expr>;
 def ObjCEncodeExpr : DStmt<Expr>;
 def ObjCMessageExpr : DStmt<Expr>;

clang/include/clang/Parse/Parser.h

private:
   /// token.
   static void setExprAnnotation(Token &Tok, ExprResult ER) {
     Tok.setAnnotationValue(ER.getAsOpaquePointer());
   }
 
 public:
   // If NeedType is true, then TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken will try harder to
   // find a type name by attempting typo correction.
-  bool TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken();
-  bool TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(CXXScopeSpec &SS,
-                                                 bool IsNewScope);
+  bool TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken(bool ClassTemplateDeductionContext = true);
+  bool TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(
+      CXXScopeSpec &SS, bool IsNewScope,
+      bool ClassTemplateDeductionContext = true);
   bool TryAnnotateCXXScopeToken(bool EnteringContext = false);
 
 private:
   enum AnnotatedNameKind {
     /// Annotation has failed and emitted an error.
     ANK_Error,
     /// The identifier is a tentatively-declared name.
     ANK_TentativeDecl,
     /// The identifier is a template name. FIXME: Add an annotation for that.
private:
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ Coroutines
 
   ExprResult ParseCoyieldExpression();
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ Concepts
 
+  ExprResult ParseRequiresExpression();
   void ParseTrailingRequiresClause(Declarator &D);
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C99 6.7.8: Initialization.
 
   /// ParseInitializer
   ///       initializer: [C99 6.7.8]
   ///         assignment-expression
void InitCXXThisScopeForDeclaratorIfRelevant(const Declarator &D,
       const DeclSpec &DS, llvm::Optional<Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII> &ThisScope);
   bool ParseRefQualifier(bool &RefQualifierIsLValueRef,
                          SourceLocation &RefQualifierLoc);
   bool isFunctionDeclaratorIdentifierList();
   void ParseFunctionDeclaratorIdentifierList(
          Declarator &D,
          SmallVectorImpl<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo> &ParamInfo);
   void ParseParameterDeclarationClause(
-         Declarator &D,
+         DeclaratorContext DeclaratorContext,
          ParsedAttributes &attrs,
          SmallVectorImpl<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo> &ParamInfo,
          SourceLocation &EllipsisLoc);
   void ParseBracketDeclarator(Declarator &D);
   void ParseMisplacedBracketDeclarator(Declarator &D);
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ 7: Declarations [dcl.dcl]

clang/include/clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h

enum class DeclaratorContext {
     LambdaExprContext,   // Lambda-expression declarator.
     LambdaExprParameterContext, // Lambda-expression parameter declarator.
     ConversionIdContext, // C++ conversion-type-id.
     TrailingReturnContext, // C++11 trailing-type-specifier.
     TrailingReturnVarContext, // C++11 trailing-type-specifier for variable.
     TemplateArgContext,  // Any template argument (in template argument list).
     TemplateTypeArgContext, // Template type argument (in default argument).
     AliasDeclContext,    // C++11 alias-declaration.
-    AliasTemplateContext // C++11 alias-declaration template.
+    AliasTemplateContext, // C++11 alias-declaration template.
+    RequiresExprContext   // C++2a requires-expression.
 };
 
 
 /// Information about one declarator, including the parsed type
 /// information and the identifier.
 ///
 /// When the declarator is fully formed, this is turned into the appropriate
 /// Decl object.
bool mayOmitIdentifier() const {
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockLiteralContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConversionIdContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnVarContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       return true;
     }
     llvm_unreachable("unknown context kind!");
   }
 
   /// mayHaveIdentifier - Return true if the identifier is either optional or
   /// required.  This is true for normal declarators and prototypes, but not
   /// typenames.
   bool mayHaveIdentifier() const {
     switch (Context) {
     case DeclaratorContext::FileContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::KNRTypeListContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::MemberContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ForContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::InitStmtContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConditionContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateParamContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::CXXCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCCatchContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       return true;
 
     case DeclaratorContext::TypeNameContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::FunctionalCastContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::CXXNewContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::AliasDeclContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::AliasTemplateContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCParameterContext:
bool mayHaveDecompositionDeclarator() const {
     case DeclaratorContext::ForContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::InitStmtContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConditionContext:
       return true;
 
     case DeclaratorContext::MemberContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateParamContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       // Maybe one day...
       return false;
 
     // These contexts don't allow any kind of non-abstract declarator.
     case DeclaratorContext::KNRTypeListContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TypeNameContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::FunctionalCastContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::AliasDeclContext:
bool mayBeFollowedByCXXDirectInit() const {
     case DeclaratorContext::AliasDeclContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::AliasTemplateContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockLiteralContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConversionIdContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       return false;
     }
     llvm_unreachable("unknown context kind!");
   }
 
   /// isPastIdentifier - Return true if we have parsed beyond the point where
   /// the name would appear. (This may happen even if we haven't actually parsed
   /// a name, perhaps because this context doesn't require one.)
bool isFunctionDeclarationContext() const {
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockLiteralContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConversionIdContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnVarContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       return false;
     }
     llvm_unreachable("unknown context kind!");
   }
 
   /// Determine whether this declaration appears in a context where an
   /// expression could appear.
   bool isExpressionContext() const {
bool isExpressionContext() const {
     case DeclaratorContext::CXXCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockLiteralContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConversionIdContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnVarContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       return false;
 
     case DeclaratorContext::BlockContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ForContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::InitStmtContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ConditionContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateArgContext:
       return true;

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

public:
   /// \returns true if the constrains are not satisfied or could not be checked
   /// for satisfaction, false if the constraints are satisfied.
   bool EnsureTemplateArgumentListConstraints(TemplateDecl *Template,
                                        ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
                                              SourceRange TemplateIDRange);
 
   /// \brief Emit diagnostics explaining why a constraint expression was deemed
   /// unsatisfied.
+  /// \param First whether this is the first time an unsatisfied constraint is
+  /// diagnosed for this error.
   void
-  DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(const ConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction);
+  DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(const ConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction,
+                                bool First = true);
 
   /// \brief Emit diagnostics explaining why a constraint expression was deemed
   /// unsatisfied.
   void
-  DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(const ASTConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction);
+  DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(const ASTConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction,
+                                bool First = true);
 
   /// \brief Emit diagnostics explaining why a constraint expression was deemed
   /// unsatisfied because it was ill-formed.
   void DiagnoseUnsatisfiedIllFormedConstraint(SourceLocation DiagnosticLocation,
                                               StringRef Diagnostic);
 
   void DiagnoseRedeclarationConstraintMismatch(SourceLocation Old,
                                                SourceLocation New);
public:
   void ActOnFinishCXXMemberSpecification(Scope *S, SourceLocation RLoc,
                                          Decl *TagDecl, SourceLocation LBrac,
                                          SourceLocation RBrac,
                                          const ParsedAttributesView &AttrList);
   void ActOnFinishCXXMemberDecls();
   void ActOnFinishCXXNonNestedClass(Decl *D);
 
   void ActOnReenterCXXMethodParameter(Scope *S, ParmVarDecl *Param);
   unsigned ActOnReenterTemplateScope(Scope *S, Decl *Template);
   void ActOnStartDelayedMemberDeclarations(Scope *S, Decl *Record);
   void ActOnStartDelayedCXXMethodDeclaration(Scope *S, Decl *Method);
   void ActOnDelayedCXXMethodParameter(Scope *S, Decl *Param);
   void ActOnFinishDelayedMemberDeclarations(Scope *S, Decl *Record);
   void ActOnFinishDelayedCXXMethodDeclaration(Scope *S, Decl *Method);
   void ActOnFinishDelayedMemberInitializers(Decl *Record);
   void MarkAsLateParsedTemplate(FunctionDecl *FD, Decl *FnD,
                                 CachedTokens &Toks);

   getTemplateArgumentBindingsText(const TemplateParameterList *Params,
                                   const TemplateArgumentList &Args);
 
   std::string
   getTemplateArgumentBindingsText(const TemplateParameterList *Params,
                                   const TemplateArgument *Args,
                                   unsigned NumArgs);
 
-  // Concepts
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  // C++ Concepts
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   Decl *ActOnConceptDefinition(
       Scope *S, MultiTemplateParamsArg TemplateParameterLists,
       IdentifierInfo *Name, SourceLocation NameLoc, Expr *ConstraintExpr);
 
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *
+  ActOnEnterRequiresExpr(SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                         ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                         Scope *BodyScope);
+  void ActOnExitRequiresExpr();
+  Requirement *ActOnSimpleRequirement(Expr *E);
+  Requirement *ActOnTypeRequirement(SourceLocation TypenameKWLoc,
+                                    QualType Type);
+  Requirement *ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc);
+  Requirement *ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                        TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedType);
+  Requirement *ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                        TemplateIdAnnotation *TypeConstraint,
+                                        unsigned Depth);
+  Requirement *ActOnNestedRequirement(Expr *Constraint);
+  ExprResult CreateRequiresExpr(SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                                RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+                                ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                                ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+                                SourceLocation ClosingBraceLoc);
+
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ Variadic Templates (C++0x [temp.variadic])
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
   /// Determine whether an unexpanded parameter pack might be permitted in this
   /// location. Useful for error recovery.
   bool isUnexpandedParameterPackPermitted();
 
VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *getMoreSpecializedPartialSpecialization(
       VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *PS2, SourceLocation Loc);
 
   bool isMoreSpecializedThanPrimary(VarTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *T,
                                     sema::TemplateDeductionInfo &Info);
 
   bool isTemplateTemplateParameterAtLeastAsSpecializedAs(
       TemplateParameterList *PParam, TemplateDecl *AArg, SourceLocation Loc);
 
+
+  /// \brief Given a template parameter list containing a single type parameter,
+  /// the type of a parameter of a hypothetical function template with the
+  /// given template parameter list, and the argument passed to that function
+  /// template, attempts to deduce the type parameter.
+  QualType matchTypeByDeduction(TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
+                                QualType ParamType, Expr *Arg);
+
   void MarkUsedTemplateParameters(const TemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs,
                                   bool OnlyDeduced,
                                   unsigned Depth,
                                   llvm::SmallBitVector &Used);
   void MarkDeducedTemplateParameters(
                                   const FunctionTemplateDecl *FunctionTemplate,
                                   llvm::SmallBitVector &Deduced) {
     return MarkDeducedTemplateParameters(Context, FunctionTemplate, Deduced);
enum SynthesisKind {
       /// We are computing the exception specification for a defaulted special
       /// member function.
       ExceptionSpecEvaluation,
 
       /// We are instantiating the exception specification for a function
       /// template which was deferred until it was needed.
       ExceptionSpecInstantiation,
 
+      /// We are instantiating a requirement of a requires expression.
+      RequirementInstantiation,
+
+      /// We are checking the satisfaction of a nested requirement of a requires
+      /// expression.
+      NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck,
+
       /// We are declaring an implicit special member function.
       DeclaringSpecialMember,
 
       /// We are defining a synthesized function (such as a defaulted special
       /// member).
       DefiningSynthesizedFunction,
 
       // We are checking the constraints associated with a constrained entity or
struct InstantiatingTemplate {
     /// \brief Note that we are checking a constraint expression associated
     /// with a template declaration or as part of the satisfaction check of a
     /// concept.
     InstantiatingTemplate(Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
                           ConstraintSubstitution, NamedDecl *Template,
                           sema::TemplateDeductionInfo &DeductionInfo,
                           SourceRange InstantiationRange);
 
+    /// \brief Note that we are substituting template arguments into a part of
+    /// a requirement of a requires expression.
+    InstantiatingTemplate(Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
+                          Requirement *Req,
+                          sema::TemplateDeductionInfo &DeductionInfo,
+                          SourceRange InstantiationRange = SourceRange());
+
+    /// \brief Note that we are checking the satisfaction of the constraint
+    /// expression inside of a nested requirement.
+    InstantiatingTemplate(Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
+                          NestedRequirement *Req, ConstraintsCheck,
+                          SourceRange InstantiationRange = SourceRange());
+
     /// Note that we have finished instantiating this template.
     void Clear();
 
     ~InstantiatingTemplate() { Clear(); }
 
     /// Determines whether we have exceeded the maximum
     /// recursive template instantiations.
     bool isInvalid() const { return Invalid; }

clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h

+//===--- SemaConcept.h - Concept Utilities ----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+///
+/// \file
+/// \brief This file provides some common utilities for processing constraints
+/// and concepts.
+///
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_SEMACONCEPTS_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_SEMACONCEPTS_H
+#include "clang/AST/ASTConcept.h"
+#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
+#include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
+#include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/PointerUnion.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+namespace clang {
+class ConceptSpecializationExpr;
+class Sema;
+
+/// \brief A static requirement that can be used in a requires-expression to
+/// check properties of types and expression.
+class Requirement {
+public:
+  // Note - simple and compound requirements are both represented by the same
+  // class (ExprRequirement).
+  enum RequirementKind { RK_Type, RK_Simple, RK_Compound, RK_Nested };
+private:
+  const RequirementKind Kind;
+  bool Dependent : 1;
+  bool ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack : 1;
+  bool Satisfied : 1;
+public:
+  struct SubstitutionDiagnostic {
+    std::string SubstitutedEntity;
+    SourceLocation DiagLoc;
+    std::string DiagMessage;
+  };
+
+  Requirement(RequirementKind Kind, bool IsDependent,
+              bool ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack, bool IsSatisfied = true) :
+      Kind(Kind), Dependent(IsDependent),
+      ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack),
+      Satisfied(IsSatisfied) {}
+
+  RequirementKind getKind() const { return Kind; }
+
+  bool isSatisfied() const {
+    assert(!Dependent &&
+           "isSatisfied can only be called on non-dependent requirements.");
+    return Satisfied;
+  }
+
+  void setSatisfied(bool IsSatisfied) {
+    assert(!Dependent &&
+           "setSatisfied can only be called on non-dependent requirements.");
+    Satisfied = IsSatisfied;
+  }
+
+  void setDependent(bool IsDependent) { Dependent = IsDependent; }
+  bool isDependent() const { return Dependent; }
+
+  void setContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(bool Contains) {
+    ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack = Contains;
+  }
+  bool containsUnexpandedParameterPack() const {
+    return ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack;
+  }
+
+  virtual void Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const = 0;
+
+  virtual ~Requirement() = default;
+};
+
+/// \brief A requires-expression requirement which queries the existence of a
+/// type name or type template specialization ('type' requirements).
+class TypeRequirement : public Requirement {
+public:
+  enum SatisfactionStatus {
+      SS_Dependent,
+      SS_SubstitutionFailure,
+      SS_Satisfied
+  };
+private:
+  llvm::PointerUnion<SubstitutionDiagnostic *, TypeSourceInfo *> Value;
+  SatisfactionStatus Status;
+public:
+  friend class ASTStmtReader;
+  friend class ASTStmtWriter;
+
+  /// \brief Construct a type requirement from a type. If the given type is not
+  /// dependent, this indicates that the type exists and the requirement will be
+  /// satisfied. Otherwise, the SubstitutionDiagnostic constructor is to be
+  /// used.
+  TypeRequirement(TypeSourceInfo *T);
+
+  /// \brief Construct a type requirement when the nested name specifier is
+  /// invalid due to a bad substitution. The requirement is unsatisfied.
+  TypeRequirement(SubstitutionDiagnostic *Diagnostic) :
+      Requirement(RK_Type, false, false, false), Value(Diagnostic),
+      Status(SS_SubstitutionFailure) {}
+
+  SatisfactionStatus getSatisfactionStatus() const { return Status; }
+  void setSatisfactionStatus(SatisfactionStatus Status) {
+    this->Status = Status;
+  }
+
+  bool isSubstitutionFailure() const {
+    return Status == SS_SubstitutionFailure;
+  }
+  SubstitutionDiagnostic *getSubstitutionDiagnostic() const {
+    assert(Status == SS_SubstitutionFailure &&
+           "Attempted to get substitution diagnostic when there has been no "
+           "substitution failure.");
+    return Value.get<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+  }
+
+  TypeSourceInfo *getType() const {
+    assert(!isSubstitutionFailure() &&
+           "Attempted to get type when there has been a substitution failure.");
+    return Value.get<TypeSourceInfo *>();
+  }
+
+  void Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const override;
+
+  static bool classof(const Requirement *R) {
+    return R->getKind() == RK_Type;
+  }
+};
+
+/// \brief A requires-expression requirement which queries the validity and
+/// properties of an expression ('simple' and 'compound' requirements).
+class ExprRequirement : public Requirement {
+public:
+  enum SatisfactionStatus {
+      SS_Dependent,
+      SS_ExprSubstitutionFailure,
+      SS_NoexceptNotMet,
+      SS_TypeRequirementSubstitutionFailure,
+      SS_ImplicitConversionAmbiguous,
+      SS_NoImplicitConversionExists,
+      SS_ConstraintsNotSatisfied,
+      SS_Satisfied
+  };
+  class ReturnTypeRequirement {
+      using TypeConstraintRequirement = std::pair<TemplateParameterList *,
+                                                  ConceptSpecializationExpr *>;
+      bool Dependent : 1;
+      bool ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack : 1;
+      llvm::PointerUnion3<TypeConstraintRequirement *, TypeSourceInfo *,
+                          SubstitutionDiagnostic *> Value;
+  public:
+      friend class ASTStmtReader;
+      friend class ASTStmtWriter;
+
+      /// \brief No return type requirement was specified.
+      ReturnTypeRequirement() : Dependent(false),
+                                ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(false) {}
+
+      /// \brief A return type requirement was specified but it was a
+      /// substitution failure.
+      ReturnTypeRequirement(SubstitutionDiagnostic *SubstDiag) :
+          Dependent(false), ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(false),
+          Value(SubstDiag) {}
+
+      /// \brief A 'trailing return type' style return type requirement.
+      ReturnTypeRequirement(ASTContext &C, TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedType);
+
+      /// \brief A 'type constraint' style return type requirement.
+      /// \param TPL an invented template parameter list containing a single
+      /// type parameter with a type-constraint.
+      /// \param TypeConstraint the type constraint specified in the
+      /// requirement.
+      /// \param CSE a pre-instantiated constraint expression. Should only be
+      /// passed by ASTStmtReader.
+      ReturnTypeRequirement(ASTContext &C, TemplateParameterList *TPL,
+                            ConceptSpecializationExpr *CSE = nullptr);
+
+      bool isDependent() const { return Dependent; }
+
+      bool containsUnexpandedParameterPack() const {
+        return ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack;
+      }
+
+      bool isEmpty() const { return Value.isNull(); }
+
+      bool isSubstitutionFailure() const {
+        return Value && Value.is<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+      }
+
+      bool isTypeConstraint() const {
+        return Value && Value.is<TypeConstraintRequirement *>();
+      }
+
+      bool isTrailingReturnType() const {
+        return Value && Value.is<TypeSourceInfo *>();
+      }
+
+      SubstitutionDiagnostic *getSubstitutionDiagnostic() const {
+        assert(isSubstitutionFailure());
+        return Value.get<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+      }
+
+      TypeSourceInfo *getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType() const {
+        assert(isTrailingReturnType());
+        return Value.get<TypeSourceInfo *>();
+      }
+
+      const TypeConstraint *getTypeConstraint() const {
+        assert(isTypeConstraint());
+        auto &Req = *Value.get<TypeConstraintRequirement *>();
+        return cast<TemplateTypeParmDecl>(Req.first->getParam(0))
+            ->getTypeConstraint();
+      }
+
+      TemplateParameterList *getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList() const {
+        assert(isTypeConstraint());
+        return Value.get<TypeConstraintRequirement *>()->first;
+      }
+
+      ConceptSpecializationExpr *
+      getTypeConstraintSubstitutedConstraintExpr() const {
+        assert(isTypeConstraint());
+        return Value.get<TypeConstraintRequirement *>()->second;
+      }
+
+      SatisfactionStatus calculateSatisfaction(Sema &S, Expr *E);
+  };
+private:
+  llvm::PointerUnion<Expr *, SubstitutionDiagnostic *> Value;
+  SourceLocation NoexceptLoc; // May be empty if noexcept wasn't specified.
+  ReturnTypeRequirement TypeReq;
+  SatisfactionStatus Status;
+public:
+  friend class ASTStmtReader;
+  friend class ASTStmtWriter;
+
+  /// \brief Construct a compound requirement, employing semantic analysis to
+  /// determine its satisfaction status.
+  /// \param E the expression which is checked by this requirement.
+  /// \param IsSimple whether this was a simple requirement in source.
+  /// \param NoexceptLoc the location of the noexcept keyword, if it was
+  /// specified, otherwise an empty location.
+  /// \param Req the requirement for the type of the checked expression (omit
+  /// if no requirement was specified).
+  ExprRequirement(Sema &S, Expr *E, bool IsSimple, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                  ReturnTypeRequirement Req = {});
+
+  /// \brief Construct a compound requirement with a predetermined satisfaction
+  /// status.
+  /// \param E the expression which is checked by this requirement.
+  /// \param IsSimple whether this was a simple requirement in source.
+  /// \param NoexceptLoc the location of the noexcept keyword, if it was
+  /// specified, otherwise an empty location.
+  /// \param Req the requirement for the type of the checked expression.
+  ExprRequirement(Expr *E, bool IsSimple, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                  ReturnTypeRequirement Req, SatisfactionStatus Status);
+
+  /// \brief Construct a compound requirement whose expression was a
+  /// substitution failure. The requirement is not satisfied.
+  /// \param E the diagnostic emitted while instantiating the original
+  /// expression.
+  /// \param IsSimple whether this was a simple requirement in source.
+  /// \param NoexceptLoc the location of the noexcept keyword, if it was
+  /// specified, otherwise an empty location.
+  /// \param Req the requirement for the type of the checked expression (omit
+  /// if no requirement was specified).
+  ExprRequirement(SubstitutionDiagnostic *E, bool IsSimple,
+                  SourceLocation NoexceptLoc, ReturnTypeRequirement Req = {});
+
+  bool isSimple() const { return getKind() == RK_Simple; }
+  bool isCompound() const { return getKind() == RK_Compound; }
+
+  bool hasNoexceptRequirement() const { return NoexceptLoc.isValid(); }
+  SourceLocation getNoexceptLoc() const { return NoexceptLoc; }
+
+  SatisfactionStatus getSatisfactionStatus() const { return Status; }
+
+  bool isExprSubstitutionFailure() const {
+    return Status == SS_ExprSubstitutionFailure;
+  }
+
+  const ReturnTypeRequirement &getReturnTypeRequirement() const {
+    return TypeReq;
+  }
+
+  SubstitutionDiagnostic *getExprSubstitutionDiagnostic() const {
+    assert(isExprSubstitutionFailure() &&
+           "Attempted to get expression substitution diagnostic when there has "
+           "been no expression substitution failure");
+    return Value.get<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+  }
+
+  Expr *getExpr() const {
+    assert(!isExprSubstitutionFailure() &&
+           "ExprRequirement has no expression because there has been a "
+           "substitution failure.");
+    return Value.get<Expr *>();
+  }
+
+  void Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const override;
+
+  static bool classof(const Requirement *R) {
+    return R->getKind() == RK_Compound || R->getKind() == RK_Simple;
+  }
+};
+
+/// \brief A requires-expression requirement which is satisfied when a general
+/// constraint expression is satisfied ('nested' requirements).
+class NestedRequirement : public Requirement {
+  llvm::PointerUnion<Expr *, SubstitutionDiagnostic *> Value;
+  const ASTConstraintSatisfaction *Satisfaction = nullptr;
+
+public:
+  friend class ASTStmtReader;
+  friend class ASTStmtWriter;
+
+  NestedRequirement(SubstitutionDiagnostic *SubstDiag) :
+      Requirement(RK_Nested, /*Dependent=*/false,
+                  /*ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack*/false,
+                  /*Satisfied=*/false), Value(SubstDiag) {}
+
+  NestedRequirement(Expr *Constraint) :
+      Requirement(RK_Nested, /*Dependent=*/true,
+                  Constraint->containsUnexpandedParameterPack()),
+      Value(Constraint) {
+    assert(Constraint->isInstantiationDependent() &&
+           "Nested requirement with Non-dependent constraint must be "
+           "constructed with a Sema& or a ConstraintSatisfaction object");
+  }
+  NestedRequirement(Sema &S, Expr *Constraint);
+  NestedRequirement(ASTContext &C, Expr *Constraint,
+                    const ConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction) :
+      Requirement(RK_Nested, false, false, Satisfaction.IsSatisfied),
+      Value(Constraint),
+      Satisfaction(ASTConstraintSatisfaction::Create(C, Satisfaction)) {}
+
+  bool isSubstitutionFailure() const {
+    return Value.is<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+  }
+  SubstitutionDiagnostic *getSubstitutionDiagnostic() const {
+    assert(isSubstitutionFailure() &&
+           "getSubstitutionDiagnostic() may not be called when there was no "
+           "substitution failure.");
+    return Value.get<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>();
+  }
+
+  Expr *getConstraintExpr() const {
+    assert(!isSubstitutionFailure() && "getConstraintExpr() may not be called "
+                                       "on nested requirements with "
+                                       "substitution failures.");
+    return Value.get<Expr *>();
+  }
+
+  void Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const override;
+
+  static bool classof(const Requirement *R) {
+    return R->getKind() == RK_Nested;
+  }
+};
+
+} // clang
+
+#endif
 No newline at end of file

clang/include/clang/Serialization/ASTBitCodes.h

enum DeclCode {
       DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM,
 
       /// A TypeAliasTemplateDecl record.
       DECL_TYPE_ALIAS_TEMPLATE,
 
       /// \brief A ConceptDecl record.
       DECL_CONCEPT,
 
+      /// \brief A RequiresExprBodyDecl record.
+      DECL_REQUIRES_EXPR_BODY,
+
       /// \brief A StaticAssertDecl record.
       DECL_STATIC_ASSERT,
 
       /// A record containing CXXBaseSpecifiers.
       DECL_CXX_BASE_SPECIFIERS,
 
       /// A record containing CXXCtorInitializers.
       DECL_CXX_CTOR_INITIALIZERS,
enum StmtCode {
       EXPR_PACK_EXPANSION,        // PackExpansionExpr
       EXPR_SIZEOF_PACK,           // SizeOfPackExpr
       EXPR_SUBST_NON_TYPE_TEMPLATE_PARM, // SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExpr
       EXPR_SUBST_NON_TYPE_TEMPLATE_PARM_PACK,// SubstNonTypeTemplateParmPackExpr
       EXPR_FUNCTION_PARM_PACK,    // FunctionParmPackExpr
       EXPR_MATERIALIZE_TEMPORARY, // MaterializeTemporaryExpr
       EXPR_CXX_FOLD,              // CXXFoldExpr
       EXPR_CONCEPT_SPECIALIZATION,// ConceptSpecializationExpr
+      EXPR_REQUIRES,              // RequiresExpr
 
       // CUDA
       EXPR_CUDA_KERNEL_CALL,       // CUDAKernelCallExpr
 
       // OpenCL
       EXPR_ASTYPE,                 // AsTypeExpr
 
       // Microsoft

clang/lib/AST/DeclBase.cpp

switch (DeclKind) {
     case ObjCCategory:
     case ObjCCategoryImpl:
     case Import:
     case OMPThreadPrivate:
     case OMPAllocate:
     case OMPRequires:
     case OMPCapturedExpr:
     case Empty:
+    case RequiresExprBody:
       // Never looked up by name.
       return 0;
   }
 
   llvm_unreachable("Invalid DeclKind!");
 }
 
 void Decl::setAttrsImpl(const AttrVec &attrs, ASTContext &Ctx) {
DeclContext *DeclContext::getPrimaryContext() {
   case Decl::TranslationUnit:
   case Decl::ExternCContext:
   case Decl::LinkageSpec:
   case Decl::Export:
   case Decl::Block:
   case Decl::Captured:
   case Decl::OMPDeclareReduction:
   case Decl::OMPDeclareMapper:
+  case Decl::RequiresExprBody:
     // There is only one DeclContext for these entities.
     return this;
 
   case Decl::Namespace:
     // The original namespace is our primary context.
     return static_cast<NamespaceDecl *>(this)->getOriginalNamespace();
 
   case Decl::ObjCMethod:

clang/lib/AST/DeclCXX.cpp

 
 CXXDeductionGuideDecl *CXXDeductionGuideDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C,
                                                                  unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID) CXXDeductionGuideDecl(
       C, nullptr, SourceLocation(), ExplicitSpecifier(), DeclarationNameInfo(),
       QualType(), nullptr, SourceLocation());
 }
 
+RequiresExprBodyDecl *RequiresExprBodyDecl::Create(
+    ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation StartLoc) {
+  return new (C, DC) RequiresExprBodyDecl(C, DC, StartLoc);
+}
+
+RequiresExprBodyDecl *RequiresExprBodyDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C,
+                                                               unsigned ID) {
+  return new (C, ID) RequiresExprBodyDecl(C, nullptr, SourceLocation());
+}
+
 void CXXMethodDecl::anchor() {}
 
 bool CXXMethodDecl::isStatic() const {
   const CXXMethodDecl *MD = getCanonicalDecl();
 
   if (MD->getStorageClass() == SC_Static)
     return true;
 

clang/lib/AST/Expr.cpp

bool Expr::HasSideEffects(const ASTContext &Ctx,
   case ObjCStringLiteralClass:
   case ObjCEncodeExprClass:
   case ObjCBoolLiteralExprClass:
   case ObjCAvailabilityCheckExprClass:
   case CXXUuidofExprClass:
   case OpaqueValueExprClass:
   case SourceLocExprClass:
   case ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+  case RequiresExprClass:
     // These never have a side-effect.
     return false;
 
   case ConstantExprClass:
     // FIXME: Move this into the "return false;" block above.
     return cast<ConstantExpr>(this)->getSubExpr()->HasSideEffects(
         Ctx, IncludePossibleEffects);
 

clang/lib/AST/ExprCXX.cpp

 
 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclAccessPair.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclBase.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
+#include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclarationName.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
 #include "clang/AST/LambdaCapture.h"
 #include "clang/AST/NestedNameSpecifier.h"
 #include "clang/AST/TemplateBase.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
 #include "clang/AST/TypeLoc.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/OperatorKinds.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/Specifiers.h"
-#include "clang/Sema/Template.h"
-#include "clang/Sema/SemaDiagnostic.h"
-#include "clang/Sema/Sema.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
 

 }
 
 ConceptSpecializationExpr *
 ConceptSpecializationExpr::Create(ASTContext &C, EmptyShell Empty,
                                   unsigned NumTemplateArgs) {
   void *Buffer = C.Allocate(totalSizeToAlloc<TemplateArgument>(
                                 NumTemplateArgs));
   return new (Buffer) ConceptSpecializationExpr(Empty, NumTemplateArgs);
+}
+
+RequiresExpr::RequiresExpr(ASTContext &C, SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                           RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+                           ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                           ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+                           SourceLocation RBraceLoc)
+  : Expr(RequiresExprClass, C.BoolTy, VK_RValue, OK_Ordinary,
+         /*TD=*/false, /*VD=*/false, /*ID=*/false,
+         /*ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack=*/false),
+    NumLocalParameters(LocalParameters.size()),
+    NumRequirements(Requirements.size()), Body(Body), RBraceLoc(RBraceLoc) {
+  RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied = false;
+  RequiresExprBits.RequiresKWLoc = RequiresKWLoc;
+  bool Dependent = false;
+  bool ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack = false;
+  for (ParmVarDecl *P : LocalParameters) {
+    Dependent |= P->getType()->isInstantiationDependentType();
+    ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack |=
+        P->getType()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack();
+  }
+  RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied = true;
+  for (Requirement *R : Requirements) {
+    Dependent |= R->isDependent();
+    ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack |= R->containsUnexpandedParameterPack();
+    if (!Dependent) {
+      RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied = R->isSatisfied();
+      if (!RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied)
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  std::copy(LocalParameters.begin(), LocalParameters.end(),
+            getTrailingObjects<ParmVarDecl *>());
+  std::copy(Requirements.begin(), Requirements.end(),
+            getTrailingObjects<Requirement *>());
+  RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied |= Dependent;
+  setValueDependent(Dependent);
+  setInstantiationDependent(Dependent);
+  setContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack);
+}
+
+RequiresExpr::RequiresExpr(ASTContext &C, EmptyShell Empty,
+                           unsigned NumLocalParameters,
+                           unsigned NumRequirements)
+  : Expr(RequiresExprClass, Empty), NumLocalParameters(NumLocalParameters),
+    NumRequirements(NumRequirements) { }
+
+RequiresExpr *
+RequiresExpr::Create(ASTContext &C, SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                     RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+                     ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                     ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+                     SourceLocation RBraceLoc) {
+  void *Mem =
+      C.Allocate(totalSizeToAlloc<ParmVarDecl *, Requirement *>(
+                     LocalParameters.size(), Requirements.size()),
+                 alignof(RequiresExpr));
+  return new (Mem) RequiresExpr(C, RequiresKWLoc, Body, LocalParameters,
+                                Requirements, RBraceLoc);
+}
+
+RequiresExpr *
+RequiresExpr::Create(ASTContext &C, EmptyShell Empty,
+                     unsigned NumLocalParameters, unsigned NumRequirements) {
+  void *Mem =
+      C.Allocate(totalSizeToAlloc<ParmVarDecl *, Requirement *>(
+                     NumLocalParameters, NumRequirements),
+                 alignof(RequiresExpr));
+  return new (Mem) RequiresExpr(C, Empty, NumLocalParameters, NumRequirements);
 }
 No newline at end of file

clang/lib/AST/ExprClassification.cpp

#include "clang/AST/StmtNodes.inc"
   case Expr::AtomicExprClass:
   case Expr::CXXFoldExprClass:
   case Expr::ArrayInitLoopExprClass:
   case Expr::ArrayInitIndexExprClass:
   case Expr::NoInitExprClass:
   case Expr::DesignatedInitUpdateExprClass:
   case Expr::SourceLocExprClass:
   case Expr::ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+  case Expr::RequiresExprClass:
     return Cl::CL_PRValue;
 
   case Expr::ConstantExprClass:
     return ClassifyInternal(Ctx, cast<ConstantExpr>(E)->getSubExpr());
 
     // Next come the complicated cases.
   case Expr::SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExprClass:
     return ClassifyInternal(Ctx,

clang/lib/AST/ExprConstant.cpp

public:
 
   bool VisitUnaryReal(const UnaryOperator *E);
   bool VisitUnaryImag(const UnaryOperator *E);
 
   bool VisitCXXNoexceptExpr(const CXXNoexceptExpr *E);
   bool VisitSizeOfPackExpr(const SizeOfPackExpr *E);
   bool VisitSourceLocExpr(const SourceLocExpr *E);
   bool VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(const ConceptSpecializationExpr *E);
+  bool VisitRequiresExpr(const RequiresExpr *E);
   // FIXME: Missing: array subscript of vector, member of vector
 };
 
 class FixedPointExprEvaluator
     : public ExprEvaluatorBase<FixedPointExprEvaluator> {
   APValue &Result;
 
  public:
bool IntExprEvaluator::VisitCXXNoexceptExpr(const CXXNoexceptExpr *E) {
   return Success(E->getValue(), E);
 }
 
 bool IntExprEvaluator::VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(
        const ConceptSpecializationExpr *E) {
   return Success(E->isSatisfied(), E);
 }
 
+bool IntExprEvaluator::VisitRequiresExpr(const RequiresExpr *E) {
+  return Success(E->isSatisfied(), E);
+}
 
 bool FixedPointExprEvaluator::VisitUnaryOperator(const UnaryOperator *E) {
   switch (E->getOpcode()) {
     default:
       // Invalid unary operators
       return Error(E);
     case UO_Plus:
       // The result is just the value.
#include "clang/AST/StmtNodes.inc"
   case Expr::IntegerLiteralClass:
   case Expr::FixedPointLiteralClass:
   case Expr::CharacterLiteralClass:
   case Expr::ObjCBoolLiteralExprClass:
   case Expr::CXXBoolLiteralExprClass:
   case Expr::CXXScalarValueInitExprClass:
   case Expr::TypeTraitExprClass:
   case Expr::ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+  case Expr::RequiresExprClass:
   case Expr::ArrayTypeTraitExprClass:
   case Expr::ExpressionTraitExprClass:
   case Expr::CXXNoexceptExprClass:
     return NoDiag();
   case Expr::CallExprClass:
   case Expr::CXXOperatorCallExprClass: {
     // C99 6.6/3 allows function calls within unevaluated subexpressions of
     // constant expressions, but they can never be ICEs because an ICE cannot

clang/lib/AST/ItaniumMangle.cpp

#include "clang/AST/StmtNodes.inc"
   case Expr::ObjCIndirectCopyRestoreExprClass:
   case Expr::ObjCAvailabilityCheckExprClass:
   case Expr::OffsetOfExprClass:
   case Expr::PredefinedExprClass:
   case Expr::ShuffleVectorExprClass:
   case Expr::ConvertVectorExprClass:
   case Expr::StmtExprClass:
   case Expr::TypeTraitExprClass:
+  case Expr::RequiresExprClass:
   case Expr::ArrayTypeTraitExprClass:
   case Expr::ExpressionTraitExprClass:
   case Expr::VAArgExprClass:
   case Expr::CUDAKernelCallExprClass:
   case Expr::AsTypeExprClass:
   case Expr::PseudoObjectExprClass:
   case Expr::AtomicExprClass:
   case Expr::SourceLocExprClass:

clang/lib/AST/StmtPrinter.cpp

if (NNS)
     NNS.getNestedNameSpecifier()->print(OS, Policy);
   if (E->getTemplateKWLoc().isValid())
     OS << "template ";
   OS << E->getFoundDecl()->getName();
   printTemplateArgumentList(OS, E->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->arguments(),
                             Policy);
 }
 
+void StmtPrinter::VisitRequiresExpr(RequiresExpr *E) {
+  OS << "requires ";
+  auto LocalParameters = E->getLocalParameters();
+  if (!LocalParameters.empty()) {
+    OS << "(";
+    for (ParmVarDecl *LocalParam : LocalParameters) {
+      PrintRawDecl(LocalParam);
+      if (LocalParam != LocalParameters.back())
+        OS << ", ";
+    }
+
+    OS << ") ";
+  }
+  OS << "{ ";
+  auto Requirements = E->getRequirements();
+  for (Requirement *Req : Requirements) {
+    if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(Req)) {
+      std::string Buf;
+      llvm::raw_string_ostream S(Buf);
+      if (TypeReq->isSubstitutionFailure())
+        S << "<<error-type>>";
+      else
+        TypeReq->getType()->getType().print(S, Policy);
+      S.flush();
+      if (Buf.find("typename ") != 0)
+        OS << "typename ";
+      OS << Buf;
+    } else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req)) {
+      if (ExprReq->isCompound())
+        OS << "{ ";
+      if (ExprReq->isExprSubstitutionFailure())
+        OS << "<<error-expression>>";
+      else
+        PrintExpr(ExprReq->getExpr());
+      if (ExprReq->isCompound()) {
+        OS << " }";
+        if (ExprReq->getNoexceptLoc().isValid())
+          OS << " noexcept";
+        const auto &RetReq = ExprReq->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+        if (!RetReq.isEmpty()) {
+          OS << " -> ";
+          if (RetReq.isSubstitutionFailure())
+            OS << "<<error-type>>";
+          else if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType())
+            RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()->getType().print(OS,
+                                                                        Policy);
+          else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint())
+            RetReq.getTypeConstraint()->print(OS, Policy);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto *NestedReq = cast<NestedRequirement>(Req);
+      OS << "requires ";
+      if (NestedReq->isSubstitutionFailure())
+        OS << "<<error-expression>>";
+      else
+        PrintExpr(NestedReq->getConstraintExpr());
+    }
+    OS << "; ";
+  }
+  OS << "}";
+}
+
 // C++ Coroutines TS
 
 void StmtPrinter::VisitCoroutineBodyStmt(CoroutineBodyStmt *S) {
   Visit(S->getBody());
 }
 
 void StmtPrinter::VisitCoreturnStmt(CoreturnStmt *S) {
   OS << "co_return";
   if (S->getOperand()) {

clang/lib/AST/StmtProfile.cpp

 void StmtProfiler::VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(
                                            const ConceptSpecializationExpr *S) {
   VisitExpr(S);
   VisitDecl(S->getNamedConcept());
   VisitTemplateArguments(S->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->getTemplateArgs(),
                          S->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->NumTemplateArgs);
 }
 
+void StmtProfiler::VisitRequiresExpr(const RequiresExpr *S) {
+  VisitExpr(S);
+  ID.AddInteger(S->getLocalParameters().size());
+  for (ParmVarDecl *LocalParam : S->getLocalParameters())
+    VisitDecl(LocalParam);
+  ID.AddInteger(S->getRequirements().size());
+  for (Requirement *Req : S->getRequirements()) {
+    if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(Req)) {
+      ID.AddInteger(Requirement::RK_Type);
+      ID.AddBoolean(TypeReq->isSubstitutionFailure());
+      if (!TypeReq->isSubstitutionFailure())
+        VisitType(TypeReq->getType()->getType());
+    } else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req)) {
+      ID.AddInteger(Requirement::RK_Compound);
+      ID.AddBoolean(ExprReq->isExprSubstitutionFailure());
+      if (!ExprReq->isExprSubstitutionFailure())
+        Visit(ExprReq->getExpr());
+      // C++2a [expr.prim.req.compound]p1 Example:
+      //    [...] The compound-requirement in C1 requires that x++ is a valid
+      //    expression. It is equivalent to the simple-requirement x++; [...]
+      // We therefore do not profile isSimple() here.
+      ID.AddBoolean(ExprReq->getNoexceptLoc().isValid());
+      const ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement &RetReq =
+          ExprReq->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+      if (RetReq.isEmpty()) {
+        ID.AddInteger(0);
+      } else if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType()) {
+        ID.AddInteger(1);
+        VisitType(RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()->getType());
+      } else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint()) {
+        ID.AddInteger(2);
+        Visit(RetReq.getTypeConstraint()->getImmediatelyDeclaredConstraint());
+      } else {
+        assert(RetReq.isSubstitutionFailure());
+        ID.AddInteger(3);
+      }
+    } else {
+      ID.AddInteger(Requirement::RK_Nested);
+      auto *NestedReq = cast<NestedRequirement>(Req);
+      ID.AddBoolean(NestedReq->isSubstitutionFailure());
+      if (!NestedReq->isSubstitutionFailure())  
+        Visit(NestedReq->getConstraintExpr());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 static Stmt::StmtClass DecodeOperatorCall(const CXXOperatorCallExpr *S,
                                           UnaryOperatorKind &UnaryOp,
                                           BinaryOperatorKind &BinaryOp) {
   switch (S->getOperator()) {
   case OO_None:
   case OO_New:
   case OO_Delete:
   case OO_Array_New:
   case OO_Array_Delete:
   case OO_Arrow:
   case OO_Call:
   case OO_Conditional:
   case NUM_OVERLOADED_OPERATORS:
     llvm_unreachable("Invalid operator call kind");
 
   case OO_Plus:
     if (S->getNumArgs() == 1) {
       UnaryOp = UO_Plus;

clang/lib/CodeGen/CGDecl.cpp

void CodeGenFunction::EmitDecl(const Decl &D) {
   case Decl::Label:        // __label__ x;
   case Decl::Import:
   case Decl::OMPThreadPrivate:
   case Decl::OMPAllocate:
   case Decl::OMPCapturedExpr:
   case Decl::OMPRequires:
   case Decl::Empty:
   case Decl::Concept:
+  case Decl::RequiresExprBody:
     // None of these decls require codegen support.
     return;
 
   case Decl::NamespaceAlias:
     if (CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo())
         DI->EmitNamespaceAlias(cast<NamespaceAliasDecl>(D));
     return;
   case Decl::Using:          // using X; [C++]

clang/lib/CodeGen/CGExprScalar.cpp

public:
   Value *VisitTypeTraitExpr(const TypeTraitExpr *E) {
     return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ConvertType(E->getType()), E->getValue());
   }
 
   Value *VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(const ConceptSpecializationExpr *E) {
     return Builder.getInt1(E->isSatisfied());
   }
 
+  Value *VisitRequiresExpr(const RequiresExpr *E) {
+    return Builder.getInt1(E->isSatisfied());
+  }
+
   Value *VisitArrayTypeTraitExpr(const ArrayTypeTraitExpr *E) {
     return llvm::ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt32Ty(), E->getValue());
   }
 
   Value *VisitExpressionTraitExpr(const ExpressionTraitExpr *E) {
     return llvm::ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt1Ty(), E->getValue());
   }
 

clang/lib/Frontend/FrontendActions.cpp

static std::string toString(CodeSynthesisContext::SynthesisKind Kind) {
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefiningSynthesizedFunction:
       return "DefiningSynthesizedFunction";
     case CodeSynthesisContext::Memoization:
       return "Memoization";
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ConstraintsCheck:
       return "ConstraintsCheck";
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ConstraintSubstitution:
       return "ConstraintSubstitution";
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::RequirementInstantiation:
+      return "RequirementInstantiation";
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck:
+      return "NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck";
     }
     return "";
   }
 
   template <bool BeginInstantiation>
   static void displayTemplightEntry(llvm::raw_ostream &Out, const Sema &TheSema,
                                     const CodeSynthesisContext &Inst) {
     std::string YAML;

clang/lib/Frontend/InitPreprocessor.cpp

if (!LangOpts.CPlusPlus) {
     else if (LangOpts.CPlusPlus11)
       Builder.defineMacro("__cplusplus", "201103L");
     // C++03 [cpp.predefined]p1:
     //   The name __cplusplus is defined to the value 199711L when compiling a
     //   C++ translation unit.
     else
       Builder.defineMacro("__cplusplus", "199711L");
 
+    if (LangOpts.ConceptsTS)
+      Builder.defineMacro("__cpp_concepts", "201707L");
+
     // C++1z [cpp.predefined]p1:
     //   An integer literal of type std::size_t whose value is the alignment
     //   guaranteed by a call to operator new(std::size_t)
     //
     // We provide this in all language modes, since it seems generally useful.
     Builder.defineMacro("__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__",
                         Twine(TI.getNewAlign() / TI.getCharWidth()) +
                             TI.getTypeConstantSuffix(TI.getSizeType()));

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

if (isFunctionDeclaratorIdentifierList()) {
     EndLoc = RParenLoc;
 
     // If there are attributes following the identifier list, parse them and
     // prohibit them.
     MaybeParseCXX11Attributes(FnAttrs);
     ProhibitAttributes(FnAttrs);
   } else {
     if (Tok.isNot(tok::r_paren))
-      ParseParameterDeclarationClause(D, FirstArgAttrs, ParamInfo,
+      ParseParameterDeclarationClause(D.getContext(), FirstArgAttrs, ParamInfo,
                                       EllipsisLoc);
     else if (RequiresArg)
       Diag(Tok, diag::err_argument_required_after_attribute);
 
     HasProto = ParamInfo.size() || getLangOpts().CPlusPlus
                                 || getLangOpts().OpenCL;
 
     // If we have the closing ')', eat it.
do {
     // The list continues if we see a comma.
   } while (TryConsumeToken(tok::comma));
 }
 
 /// ParseParameterDeclarationClause - Parse a (possibly empty) parameter-list
 /// after the opening parenthesis. This function will not parse a K&R-style
 /// identifier list.
 ///
-/// D is the declarator being parsed.  If FirstArgAttrs is non-null, then the
-/// caller parsed those arguments immediately after the open paren - they should
-/// be considered to be part of the first parameter.
+/// DeclContext is the context of the declarator being parsed.  If FirstArgAttrs
+/// is non-null, then the caller parsed those attributes immediately after the
+/// open paren - they should be considered to be part of the first parameter.
 ///
 /// After returning, ParamInfo will hold the parsed parameters. EllipsisLoc will
 /// be the location of the ellipsis, if any was parsed.
 ///
 ///       parameter-type-list: [C99 6.7.5]
 ///         parameter-list
 ///         parameter-list ',' '...'
 /// [C++]   parameter-list '...'

 /// [GNU]   declaration-specifiers declarator attributes
 ///         declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator[opt]
 /// [C++]   declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator[opt]
 ///           '=' assignment-expression
 /// [GNU]   declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator[opt] attributes
 /// [C++11] attribute-specifier-seq parameter-declaration
 ///
 void Parser::ParseParameterDeclarationClause(
-       Declarator &D,
+       DeclaratorContext DeclaratorContext,
        ParsedAttributes &FirstArgAttrs,
        SmallVectorImpl<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo> &ParamInfo,
        SourceLocation &EllipsisLoc) {
   do {
     // FIXME: Issue a diagnostic if we parsed an attribute-specifier-seq
     // before deciding this was a parameter-declaration-clause.
     if (TryConsumeToken(tok::ellipsis, EllipsisLoc))
       break;
do {
 
     ParseDeclarationSpecifiers(DS);
 
 
     // Parse the declarator.  This is "PrototypeContext" or
     // "LambdaExprParameterContext", because we must accept either
     // 'declarator' or 'abstract-declarator' here.
     Declarator ParmDeclarator(
-        DS, D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext
+        DS, DeclaratorContext == DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext
+                ? DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext
+                : DeclaratorContext == DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext
                       ? DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext
                       : DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext);
     ParseDeclarator(ParmDeclarator);
 
     // Parse GNU attributes, if present.
     MaybeParseGNUAttributes(ParmDeclarator);
 
     if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires)) {
       // User tried to define a requires clause in a parameter declaration,
       // which is surely not a function declaration.
if (DS.isEmpty() && ParmDeclarator.getIdentifier() == nullptr &&
       // Parse the default argument, if any. We parse the default
       // arguments in all dialects; the semantic analysis in
       // ActOnParamDefaultArgument will reject the default argument in
       // C.
       if (Tok.is(tok::equal)) {
         SourceLocation EqualLoc = Tok.getLocation();
 
         // Parse the default argument
-        if (D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::MemberContext) {
+        if (DeclaratorContext == DeclaratorContext::MemberContext) {
           // If we're inside a class definition, cache the tokens
           // corresponding to the default argument. We'll actually parse
           // them when we see the end of the class definition.
           DefArgToks.reset(new CachedTokens);
 
           SourceLocation ArgStartLoc = NextToken().getLocation();
           if (!ConsumeAndStoreInitializer(*DefArgToks, CIK_DefaultArgument)) {
             DefArgToks.reset();

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

 /// [C++]   id-expression
 ///         constant
 ///         string-literal
 /// [C++]   boolean-literal  [C++ 2.13.5]
 /// [C++11] 'nullptr'        [C++11 2.14.7]
 /// [C++11] user-defined-literal
 ///         '(' expression ')'
 /// [C11]   generic-selection
+/// [C++2a] requires-expression
 ///         '__func__'        [C99 6.4.2.2]
 /// [GNU]   '__FUNCTION__'
 /// [MS]    '__FUNCDNAME__'
 /// [MS]    'L__FUNCTION__'
 /// [MS]    '__FUNCSIG__'
 /// [MS]    'L__FUNCSIG__'
 /// [GNU]   '__PRETTY_FUNCTION__'
 /// [GNU]   '(' compound-statement ')'
if (EnsureNotPrimary())
       return ExprError();
     return ParseCXXNewExpression(false, Tok.getLocation());
 
   case tok::kw_delete: // [C++] delete-expression
     if (EnsureNotPrimary())
       return ExprError();
     return ParseCXXDeleteExpression(false, Tok.getLocation());
 
+  case tok::kw_requires: // [C++2a] requires-expression
+    return ParseRequiresExpression();
+
   case tok::kw_noexcept: { // [C++0x] 'noexcept' '(' expression ')'
     if (EnsureNotPrimary())
       return ExprError();
     Diag(Tok, diag::warn_cxx98_compat_noexcept_expr);
     SourceLocation KeyLoc = ConsumeToken();
     BalancedDelimiterTracker T(*this, tok::l_paren);
 
     if (T.expectAndConsume(diag::err_expected_lparen_after, "noexcept"))

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp

 //===--- ParseExprCXX.cpp - C++ Expression Parsing ------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // This file implements the Expression parsing implementation for C++.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 #include "clang/Parse/Parser.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/PrettyStackTrace.h"
 #include "clang/Lex/LiteralSupport.h"
 #include "clang/Parse/ParseDiagnostic.h"
 #include "clang/Parse/RAIIObjectsForParser.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/ParsedTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Scope.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
     // Parse parameter-declaration-clause.
     SmallVector<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo, 16> ParamInfo;
     SourceLocation EllipsisLoc;
 
     if (Tok.isNot(tok::r_paren)) {
       Actions.RecordParsingTemplateParameterDepth(
           CurTemplateDepthTracker.getOriginalDepth());
 
-      ParseParameterDeclarationClause(D, Attr, ParamInfo, EllipsisLoc);
-
-      // For a generic lambda, each 'auto' within the parameter declaration
+      ParseParameterDeclarationClause(D.getContext(), Attr, ParamInfo,
+                                      EllipsisLoc);
+      // For a generic lambda, each 'auto' within the parameter declaration 
       // clause creates a template type parameter, so increment the depth.
       // If we've parsed any explicit template parameters, then the depth will
       // have already been incremented. So we make sure that at most a single
       // depth level is added.
       if (Actions.getCurGenericLambda())
         CurTemplateDepthTracker.setAddedDepth(1);
     }
 
Parser::ParseCXXDeleteExpression(bool UseGlobal, SourceLocation Start) {
 
   ExprResult Operand(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr));
   if (Operand.isInvalid())
     return Operand;
 
   return Actions.ActOnCXXDelete(Start, UseGlobal, ArrayDelete, Operand.get());
 }
 
+/// ParseRequiresExpression - Parse a C++2a requires-expression.
+/// C++2a [expr.prim.req]p1
+///     A requires-expression provides a concise way to express requirements on
+///     template arguments. A requirement is one that can be checked by name
+///     lookup (6.4) or by checking properties of types and expressions.
+///
+///     requires-expression:
+///         'requires' requirement-parameter-list[opt] requirement-body
+///
+///     requirement-parameter-list:
+///         '(' parameter-declaration-clause[opt] ')'
+///
+///     requirement-body:
+///         '{' requirement-seq '}'
+///
+///     requirement-seq:
+///         requirement
+///         requirement-seq requirement
+///
+///     requirement:
+///         simple-requirement
+///         type-requirement
+///         compound-requirement
+///         nested-requirement
+ExprResult Parser::ParseRequiresExpression() {
+  assert(Tok.is(tok::kw_requires) && "Expected 'requires' keyword");
+  SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc = ConsumeToken(); // Consume 'requires'
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<ParmVarDecl *, 2> LocalParameterDecls;
+  if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
+    // requirement parameter list is present.
+    ParseScope LocalParametersScope(this, Scope::FunctionPrototypeScope |
+                                    Scope::DeclScope);
+    BalancedDelimiterTracker Parens(*this, tok::l_paren);
+    Parens.consumeOpen();
+    if (!Tok.is(tok::r_paren)) {
+      ParsedAttributes FirstArgAttrs(getAttrFactory());
+      SourceLocation EllipsisLoc;
+      llvm::SmallVector<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo, 2> LocalParameters;
+      DiagnosticErrorTrap Trap(Diags);
+      ParseParameterDeclarationClause(DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext,
+                                      FirstArgAttrs, LocalParameters,
+                                      EllipsisLoc);
+      if (EllipsisLoc.isValid())
+        Diag(EllipsisLoc, diag::err_requires_expr_parameter_list_ellipsis);
+      for (auto &ParamInfo : LocalParameters)
+        LocalParameterDecls.push_back(cast<ParmVarDecl>(ParamInfo.Param));
+      if (Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+        SkipUntil(tok::r_paren, StopBeforeMatch);
+    }
+    Parens.consumeClose();
+  }
+
+  BalancedDelimiterTracker Braces(*this, tok::l_brace);
+  if (Braces.expectAndConsume())
+    return ExprError();
+
+  // Start of requirement list
+  llvm::SmallVector<Requirement *, 2> Requirements;
+
+  // C++2a [expr.prim.req]p2
+  //   Expressions appearing within a requirement-body are unevaluated operands.
+  EnterExpressionEvaluationContext Ctx(
+      Actions, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::Unevaluated);
+
+  ParseScope BodyScope(this, Scope::DeclScope);
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body = Actions.ActOnEnterRequiresExpr(
+      RequiresKWLoc, LocalParameterDecls, getCurScope());
+
+  if (Tok.is(tok::r_brace))
+    // Grammar does not allow an empty body.
+    // requirement-body:
+    //   { requirement-seq }
+    // requirement-seq:
+    //   requirement
+    //   requirement-seq requirement
+    Diag(Tok, diag::err_empty_requires_expr);
+    // Continue anyway and produce a requires expr with no requirements.
+  else {
+    while (!Tok.is(tok::r_brace)) {
+      switch (Tok.getKind()) {
+      case tok::l_brace: {
+        // Compound requirement
+        // C++ [expr.prim.req.compound]
+        //     compound-requirement:
+        //         '{' expression '}' 'noexcept'[opt]
+        //             return-type-requirement[opt] ';'
+        //     return-type-requirement:
+        //         trailing-return-type
+        //         '->' cv-qualifier-seq[opt] constrained-parameter
+        //             cv-qualifier-seq[opt] abstract-declarator[opt]
+        BalancedDelimiterTracker ExprBraces(*this, tok::l_brace);
+        ExprBraces.consumeOpen();
+        ExprResult Expression =
+            Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseExpression());
+        if (!Expression.isUsable()) {
+          ExprBraces.skipToEnd();
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (ExprBraces.consumeClose())
+          ExprBraces.skipToEnd();
+
+        Requirement *Req = nullptr;
+        SourceLocation NoexceptLoc;
+        TryConsumeToken(tok::kw_noexcept, NoexceptLoc);
+        if (Tok.is(tok::semi)) {
+          Req = Actions.ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expression.get(), NoexceptLoc);
+          if (Req)
+            Requirements.push_back(Req);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (!TryConsumeToken(tok::arrow))
+          // User probably forgot the arrow, remind him and try to continue
+          Diag(Tok, diag::err_requires_expr_missing_arrow)
+              << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(Tok.getLocation(), "->");
+        // Try to parse a 'type-constraint'
+        CXXScopeSpec SS;
+        if (ParseOptionalCXXScopeSpecifier(SS, ParsedType(),
+                                           /*EnteringContext=*/false,
+                                           /*MayBePseudoDestructor=*/nullptr,
+                                           // If this is not a type-constraint,
+                                           // then this scope-spec is part of
+                                           // the typename of a non-type
+                                           // template parameter
+                                           /*IsTypename=*/true,
+                                           /*LastII=*/nullptr,
+                                           // We won't find concepts in
+                                           // non-namespaces anyway, so might as
+                                           // well parse this correctly for
+                                           // possible type names.
+                                           /*OnlyNamespace=*/false,
+                                           /*SuppressDiagnostic=*/true)) {
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (!TryAnnotateTypeConstraint(SS)) {
+          Diag(Tok, diag::err_requires_expr_expected_type_constraint);
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        Req = Actions.ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expression.get(), NoexceptLoc,
+                                               takeTemplateIdAnnotation(Tok),
+                                               TemplateParameterDepth);
+        ConsumeAnnotationToken();
+        if (Req)
+          Requirements.push_back(Req);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        bool PossibleRequiresExprInSimpleRequirement = false;
+        if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires)) {
+          auto IsNestedRequirement = [&] {
+            RevertingTentativeParsingAction TPA(*this);
+            ConsumeToken(); // 'requires'
+            if (Tok.is(tok::l_brace))
+              // This is a requires expression
+              // requires (T t) {
+              //   requires { t++; };
+              //   ...      ^
+              // }
+              return false;
+            if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
+              // This might be the parameter list of a requires expression
+              ConsumeParen();
+              auto Res = TryParseParameterDeclarationClause();
+              if (Res != TPResult::False) {
+                // Skip to the closing parenthesis
+                unsigned Depth = 1;
+                while (Depth != 0) {
+                  if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren))
+                    Depth++;
+                  else if (Tok.is(tok::r_paren))
+                    Depth--;
+                  ConsumeAnyToken();
+                }
+                // requires (T t) {
+                //   requires () ?
+                //   ...         ^
+                //   - OR -
+                //   requires (int x) ?
+                //   ...              ^
+                // }
+                if (Tok.is(tok::l_brace))
+                  // requires (...) {
+                  //                ^ - a requires expression as a
+                  //                    simple-requirement.
+                  return false;
+              }
+            }
+            return true;
+          };
+          if (IsNestedRequirement()) {
+            ConsumeToken();
+            // Nested requirement
+            // C++ [expr.prim.req.nested]
+            //     nested-requirement:
+            //         'requires' constraint-expression ';'
+            ExprResult ConstraintExpr =
+                Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseConstraintExpression());
+            if (ConstraintExpr.isInvalid() || !ConstraintExpr.isUsable()) {
+              SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace,
+                        SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+              break;
+            }
+            if (auto *Req =
+                    Actions.ActOnNestedRequirement(ConstraintExpr.get()))
+              Requirements.push_back(Req);
+            else {
+              SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace,
+                        SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+              break;
+            }
+            break;
+          } else
+            PossibleRequiresExprInSimpleRequirement = true;
+        } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_typename)) {
+          Token TypenameKW = Tok;
+          // We need to consume the typename to allow 'requires { typename a; }'
+          ConsumeToken();
+          if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken()) {
+            SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+            break;
+          }
+          if (Tok.is(tok::annot_cxxscope)) {
+            // The lack of typename might have prevented this from being
+            // annotated as a type earlier.
+            UnconsumeToken(TypenameKW);
+            if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken()) {
+              SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace,
+                        SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (!Tok.is(tok::annot_typename) ||
+              !NextToken().isOneOf(tok::l_brace, tok::l_paren)) {
+            TypeResult Type = ParseTypeName();
+            if (Type.isInvalid()) {
+              SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace,
+                        SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+              break;
+            }
+
+            if (auto *Req =
+                    Actions.ActOnTypeRequirement(TypenameKW.getLocation(),
+                                                 Type.get().get()))
+              Requirements.push_back(Req);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        // Simple requirement
+        // C++ [expr.prim.req.simple]
+        //     simple-requirement:
+        //         expression ';'
+        SourceLocation StartLoc = Tok.getLocation();
+        ExprResult Expression =
+            Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseExpression());
+        if (!Expression.isUsable()) {
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (!Expression.isInvalid() && PossibleRequiresExprInSimpleRequirement)
+          Diag(StartLoc, diag::warn_requires_expr_in_simple_requirement)
+              << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(StartLoc, "requires");
+        if (auto *Req = Actions.ActOnSimpleRequirement(Expression.get()))
+          Requirements.push_back(Req);
+        else {
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (!Tok.is(tok::semi) && !Tok.is(tok::r_brace)) {
+          // User may have tried to put some compound requirement stuff here
+          if (Tok.is(tok::kw_noexcept))
+            Diag(Tok, diag::err_requires_expr_simple_requirement_noexcept)
+                << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(StartLoc, "{")
+                << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(Tok.getLocation(), "}");
+          else
+            Diag(Tok, diag::err_requires_expr_simple_requirement_unexpected_tok)
+                << Tok.getKind() << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(StartLoc, "{")
+                << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(Tok.getLocation(), "}");
+          SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+          break;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      }
+      if (ExpectAndConsumeSemi(diag::err_expected_semi_requirement)) {
+        SkipUntil(tok::semi, tok::r_brace, SkipUntilFlags::StopBeforeMatch);
+        TryConsumeToken(tok::semi);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (Requirements.empty()) {
+      // Don't emit an empty requires expr here to avoid confusing the user with
+      // other diagnostics quoting an empty requires expression he never wrote.
+      Braces.consumeClose();
+      Actions.ActOnExitRequiresExpr();
+      return ExprError();
+    }
+  }
+  Braces.consumeClose();
+  Actions.ActOnExitRequiresExpr();
+  return Actions.CreateRequiresExpr(RequiresKWLoc, Body, LocalParameterDecls,
+                                    Requirements, Braces.getCloseLocation());
+}
+
 static TypeTrait TypeTraitFromTokKind(tok::TokenKind kind) {
   switch (kind) {
   default: llvm_unreachable("Not a known type trait");
 #define TYPE_TRAIT_1(Spelling, Name, Key) \
 case tok::kw_ ## Spelling: return UTT_ ## Name;
 #define TYPE_TRAIT_2(Spelling, Name, Key) \
 case tok::kw_ ## Spelling: return BTT_ ## Name;
 #include "clang/Basic/TokenKinds.def"

clang/lib/Parse/Parser.cpp

 /// will not be called twice, once to check whether we have a declaration
 /// specifier, and another one to get the actual type inside
 /// ParseDeclarationSpecifiers).
 ///
 /// This returns true if an error occurred.
 ///
 /// Note that this routine emits an error if you call it with ::new or ::delete
 /// as the current tokens, so only call it in contexts where these are invalid.
-bool Parser::TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken() {
+bool Parser::TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken(bool ClassTemplateDeductionContext) {
   assert((Tok.is(tok::identifier) || Tok.is(tok::coloncolon) ||
           Tok.is(tok::kw_typename) || Tok.is(tok::annot_cxxscope) ||
           Tok.is(tok::kw_decltype) || Tok.is(tok::annot_template_id) ||
           Tok.is(tok::kw___super)) &&
          "Cannot be a type or scope token!");
 
   if (Tok.is(tok::kw_typename)) {
     // MSVC lets you do stuff like:
     //   typename typedef T_::D D;
     //
     // We will consume the typedef token here and put it back after we have
     // parsed the first identifier, transforming it into something more like:
     //   typename T_::D typedef D;
     if (getLangOpts().MSVCCompat && NextToken().is(tok::kw_typedef)) {
       Token TypedefToken;
       PP.Lex(TypedefToken);
-      bool Result = TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken();
+      bool Result = TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken(ClassTemplateDeductionContext);
       PP.EnterToken(Tok, /*IsReinject=*/true);
       Tok = TypedefToken;
       if (!Result)
         Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::warn_expected_qualified_after_typename);
       return Result;
     }
 
     // Parse a C++ typename-specifier, e.g., "typename T::type".
     //
     //   typename-specifier:
     //     'typename' '::' [opt] nested-name-specifier identifier
     //     'typename' '::' [opt] nested-name-specifier template [opt]
     //            simple-template-id
     SourceLocation TypenameLoc = ConsumeToken();
     CXXScopeSpec SS;
     if (ParseOptionalCXXScopeSpecifier(SS, /*ObjectType=*/nullptr,
                                        /*EnteringContext=*/false, nullptr,
                                        /*IsTypename*/ true))
       return true;
     if (!SS.isSet()) {
       if (Tok.is(tok::identifier) || Tok.is(tok::annot_template_id) ||
           Tok.is(tok::annot_decltype)) {
         // Attempt to recover by skipping the invalid 'typename'
         if (Tok.is(tok::annot_decltype) ||
-            (!TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken() && Tok.isAnnotation())) {
+            (!TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken(ClassTemplateDeductionContext) &&
+             Tok.isAnnotation())) {
           unsigned DiagID = diag::err_expected_qualified_after_typename;
           // MS compatibility: MSVC permits using known types with typename.
           // e.g. "typedef typename T* pointer_type"
           if (getLangOpts().MicrosoftExt)
             DiagID = diag::warn_expected_qualified_after_typename;
           Diag(Tok.getLocation(), DiagID);
           return false;
         }
bool Parser::TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken(bool ClassTemplateDeductionContext) {
   // Remembers whether the token was originally a scope annotation.
   bool WasScopeAnnotation = Tok.is(tok::annot_cxxscope);
 
   CXXScopeSpec SS;
   if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus)
     if (ParseOptionalCXXScopeSpecifier(SS, nullptr, /*EnteringContext*/false))
       return true;
 
-  return TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(SS, !WasScopeAnnotation);
+  return TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(
+      SS, !WasScopeAnnotation, ClassTemplateDeductionContext);
 }
 
 /// Try to annotate a type or scope token, having already parsed an
 /// optional scope specifier. \p IsNewScope should be \c true unless the scope
 /// specifier was extracted from an existing tok::annot_cxxscope annotation.
-bool Parser::TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(CXXScopeSpec &SS,
-                                                       bool IsNewScope) {
+bool Parser::TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeTokenAfterScopeSpec(
+    CXXScopeSpec &SS, bool IsNewScope, bool ClassTemplateDeductionContext) {
   if (Tok.is(tok::identifier)) {
     // Determine whether the identifier is a type name.
     if (ParsedType Ty = Actions.getTypeName(
             *Tok.getIdentifierInfo(), Tok.getLocation(), getCurScope(), &SS,
             false, NextToken().is(tok::period), nullptr,
             /*IsCtorOrDtorName=*/false,
             /*NonTrivialTypeSourceInfo*/true,
-            /*IsClassTemplateDeductionContext*/true)) {
+            ClassTemplateDeductionContext)) {
       SourceLocation BeginLoc = Tok.getLocation();
       if (SS.isNotEmpty()) // it was a C++ qualified type name.
         BeginLoc = SS.getBeginLoc();
 
       /// An Objective-C object type followed by '<' is a specialization of
       /// a parameterized class type or a protocol-qualified type.
       if (getLangOpts().ObjC && NextToken().is(tok::less) &&
           (Ty.get()->isObjCObjectType() ||

clang/lib/Sema/Sema.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // Helper functions.
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 DeclContext *Sema::getFunctionLevelDeclContext() {
   DeclContext *DC = CurContext;
 
   while (true) {
-    if (isa<BlockDecl>(DC) || isa<EnumDecl>(DC) || isa<CapturedDecl>(DC)) {
+    if (isa<BlockDecl>(DC) || isa<EnumDecl>(DC) || isa<CapturedDecl>(DC) ||
+        isa<RequiresExprBodyDecl>(DC)) {
       DC = DC->getParent();
     } else if (isa<CXXMethodDecl>(DC) &&
                cast<CXXMethodDecl>(DC)->getOverloadedOperator() == OO_Call &&
                cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC->getParent())->isLambda()) {
       DC = DC->getParent()->getParent();
     }
     else break;
   }

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

 //===-- SemaConcept.cpp - Semantic Analysis for Constraints and Concepts --===//
 //
 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
 //
 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 //  This file implements semantic analysis for C++ constraints and concepts.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "clang/Sema/Sema.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/SemaInternal.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/SemaDiagnostic.h"
+#include "clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TemplateDeduction.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Template.h"
+#include "clang/Sema/Overload.h"
+#include "clang/Sema/Initialization.h"
+#include "clang/Sema/SemaInternal.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/PointerUnion.h"
 using namespace clang;
 using namespace sema;
 
 bool Sema::CheckConstraintExpression(Expr *ConstraintExpression,
                                      Expr **Culprit) {
if (CSE->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->NumTemplateArgs == 1) {
           << CSE->getNamedConcept();
     } else {
       S.Diag(SubstExpr->getSourceRange().getBegin(),
              diag::note_concept_specialization_constraint_evaluated_to_false)
           << (int)First << CSE;
     }
     S.DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(CSE->getSatisfaction());
     return;
+  } else if (auto *RE = dyn_cast<RequiresExpr>(SubstExpr)) {
+    for (Requirement *Req : RE->getRequirements())
+      if (!Req->isDependent() && !Req->isSatisfied()) {
+        Req->Diagnose(S, First);
+        break;
+      }
+    return;
   }
 
   S.Diag(SubstExpr->getSourceRange().getBegin(),
          diag::note_atomic_constraint_evaluated_to_false)
       << (int)First << SubstExpr;
 }
 
 template<typename SubstitutionDiagnostic>
 static void diagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraintExpr(
     Sema &S, const Expr *E,
     const llvm::PointerUnion<Expr *, SubstitutionDiagnostic *> &Record,
     bool First = true) {
   if (auto *Diag = Record.template dyn_cast<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>()){
     S.Diag(Diag->first, diag::note_substituted_constraint_expr_is_ill_formed)
         << Diag->second;
     return;
   }
 
   diagnoseWellFormedUnsatisfiedConstraintExpr(S,
       Record.template get<Expr *>(), First);
 }
 
-void Sema::DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(
-    const ConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction) {
+void
+Sema::DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(const ConstraintSatisfaction& Satisfaction,
+                                    bool First) {
   assert(!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied &&
          "Attempted to diagnose a satisfied constraint");
-  bool First = true;
   for (auto &Pair : Satisfaction.Details) {
     diagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraintExpr(*this, Pair.first, Pair.second, First);
     First = false;
   }
 }
 
 void Sema::DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(
-    const ASTConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction) {
+    const ASTConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction,
+    bool First) {
   assert(!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied &&
          "Attempted to diagnose a satisfied constraint");
-  bool First = true;
   for (auto &Pair : Satisfaction) {
     diagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraintExpr(*this, Pair.first, Pair.second, First);
     First = false;
   }
 }
 
 namespace {
 struct AtomicConstraint {
bool Sema::MaybeEmitAmbiguousAtomicConstraintsDiagnostic(NamedDecl *D1,
   Diag(AmbiguousAtomic1->getBeginLoc(), diag::note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints)
       << const_cast<Expr *>(AmbiguousAtomic1)
       << AmbiguousAtomic1->getSourceRange();
   Diag(AmbiguousAtomic2->getBeginLoc(),
        diag::note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints_second)
       << AmbiguousAtomic2->getSourceRange();
   return true;
 }
+
+
+
+ExprRequirement::ExprRequirement(Sema &S, Expr *E, bool IsSimple,
+                                 SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                 ReturnTypeRequirement Req) :
+    Requirement(IsSimple ? RK_Simple : RK_Compound,
+                E->isInstantiationDependent() || Req.isDependent(),
+                E->containsUnexpandedParameterPack() ||
+                Req.containsUnexpandedParameterPack(), false), Value(E),
+    NoexceptLoc(NoexceptLoc), TypeReq(Req) {
+  assert((!IsSimple || (Req.isEmpty() && NoexceptLoc.isInvalid())) &&
+         "Simple requirement must not have a return type requirement or a "
+         "noexcept specification");
+  if (isDependent()) {
+    Status = SS_Dependent;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (NoexceptLoc.isValid() && S.canThrow(E) == CanThrowResult::CT_Can) {
+    Status = SS_NoexceptNotMet;
+    setSatisfied(false);
+    return;
+  }
+  Status = TypeReq.calculateSatisfaction(S, E);
+  setSatisfied(Status == SS_Satisfied);
+}
+
+ExprRequirement::ExprRequirement(Expr *E, bool IsSimple,
+                                 SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                 ReturnTypeRequirement Req,
+                                 SatisfactionStatus Status) :
+    Requirement(IsSimple ? RK_Simple : RK_Compound, Status == SS_Dependent,
+                Status == SS_Dependent &&
+                (E->containsUnexpandedParameterPack() ||
+                 Req.containsUnexpandedParameterPack()),
+                Status == SS_Satisfied), Value(E), NoexceptLoc(NoexceptLoc),
+    TypeReq(Req), Status(Status) {
+  assert((!IsSimple || (Req.isEmpty() && NoexceptLoc.isInvalid())) &&
+         "Simple requirement must not have a return type requirement or a "
+         "noexcept specification");
+}
+
+ExprRequirement::ExprRequirement(SubstitutionDiagnostic *ExprSubstDiag,
+                                 bool IsSimple, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                 ReturnTypeRequirement Req) :
+    Requirement(IsSimple ? RK_Simple : RK_Compound, Req.isDependent(),
+                Req.containsUnexpandedParameterPack(), /*IsSatisfied=*/false),
+    Value(ExprSubstDiag), NoexceptLoc(NoexceptLoc), TypeReq(Req),
+    Status(SS_ExprSubstitutionFailure) {
+  assert((!IsSimple || (Req.isEmpty() && NoexceptLoc.isInvalid())) &&
+         "Simple requirement must not have a return type requirement or a "
+         "noexcept specification");
+}
+
+ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement(ASTContext &C,
+    TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedType) :
+    Dependent(ExpectedType->getType()->isInstantiationDependentType()),
+    ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(
+        ExpectedType->getType()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack()),
+    Value(ExpectedType) {}
+
+ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement(ASTContext &C,
+    TemplateParameterList *TPL, ConceptSpecializationExpr *CSE) :
+    Dependent(false), ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack(false),
+    Value(new (C) TypeConstraintRequirement(TPL, CSE)) {
+  assert(TPL->size() == 1);
+  const TypeConstraint *TC =
+      cast<TemplateTypeParmDecl>(TPL->getParam(0))->getTypeConstraint();
+  assert(TC &&
+         "TPL must have a template type parameter with a type constraint");
+  auto *Constraint =
+      cast_or_null<ConceptSpecializationExpr>(
+          TC->getImmediatelyDeclaredConstraint());
+  ContainsUnexpandedParameterPack =
+      Constraint->containsUnexpandedParameterPack();
+  for (auto &ArgLoc :
+       Constraint->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->arguments().drop_front(1))
+    if (ArgLoc.getArgument().isDependent()) {
+      Dependent = true;
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+ExprRequirement::SatisfactionStatus
+ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement::calculateSatisfaction(Sema &S,
+    Expr *E) {
+  if (!Value)
+    return SS_Satisfied;
+  if (Value.is<SubstitutionDiagnostic *>())
+    return SS_TypeRequirementSubstitutionFailure;
+  if (auto *TypeReq = Value.dyn_cast<TypeSourceInfo *>()) {
+    InitializedEntity InventedEntity =
+        InitializedEntity::InitializeResult(TypeReq->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc(),
+                                            TypeReq->getType(), /*NRVO=*/false);
+    InitializationSequence Seq(S, InventedEntity,
+        InitializationKind::CreateCopy(E->getBeginLoc(),
+                                       TypeReq->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc()), E);
+    if (Seq.isAmbiguous())
+      return SS_ImplicitConversionAmbiguous;
+    if (Seq.Failed())
+      return SS_NoImplicitConversionExists;
+    return SS_Satisfied;
+  }
+  auto *TypeConstr = Value.get<TypeConstraintRequirement *>();
+  TemplateParameterList *TPL = TypeConstr->first;
+
+  // C++2a [expr.prim.req]p1.3.3
+  //     The immediately-declared constraint ([temp]) of decltype((E)) shall be
+  //     satisfied.
+  QualType MatchedType =
+      S.BuildDecltypeType(E, E->getBeginLoc()).getCanonicalType();
+  llvm::SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 1> Args;
+  Args.push_back(TemplateArgument(MatchedType));
+  TemplateArgumentList TAL(TemplateArgumentList::OnStack, Args);
+  MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList MLTAL(TAL);
+  for (unsigned I = 0; I < TPL->getDepth(); ++I)
+    MLTAL.addOuterRetainedLevel();
+  ExprResult Constraint =
+      S.SubstExpr(cast<TemplateTypeParmDecl>(
+          TPL->getParam(0))->getTypeConstraint()
+          ->getImmediatelyDeclaredConstraint(), MLTAL);
+  assert(!Constraint.isInvalid() && Constraint.isUsable() &&
+         "Substitution cannot fail as it is simply putting a type template "
+         "argument into a concept specialization expression's parameter.");
+
+  auto *CSE = cast<ConceptSpecializationExpr>(Constraint.get());
+  TypeConstr->second = CSE;
+  if (!CSE->isSatisfied())
+    return SS_ConstraintsNotSatisfied;
+  return SS_Satisfied;
+}
+
+void ExprRequirement::Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const {
+  assert(!isSatisfied()
+         && "Diagnose() can only be used on an unsatisfied requirement");
+  switch (getSatisfactionStatus()) {
+  case SS_Dependent:
+    llvm_unreachable("Diagnosing a dependent requirement");
+    break;
+  case SS_ExprSubstitutionFailure: {
+    auto *SubstDiag = getExprSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+    if (!SubstDiag->DiagMessage.empty())
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_expr_requirement_expr_substitution_error) << (int)First
+          << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity
+          << SubstDiag->DiagMessage;
+    else
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_expr_requirement_expr_unknown_substitution_error)
+            << (int)First << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity;
+    break;
+  }
+  case SS_NoexceptNotMet:
+    S.Diag(getNoexceptLoc(), diag::note_expr_requirement_noexcept_not_met)
+        << (int)First << getExpr();
+    break;
+  case SS_TypeRequirementSubstitutionFailure: {
+    auto *SubstDiag = TypeReq.getSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+    if (!SubstDiag->DiagMessage.empty())
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_expr_requirement_type_requirement_substitution_error)
+          << (int)First << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity
+          << SubstDiag->DiagMessage;
+    else
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+        diag::note_expr_requirement_type_requirement_unknown_substitution_error)
+          << (int)First << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity;
+    break;
+  }
+  case SS_ImplicitConversionAmbiguous:
+    S.Diag(TypeReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()
+               ->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc(),
+           diag::note_expr_requirement_ambiguous_conversion) << (int)First
+        << getExpr()->getType()
+        << TypeReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()
+            ->getType();
+    break;
+  case SS_NoImplicitConversionExists:
+    S.Diag(TypeReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()
+               ->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc(),
+           diag::note_expr_requirement_no_implicit_conversion) << (int)First
+        << getExpr()->getType()
+        << TypeReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()
+            ->getType();
+    break;
+  case SS_ConstraintsNotSatisfied: {
+    ConceptSpecializationExpr *ConstraintExpr =
+        TypeReq.getTypeConstraintSubstitutedConstraintExpr();
+    if (ConstraintExpr->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()->NumTemplateArgs == 1)
+      // A simple case - expr type is the type being constrained and the concept
+      // was not provided arguments.
+      S.Diag(ConstraintExpr->getBeginLoc(),
+           diag::note_expr_requirement_constraints_not_satisfied_simple)
+          << (int)First << getExpr()->getType()
+          << ConstraintExpr->getNamedConcept();
+    else
+      S.Diag(ConstraintExpr->getBeginLoc(),
+             diag::note_expr_requirement_constraints_not_satisfied)
+          << (int)First << ConstraintExpr;
+    S.DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(ConstraintExpr->getSatisfaction());
+    break;
+  }
+  case SS_Satisfied:
+    llvm_unreachable("We checked this above");
+  }
+}
+
+TypeRequirement::TypeRequirement(TypeSourceInfo *T) :
+    Requirement(RK_Type, T->getType()->isDependentType(),
+                T->getType()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack(),
+                /*IsSatisfied=*/true // We reach this ctor with either dependent
+                                     // types (in which IsSatisfied doesn't
+                                     // matter) or with non-dependent type in
+                                     // which the existance of the type
+                                     // indicates satisfaction.
+                ), Value(T),
+    Status(T->getType()->isDependentType() ? SS_Dependent : SS_Satisfied) {}
+
+void TypeRequirement::Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const {
+  assert(!isSatisfied()
+         && "Diagnose() can only be used on an unsatisfied requirement");
+  switch (getSatisfactionStatus()) {
+  case SS_Dependent:
+    llvm_unreachable("Diagnosing a dependent requirement");
+    return;
+  case SS_SubstitutionFailure: {
+    auto *SubstDiag = getSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+    if (!SubstDiag->DiagMessage.empty())
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_type_requirement_substitution_error) << (int)First
+          << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity << SubstDiag->DiagMessage;
+    else
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_type_requirement_unknown_substitution_error)
+          << (int)First << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity;
+    return;
+  }
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("Unknown satisfaction status");
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+NestedRequirement::NestedRequirement(Sema &S, Expr *Constraint) :
+    Requirement(RK_Nested, Constraint->isInstantiationDependent(),
+                Constraint->containsUnexpandedParameterPack(),
+                /*Satisfied=*/false), Value(Constraint) {
+  if (isDependent())
+    return;
+  ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+  S.CheckConstraintSatisfaction(Constraint, Satisfaction);
+  this->Satisfaction = ASTConstraintSatisfaction::Create(S.Context,
+                                                         Satisfaction);
+  setSatisfied(Satisfaction.IsSatisfied);
+}
+
+void NestedRequirement::Diagnose(Sema &S, bool First) const {
+  if (isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+    auto *SubstDiag = getSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+    if (!SubstDiag->DiagMessage.empty())
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_nested_requirement_substitution_error) << (int)First
+          << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity << SubstDiag->DiagMessage;
+    else
+      S.Diag(SubstDiag->DiagLoc,
+             diag::note_nested_requirement_unknown_substitution_error)
+          << (int)First << SubstDiag->SubstitutedEntity;
+    return;
+  }
+  S.DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(*Satisfaction, First);
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

static bool shouldConsiderLinkage(const VarDecl *VD) {
   const DeclContext *DC = VD->getDeclContext()->getRedeclContext();
   if (DC->isFunctionOrMethod() || isa<OMPDeclareReductionDecl>(DC) ||
       isa<OMPDeclareMapperDecl>(DC))
     return VD->hasExternalStorage();
   if (DC->isFileContext())
     return true;
   if (DC->isRecord())
     return false;
+  if (isa<RequiresExprBodyDecl>(DC))
+    return false;
   llvm_unreachable("Unexpected context");
 }
 
 static bool shouldConsiderLinkage(const FunctionDecl *FD) {
   const DeclContext *DC = FD->getDeclContext()->getRedeclContext();
   if (DC->isFileContext() || DC->isFunctionOrMethod() ||
       isa<OMPDeclareReductionDecl>(DC) || isa<OMPDeclareMapperDecl>(DC))
     return true;

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExceptionSpec.cpp

CanThrowResult Sema::canThrow(const Expr *E) {
   case Expr::ObjCStringLiteralClass:
   case Expr::ObjCBoolLiteralExprClass:
   case Expr::OpaqueValueExprClass:
   case Expr::PredefinedExprClass:
   case Expr::SizeOfPackExprClass:
   case Expr::StringLiteralClass:
   case Expr::SourceLocExprClass:
   case Expr::ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+  case Expr::RequiresExprClass:
     // These expressions can never throw.
     return CT_Cannot;
 
   case Expr::MSPropertyRefExprClass:
   case Expr::MSPropertySubscriptExprClass:
     llvm_unreachable("Invalid class for expression");
 
 #define STMT(CLASS, PARENT) case Expr::CLASS##Class:

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

if (Expr *RC = FD->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
              diag::err_reference_to_function_with_unsatisfied_constraints)
             << D;
         DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(Satisfaction);
         return true;
       }
     }
   }
 
+  if (isa<ParmVarDecl>(D) && isa<RequiresExprBodyDecl>(D->getDeclContext()) &&
+      !isUnevaluatedContext()) {
+    // C++ [expr.prim.req.nested] p3
+    //   A local parameter shall only appear as an unevaluated operand
+    //   (Clause 8) within the constraint-expression.
+    Diag(Loc, diag::err_requires_expr_parameter_referenced_in_evaluated_context)
+        << D;
+    Diag(D->getLocation(), diag::note_entity_declared_at) << D;
+    return true;
+  }
+
   return false;
 }
 
 /// DiagnoseSentinelCalls - This routine checks whether a call or
 /// message-send is to a declaration with the sentinel attribute, and
 /// if so, it checks that the requirements of the sentinel are
 /// satisfied.
 void Sema::DiagnoseSentinelCalls(NamedDecl *D, SourceLocation Loc,

 Sema::BuildDeclRefExpr(ValueDecl *D, QualType Ty, ExprValueKind VK,
                        const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                        NestedNameSpecifierLoc NNS, NamedDecl *FoundD,
                        SourceLocation TemplateKWLoc,
                        const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs) {
   bool RefersToCapturedVariable =
       isa<VarDecl>(D) &&
       NeedToCaptureVariable(cast<VarDecl>(D), NameInfo.getLoc());
   
   DeclRefExpr *E = DeclRefExpr::Create(
       Context, NNS, TemplateKWLoc, D, RefersToCapturedVariable, NameInfo, Ty,
       VK, FoundD, TemplateArgs, getNonOdrUseReasonInCurrentContext(D));
   MarkDeclRefReferenced(E);
 
   if (getLangOpts().ObjCWeak && isa<VarDecl>(D) &&
       Ty.getObjCLifetime() == Qualifiers::OCL_Weak && !isUnevaluatedContext() &&
       !Diags.isIgnored(diag::warn_arc_repeated_use_of_weak, E->getBeginLoc()))

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExprCXX.cpp

Sema::CheckMicrosoftIfExistsSymbol(Scope *S, SourceLocation KeywordLoc,
   // Check for an unexpanded parameter pack.
   auto UPPC = IsIfExists ? UPPC_IfExists : UPPC_IfNotExists;
   if (DiagnoseUnexpandedParameterPack(SS, UPPC) ||
       DiagnoseUnexpandedParameterPack(TargetNameInfo, UPPC))
     return IER_Error;
 
   return CheckMicrosoftIfExistsSymbol(S, SS, TargetNameInfo);
 }
+
+Requirement *Sema::ActOnSimpleRequirement(Expr *E) {
+  return new (Context) ExprRequirement(*this, E, /*IsSimple=*/true,
+             /*NoexceptLoc=*/SourceLocation());
+}
+
+Requirement *Sema::ActOnTypeRequirement(SourceLocation TypenameKWLoc,
+                                        QualType Type) {
+  auto *LIT = dyn_cast<LocInfoType>(Type.getTypePtr());
+  return new (Context) TypeRequirement(
+      LIT ? LIT->getTypeSourceInfo() :
+      Context.getTrivialTypeSourceInfo(Type, TypenameKWLoc));
+}
+
+Requirement *Sema::ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E,
+                                            SourceLocation NoexceptLoc) {
+  return new (Context) ExprRequirement(*this, E, /*IsSimple=*/false,
+                                       NoexceptLoc);
+}
+
+Requirement *Sema::ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                                            TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedType) {
+  if (ExpectedType->getType().getTypePtr()->isUndeducedType()) {
+    auto *Auto = ExpectedType->getType()->getContainedAutoType();
+    Diag(ExpectedType->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc(),
+         diag::err_auto_not_allowed_in_return_type_requirement)
+        << (unsigned)Auto->getKeyword();
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return new (Context) ExprRequirement(*this, E, /*IsSimple=*/false,
+             NoexceptLoc, ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement(Context,
+                                                                 ExpectedType));
+}
+
+Requirement *
+Sema::ActOnCompoundRequirement(Expr *E, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                               TemplateIdAnnotation *TypeConstraint,
+                               unsigned Depth) {
+  // C++2a [expr.prim.req.compound] p1.3.3
+  //   [..] the expression is deduced against an invented function template
+  //   F [...] F is a void function template with a single type template
+  //   parameter T declared with the constrained-parameter. Form a new
+  //   cv-qualifier-seq cv by taking the union of const and volatile specifiers
+  //   around the constrained-parameter. F has a single parameter whose
+  //   type-specifier is cv T followed by the abstract-declarator. [...]
+  //
+  // The cv part is done in the calling function - we get the concept with
+  // arguments and the abstract declarator with the correct CV qualification and
+  // have to synthesize T and the single parameter of F.
+  auto &II = Context.Idents.get("expr-type");
+  auto *TParam = TemplateTypeParmDecl::Create(Context, CurContext,
+                                              SourceLocation(),
+                                              SourceLocation(), Depth,
+                                              /*Index=*/0, &II,
+                                              /*Typename=*/true,
+                                              /*ParameterPack=*/false,
+                                              /*HasTypeConstraint=*/true);
+
+  if (ActOnTypeConstraint(TypeConstraint, TParam,
+                          /*EllpsisLoc=*/SourceLocation()))
+    // Just produce a requirement with no type requirements.
+    return new (Context) ExprRequirement(*this, E, /*IsSimple=*/false,
+      NoexceptLoc, ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement());
+
+  auto *TPL = TemplateParameterList::Create(Context, SourceLocation(),
+                                            SourceLocation(),
+                                            ArrayRef<NamedDecl *>(TParam),
+                                            SourceLocation(),
+                                            /*RequiresClause=*/nullptr);
+
+  return new (Context) ExprRequirement(*this, E, /*IsSimple=*/false,
+      NoexceptLoc, ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement(Context, TPL));
+}
+
+Requirement *Sema::ActOnNestedRequirement(Expr *Constraint) {
+  return new (Context) NestedRequirement(*this, Constraint);
+}
+
+RequiresExprBodyDecl *
+Sema::ActOnEnterRequiresExpr(SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                             ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                             Scope *BodyScope) {
+  assert(BodyScope);
+
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body = RequiresExprBodyDecl::Create(Context, CurContext,
+                                                            RequiresKWLoc);
+
+  // Maintain an efficient lookup of params we have seen so far.
+  llvm::SmallSet<const IdentifierInfo*, 16> ParamsSoFar;
+
+  PushDeclContext(BodyScope, Body);
+
+  for (ParmVarDecl *Param : LocalParameters) {
+    if (Param->hasDefaultArg())
+      // C++2a [expr.prim.req] p4
+      //     [...] A local parameter of a requires-expression shall not have a
+      //     default argument. [...]
+      Diag(Param->getDefaultArgRange().getBegin(),
+           diag::err_requires_expr_local_parameter_default_argument);
+    // Ignore default argument and move on
+
+    Param->setDeclContext(Body);
+    // If this has an identifier, add it to the scope stack.
+    if (Param->getIdentifier()) {
+      CheckShadow(BodyScope, Param);
+
+      PushOnScopeChains(Param, BodyScope);
+
+      // Verify that the argument identifier has not already been mentioned.
+      if (!ParamsSoFar.insert(Param->getIdentifier()).second)
+        Diag(Param->getBeginLoc(), diag::err_param_redefinition)
+            << Param->getIdentifier();
+    }
+  }
+  return Body;
+}
+
+void Sema::ActOnExitRequiresExpr() {
+  assert(CurContext && "DeclContext imbalance!");
+  CurContext = CurContext->getLexicalParent();
+  assert(CurContext && "Popped translation unit!");
+}
+
+ExprResult
+Sema::CreateRequiresExpr(SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                         RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+                         ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                         ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+                         SourceLocation ClosingBraceLoc) {
+  return RequiresExpr::Create(Context, RequiresKWLoc, Body, LocalParameters,
+                              Requirements, ClosingBraceLoc);
+}

clang/lib/Sema/SemaLookup.cpp

if (Context->isFileContext())
     return S.getOwningModule(Entity);
   return getDefiningModule(S, cast<Decl>(Context));
 }
 
 llvm::DenseSet<Module*> &Sema::getLookupModules() {
   unsigned N = CodeSynthesisContexts.size();
   for (unsigned I = CodeSynthesisContextLookupModules.size();
        I != N; ++I) {
-    Module *M = getDefiningModule(*this, CodeSynthesisContexts[I].Entity);
+    Module *M = CodeSynthesisContexts[I].Entity ?
+                getDefiningModule(*this, CodeSynthesisContexts[I].Entity) :
+                nullptr;
     if (M && !LookupModulesCache.insert(M).second)
       M = nullptr;
     CodeSynthesisContextLookupModules.push_back(M);
   }
   return LookupModulesCache;
 }
 
 /// Determine whether the module M is part of the current module from the

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

bool hasDeducibleTemplateParameters(Sema &S,
   TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams
     = FunctionTemplate->getTemplateParameters();
   llvm::SmallBitVector Deduced(TemplateParams->size());
   ::MarkUsedTemplateParameters(S.Context, T, true, TemplateParams->getDepth(),
                                Deduced);
 
   return Deduced.any();
 }
+
+QualType Sema::matchTypeByDeduction(TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
+                                    QualType ParamType, Expr *Arg) {
+  assert(TemplateParams->size() == 1 &&
+         isa<TemplateTypeParmDecl>(TemplateParams->getParam(0)) &&
+         "Only template parameter lists containing a single type parameter are "
+         "supported");
+  llvm::SmallVector<DeducedTemplateArgument, 1> Deduced;
+  Deduced.resize(1);
+  llvm::SmallVector<OriginalCallArg, 1> OriginalCallArgs;
+  OriginalCallArgs.push_back(OriginalCallArg(ParamType,
+                                             /*DecomposedParam=*/false,
+                                             /*ArgIdx=*/0, Arg->getType()));
+  TemplateDeductionInfo Info{SourceLocation(), TemplateParams->getDepth()};
+  auto Result = ::DeduceTemplateArgumentsFromCallArgument(*this, TemplateParams,
+      /*FirstInnerIndex=*/0, ParamType, Arg, Info, Deduced,  OriginalCallArgs,
+      /*DecomposedParam=*/false, /*ArgIdx=*/0, /*TDF=*/0);
+  return Result == TDK_Success ? Deduced[0].getAsType() : QualType();
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp

 #include "clang/AST/PrettyDeclStackTrace.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Initialization.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Lookup.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Template.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TemplateDeduction.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TemplateInstCallback.h"
+#include "clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/TimeProfiler.h"
 
 using namespace clang;
 using namespace sema;
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
 // Template Instantiation Support
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
bool Sema::CodeSynthesisContext::isInstantiationRecord() const {
   case TemplateInstantiation:
   case ExceptionSpecInstantiation:
   case DefaultTemplateArgumentInstantiation:
   case DefaultFunctionArgumentInstantiation:
   case ExplicitTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
   case DeducedTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
   case PriorTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
   case ConstraintsCheck:
+  case NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck:
     return true;
 
+  case RequirementInstantiation:
   case DefaultTemplateArgumentChecking:
   case DeclaringSpecialMember:
   case DefiningSynthesizedFunction:
   case ExceptionSpecEvaluation:
   case ConstraintSubstitution:
     return false;
 
   // This function should never be called when Kind's value is Memoization.
if (!Invalid) {
     Inst.Entity = Entity;
     Inst.Template = Template;
     Inst.TemplateArgs = TemplateArgs.data();
     Inst.NumTemplateArgs = TemplateArgs.size();
     Inst.DeductionInfo = DeductionInfo;
     Inst.InstantiationRange = InstantiationRange;
     SemaRef.pushCodeSynthesisContext(Inst);
 
-    AlreadyInstantiating =
+    AlreadyInstantiating = !Inst.Entity ? false :
         !SemaRef.InstantiatingSpecializations
              .insert(std::make_pair(Inst.Entity->getCanonicalDecl(), Inst.Kind))
              .second;
     atTemplateBegin(SemaRef.TemplateInstCallbacks, SemaRef, Inst);
   }
 }
 
 Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
     NamedDecl *Param, ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
     SourceRange InstantiationRange)
     : InstantiatingTemplate(
           SemaRef, CodeSynthesisContext::DefaultTemplateArgumentChecking,
           PointOfInstantiation, InstantiationRange, Param, Template,
           TemplateArgs) {}
 
 Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
+    Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation, Requirement *Req,
+    sema::TemplateDeductionInfo &DeductionInfo, SourceRange InstantiationRange)
+    : InstantiatingTemplate(
+          SemaRef, CodeSynthesisContext::RequirementInstantiation,
+          PointOfInstantiation, InstantiationRange, /*Entity=*/nullptr,
+          /*Template=*/nullptr, /*TemplateArgs=*/None, &DeductionInfo) {}
+
+
+Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
+    Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation, NestedRequirement *Req,
+    ConstraintsCheck, SourceRange InstantiationRange)
+    : InstantiatingTemplate(
+          SemaRef, CodeSynthesisContext::NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck,
+          PointOfInstantiation, InstantiationRange, /*Entity=*/nullptr,
+          /*Template=*/nullptr, /*TemplateArgs=*/None) {}
+
+
+Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::InstantiatingTemplate(
     Sema &SemaRef, SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
     ConstraintsCheck, NamedDecl *Template,
     ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs, SourceRange InstantiationRange)
     : InstantiatingTemplate(
           SemaRef, CodeSynthesisContext::ConstraintsCheck,
           PointOfInstantiation, InstantiationRange, Template, nullptr,
           TemplateArgs) {}
 
void Sema::popCodeSynthesisContext() {
 
   CodeSynthesisContexts.pop_back();
 }
 
 void Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::Clear() {
   if (!Invalid) {
     if (!AlreadyInstantiating) {
       auto &Active = SemaRef.CodeSynthesisContexts.back();
+      if (Active.Entity)
         SemaRef.InstantiatingSpecializations.erase(
             std::make_pair(Active.Entity, Active.Kind));
     }
 
     atTemplateEnd(SemaRef.TemplateInstCallbacks, SemaRef,
                   SemaRef.CodeSynthesisContexts.back());
 
     SemaRef.popCodeSynthesisContext();
     Invalid = true;
   }
for (SmallVectorImpl<CodeSynthesisContext>::reverse_iterator
 
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ExceptionSpecInstantiation:
       Diags.Report(Active->PointOfInstantiation,
                    diag::note_template_exception_spec_instantiation_here)
         << cast<FunctionDecl>(Active->Entity)
         << Active->InstantiationRange;
       break;
 
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::RequirementInstantiation:
+      Diags.Report(Active->PointOfInstantiation,
+                   diag::note_template_requirement_instantiation_here)
+        << Active->InstantiationRange;
+      break;
+
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck:
+      Diags.Report(Active->PointOfInstantiation,
+                   diag::note_nested_requirement_here)
+        << Active->InstantiationRange;
+      break;
+
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DeclaringSpecialMember:
       Diags.Report(Active->PointOfInstantiation,
                    diag::note_in_declaration_of_implicit_special_member)
         << cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Active->Entity) << Active->SpecialMember;
       break;
 
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefiningSynthesizedFunction: {
       // FIXME: For synthesized members other than special members, produce a note.
case CodeSynthesisContext::TemplateInstantiation:
       // An instantiation of an alias template may or may not be a SFINAE
       // context, depending on what else is on the stack.
       if (isa<TypeAliasTemplateDecl>(Active->Entity))
         break;
       LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefaultFunctionArgumentInstantiation:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ExceptionSpecInstantiation:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ConstraintsCheck:
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::NestedRequirementConstraintsCheck:
       // This is a template instantiation, so there is no SFINAE.
       return None;
 
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefaultTemplateArgumentInstantiation:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::PriorTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefaultTemplateArgumentChecking:
       // A default template argument instantiation and substitution into
       // template parameters with arguments for prior parameters may or may
       // not be a SFINAE context; look further up the stack.
       break;
 
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ExplicitTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DeducedTemplateArgumentSubstitution:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::ConstraintSubstitution:
-      // We're either substituting explicitly-specified template arguments
-      // or deduced template arguments or a constraint expression, so SFINAE
-      // applies.
+    case CodeSynthesisContext::RequirementInstantiation:
+      // We're either substituting explicitly-specified template arguments,
+      // deduced template arguments, a constraint expression or a requirement
+      // in a requires expression, so SFINAE applies.
       assert(Active->DeductionInfo && "Missing deduction info pointer");
       return Active->DeductionInfo;
 
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DeclaringSpecialMember:
     case CodeSynthesisContext::DefiningSynthesizedFunction:
       // This happens in a context unrelated to template instantiation, so
       // there is no SFINAE.
       return None;
public:
     QualType TransformSubstTemplateTypeParmPackType(TypeLocBuilder &TLB,
                                            SubstTemplateTypeParmPackTypeLoc TL);
 
     ExprResult TransformLambdaExpr(LambdaExpr *E) {
       LocalInstantiationScope Scope(SemaRef, /*CombineWithOuterScope=*/true);
       return TreeTransform<TemplateInstantiator>::TransformLambdaExpr(E);
     }
 
+    ExprResult TransformRequiresExpr(RequiresExpr *E) {
+      LocalInstantiationScope Scope(SemaRef, /*CombineWithOuterScope=*/true);
+      return TreeTransform<TemplateInstantiator>::TransformRequiresExpr(E);
+    }
+
+    bool TransformRequiresExprRequirements(ArrayRef<Requirement *> Reqs,
+        SmallVectorImpl<Requirement *> &Transformed) {
+      bool SatisfactionDetermined = false;
+      for (Requirement *Req : Reqs) {
+        Requirement *TransReq = nullptr;
+        if (!SatisfactionDetermined) {
+          if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(Req))
+            TransReq = TransformTypeRequirement(TypeReq);
+          else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req))
+            TransReq = TransformExprRequirement(ExprReq);
+          else
+            TransReq = TransformNestedRequirement(cast<NestedRequirement>(Req));
+          if (!TransReq)
+            return true;
+          if (!TransReq->isDependent() && !TransReq->isSatisfied())
+            // [expr.prim.req]p6
+            //   [...]  The substitution and semantic constraint checking
+            //   proceeds in lexical order and stops when a condition that
+            //   determines the result of the requires-expression is
+            //   encountered. [..]
+            SatisfactionDetermined = true;
+        } else
+          TransReq = Req;
+        Transformed.push_back(TransReq);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
     TemplateParameterList *TransformTemplateParameterList(
                               TemplateParameterList *OrigTPL)  {
       if (!OrigTPL || !OrigTPL->size()) return OrigTPL;
 
       DeclContext *Owner = OrigTPL->getParam(0)->getDeclContext();
       TemplateDeclInstantiator  DeclInstantiator(getSema(),
                         /* DeclContext *Owner */ Owner, TemplateArgs);
       return DeclInstantiator.SubstTemplateParams(OrigTPL);
     }
+
+    TypeRequirement *TransformTypeRequirement(TypeRequirement *Req);
+    ExprRequirement *TransformExprRequirement(ExprRequirement *Req);
+    NestedRequirement *TransformNestedRequirement(NestedRequirement *Req);
+
   private:
     ExprResult transformNonTypeTemplateParmRef(NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *parm,
                                                SourceLocation loc,
                                                TemplateArgument arg);
   };
 }
 
 bool TemplateInstantiator::AlreadyTransformed(QualType T) {
Result = getSema().Context.getSubstTemplateTypeParmType(
                                       TL.getTypePtr()->getReplacedParameter(),
                                                           Result);
   SubstTemplateTypeParmTypeLoc NewTL
     = TLB.push<SubstTemplateTypeParmTypeLoc>(Result);
   NewTL.setNameLoc(TL.getNameLoc());
   return Result;
 }
 
+template<typename EntityPrinter>
+static Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *
+createSubstDiag(Sema &S, TemplateDeductionInfo &Info, EntityPrinter Printer) {
+  SmallString<128> Message;
+  SourceLocation ErrorLoc;
+  if (Info.hasSFINAEDiagnostic()) {
+    PartialDiagnosticAt PDA(SourceLocation(),
+                            PartialDiagnostic::NullDiagnostic{});
+    Info.takeSFINAEDiagnostic(PDA);
+    PDA.second.EmitToString(S.getDiagnostics(), Message);
+    ErrorLoc = PDA.first;
+  } else {
+    ErrorLoc = Info.getLocation();
+  }
+  std::string Str;
+  llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+  Printer(OS);
+  return new (S.Context) Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic{OS.str(), ErrorLoc,
+                                                             Message.str()};
+}
+
+TypeRequirement *
+TemplateInstantiator::TransformTypeRequirement(TypeRequirement *Req) {
+  if (!Req->isDependent() && !AlwaysRebuild())
+    return Req;
+  if (Req->isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+    if (AlwaysRebuild())
+      return RebuildTypeRequirement(
+              Req->getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+    return Req;
+  }
+
+  Sema::SFINAETrap Trap(SemaRef);
+  TemplateDeductionInfo Info(Req->getType()->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc());
+  Sema::InstantiatingTemplate TypeInst(SemaRef,
+      Req->getType()->getTypeLoc().getBeginLoc(), Req, Info,
+      Req->getType()->getTypeLoc().getSourceRange());
+  if (TypeInst.isInvalid())
+    return nullptr;
+  TypeSourceInfo *TransType = TransformType(Req->getType());
+  if (!TransType || Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+    return RebuildTypeRequirement(createSubstDiag(SemaRef, Info,
+        [&] (llvm::raw_string_ostream& OS) {
+            Req->getType()->getType().print(OS, SemaRef.getPrintingPolicy());
+        }));
+  return RebuildTypeRequirement(TransType);
+}
+
+ExprRequirement *
+TemplateInstantiator::TransformExprRequirement(ExprRequirement *Req) {
+  if (!Req->isDependent() && !AlwaysRebuild())
+    return Req;
+
+  Sema::SFINAETrap Trap(SemaRef);
+  TemplateDeductionInfo Info(Req->getExpr()->getBeginLoc());
+
+  llvm::PointerUnion<Expr *, Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *> TransExpr;
+  if (Req->isExprSubstitutionFailure())
+    TransExpr = Req->getExprSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+  else {
+    Sema::InstantiatingTemplate ExprInst(SemaRef, Req->getExpr()->getBeginLoc(),
+                                         Req, Info,
+                                         Req->getExpr()->getSourceRange());
+    if (ExprInst.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    ExprResult TransExprRes = TransformExpr(Req->getExpr());
+    if (TransExprRes.isInvalid() || Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+      TransExpr = createSubstDiag(SemaRef, Info,
+          [&] (llvm::raw_string_ostream& OS) {
+              Req->getExpr()->printPretty(OS, nullptr,
+                                          SemaRef.getPrintingPolicy());
+          });
+    else
+      TransExpr = TransExprRes.get();
+  }
+
+  llvm::Optional<ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement> TransRetReq;
+  const auto &RetReq = Req->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+  if (RetReq.isEmpty())
+    TransRetReq.emplace();
+  else if (RetReq.isSubstitutionFailure())
+    TransRetReq.emplace(RetReq.getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+  else if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType()) {
+    Sema::InstantiatingTemplate TypeInst(SemaRef, SourceLocation(), Req, Info,
+                                         SourceRange());
+    if (TypeInst.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TypeSourceInfo *TransType = TransformType(
+        RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType());
+    if (!TransType)
+      TransRetReq.emplace(createSubstDiag(SemaRef, Info,
+          [&] (llvm::raw_string_ostream& OS) {
+              RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType()->getType().print(OS,
+                  SemaRef.getPrintingPolicy());
+          }));
+    else
+      TransRetReq.emplace(SemaRef.Context, TransType);
+  } else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint()) {
+    TemplateParameterList *OrigTPL =
+        RetReq.getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList();
+    Sema::InstantiatingTemplate TPLInst(SemaRef, OrigTPL->getTemplateLoc(),
+                                        Req, Info, OrigTPL->getSourceRange());
+    if (TPLInst.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TemplateParameterList *TPL =
+        TransformTemplateParameterList(OrigTPL);
+    if (!TPL)
+      TransRetReq.emplace(createSubstDiag(SemaRef, Info,
+          [&] (llvm::raw_string_ostream& OS) {
+              RetReq.getTypeConstraint()->getImmediatelyDeclaredConstraint()
+                  ->printPretty(OS, nullptr, SemaRef.getPrintingPolicy());
+          }));
+    else {
+      TPLInst.Clear();
+      TransRetReq.emplace(SemaRef.Context, TPL);
+    }
+  }
+  assert(TransRetReq.hasValue() &&
+         "All code paths leading here must set TransRetReq");
+  if (Expr *E = TransExpr.dyn_cast<Expr *>())
+    return RebuildExprRequirement(E, Req->isSimple(), Req->getNoexceptLoc(),
+                                  std::move(*TransRetReq));
+  return RebuildExprRequirement(
+      TransExpr.get<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *>(), Req->isSimple(),
+      Req->getNoexceptLoc(), std::move(*TransRetReq));
+}
+
+NestedRequirement *
+TemplateInstantiator::TransformNestedRequirement(NestedRequirement *Req) {
+  if (!Req->isDependent() && !AlwaysRebuild())
+    return Req;
+  if (Req->isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+    if (AlwaysRebuild())
+      return RebuildNestedRequirement(
+          Req->getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+    return Req;
+  }
+  Sema::InstantiatingTemplate ReqInst(SemaRef,
+      Req->getConstraintExpr()->getBeginLoc(), Req,
+      Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::ConstraintsCheck{},
+      Req->getConstraintExpr()->getSourceRange());
+
+  ExprResult TransConstraint;
+  TemplateDeductionInfo Info(Req->getConstraintExpr()->getBeginLoc());
+  {
+    EnterExpressionEvaluationContext ContextRAII(
+        SemaRef, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated);
+    Sema::SFINAETrap Trap(SemaRef);
+    Sema::InstantiatingTemplate ConstrInst(SemaRef,
+        Req->getConstraintExpr()->getBeginLoc(), Req, Info,
+        Req->getConstraintExpr()->getSourceRange());
+    if (ConstrInst.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TransConstraint = TransformExpr(Req->getConstraintExpr());
+    if (TransConstraint.isInvalid() || Trap.hasErrorOccurred())
+      return RebuildNestedRequirement(createSubstDiag(SemaRef, Info,
+          [&] (llvm::raw_string_ostream& OS) {
+              Req->getConstraintExpr()->printPretty(OS, nullptr,
+                                                    SemaRef.getPrintingPolicy());
+          }));
+  }
+  return RebuildNestedRequirement(TransConstraint.get());
+}
+
+
 /// Perform substitution on the type T with a given set of template
 /// arguments.
 ///
 /// This routine substitutes the given template arguments into the
 /// type T and produces the instantiated type.
 ///
 /// \param T the type into which the template arguments will be
 /// substituted. If this type is not dependent, it will be returned

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp

Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitFriendTemplateDecl(FriendTemplateDecl *D) {
 
   return nullptr;
 }
 
 Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitConceptDecl(ConceptDecl *D) {
   llvm_unreachable("Concept definitions cannot reside inside a template");
 }
 
+Decl *
+TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitRequiresExprBodyDecl(RequiresExprBodyDecl *D) {
+  return RequiresExprBodyDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, D->getDeclContext(),
+                                      D->getBeginLoc());
+}
+
 Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitDecl(Decl *D) {
   llvm_unreachable("Unexpected decl");
 }
 
 Decl *Sema::SubstDecl(Decl *D, DeclContext *Owner,
                       const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
   TemplateDeclInstantiator Instantiator(*this, Owner, TemplateArgs);
   if (D->isInvalidDecl())

clang/lib/Sema/SemaType.cpp

case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
       // Declared return type of a lambda-declarator is implicit and is always
       // 'auto'.
       break;
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCParameterContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCResultContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext:
       Error = 0;
       break;
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
+      Error = 21;
+      break;
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext:
       // In C++14, generic lambdas allow 'auto' in their parameters.
       if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus14 ||
           !Auto || Auto->getKeyword() != AutoTypeKeyword::Auto)
         Error = 16;
       else {
         // If auto is mentioned in a lambda parameter context, convert it to a
         // template parameter type.
if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus &&
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
       DiagID = diag::err_type_defined_in_type_specifier;
       break;
     case DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCParameterContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCResultContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::KNRTypeListContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       // C++ [dcl.fct]p6:
       //   Types shall not be defined in return or parameter types.
       DiagID = diag::err_type_defined_in_param_type;
       break;
     case DeclaratorContext::ConditionContext:
       // C++ 6.4p2:
       // The type-specifier-seq shall not contain typedef and shall not declare
       // a new class or enumeration.
if (IsTypedefName) {
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::ObjCCatchContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateParamContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TemplateTypeArgContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::TypeNameContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::FunctionalCastContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       // Don't infer in these contexts.
       break;
     }
   }
 
   // Local function that returns true if its argument looks like a va_list.
   auto isVaList = [&S](QualType T) -> bool {
     auto *typedefTy = T->getAs<TypedefType>();

   if (D.hasEllipsis()) {
     // C++0x [dcl.fct]p13:
     //   A declarator-id or abstract-declarator containing an ellipsis shall
     //   only be used in a parameter-declaration. Such a parameter-declaration
     //   is a parameter pack (14.5.3). [...]
     switch (D.getContext()) {
     case DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext:
     case DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext:
+    case DeclaratorContext::RequiresExprContext:
       // C++0x [dcl.fct]p13:
       //   [...] When it is part of a parameter-declaration-clause, the
       //   parameter pack is a function parameter pack (14.5.3). The type T
       //   of the declarator-id of the function parameter pack shall contain
       //   a template parameter pack; each template parameter pack in T is
       //   expanded by the function parameter pack.
       //
       // We represent function parameter packs as function parameters whose

clang/lib/Sema/TreeTransform.h

#include "clang/Basic/AttrList.inc"
   ///
   /// By default, transforms the types of conversion function, constructor,
   /// and destructor names and then (if needed) rebuilds the declaration name.
   /// Identifiers and selectors are returned unmodified. Sublcasses may
   /// override this function to provide alternate behavior.
   DeclarationNameInfo
   TransformDeclarationNameInfo(const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo);
 
+  bool TransformRequiresExprRequirements(ArrayRef<Requirement *> Reqs,
+      llvm::SmallVectorImpl<Requirement *> &Transformed);
+  TypeRequirement *TransformTypeRequirement(TypeRequirement *Req);
+  ExprRequirement *TransformExprRequirement(ExprRequirement *Req);
+  NestedRequirement *TransformNestedRequirement(NestedRequirement *Req);
+
   /// Transform the given template name.
   ///
   /// \param SS The nested-name-specifier that qualifies the template
   /// name. This nested-name-specifier must already have been transformed.
   ///
   /// \param Name The template name to transform.
   ///
   /// \param NameLoc The source location of the template name.
ExprResult Result = getSema().CheckConceptTemplateId(SS, TemplateKWLoc,
                                                          ConceptNameInfo,
                                                          FoundDecl,
                                                          NamedConcept, TALI);
     if (Result.isInvalid())
       return ExprError();
     return Result;
   }
 
-    /// \brief Build a new Objective-C boxed expression.
+  /// \brief Build a new requires expression.
+  ///
+  /// By default, performs semantic analysis to build the new expression.
+  /// Subclasses may override this routine to provide different behavior.
+  ExprResult RebuildRequiresExpr(SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc,
+                                 RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body,
+                                 ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> LocalParameters,
+                                 ArrayRef<Requirement *> Requirements,
+                                 SourceLocation ClosingBraceLoc) {
+    ExprResult Result = getSema().CreateRequiresExpr(RequiresKWLoc, Body,
+                                                     LocalParameters,
+                                                     Requirements,
+                                                     ClosingBraceLoc);
+    if (Result.isInvalid())
+      return ExprError();
+    return Result;
+  }
+
+  TypeRequirement *
+  RebuildTypeRequirement(Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *SubstDiag) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) TypeRequirement(SubstDiag);
+  }
+
+  TypeRequirement *RebuildTypeRequirement(TypeSourceInfo *T) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) TypeRequirement(T);
+  }
+
+  ExprRequirement *
+  RebuildExprRequirement(Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *SubstDiag,
+                         bool IsSimple, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                         ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement Ret) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) ExprRequirement(SubstDiag, IsSimple,
+                                                 NoexceptLoc, std::move(Ret));
+  }
+
+  ExprRequirement *
+  RebuildExprRequirement(Expr *E, bool IsSimple, SourceLocation NoexceptLoc,
+                         ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement Ret) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) ExprRequirement(SemaRef, E, IsSimple,
+                                                 NoexceptLoc, std::move(Ret));
+  }
+
+  NestedRequirement *
+  RebuildNestedRequirement(Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *SubstDiag) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) NestedRequirement(SubstDiag);
+  }
+
+  NestedRequirement *RebuildNestedRequirement(Expr *Constraint) {
+    return new (SemaRef.Context) NestedRequirement(SemaRef, Constraint);
+  }
+
   ///
   /// By default, performs semantic analysis to build the new expression.
   /// Subclasses may override this routine to provide different behavior.
   ExprResult RebuildObjCBoxedExpr(SourceRange SR, Expr *ValueExpr) {
     return getSema().BuildObjCBoxedExpr(SR, ValueExpr);
   }
 
   /// Build a new Objective-C array literal.
if (getDerived().TransformTemplateArguments(Old->getTemplateArgs(),
     return ExprError();
 
   return getDerived().RebuildConceptSpecializationExpr(
       E->getNestedNameSpecifierLoc(), E->getTemplateKWLoc(),
       E->getConceptNameInfo(), E->getFoundDecl(), E->getNamedConcept(),
       &TransArgs);
 }
 
+template<typename Derived>
+ExprResult
+TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformRequiresExpr(RequiresExpr *E) {
+  SmallVector<ParmVarDecl*, 4> TransParams;
+  SmallVector<QualType, 4> TransParamTypes;
+  Sema::ExtParameterInfoBuilder ExtParamInfos;
+
+  // C++2a [expr.prim.req]p2
+  // Expressions appearing within a requirement-body are unevaluated operands.
+  EnterExpressionEvaluationContext Ctx(
+      SemaRef, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::Unevaluated);
+
+  RequiresExprBodyDecl *Body = RequiresExprBodyDecl::Create(
+      getSema().Context, E->getBody()->getDeclContext(),
+      E->getBody()->getBeginLoc());
+
+  Sema::ContextRAII SavedContext(getSema(), Body, /*NewThisContext*/false);
+
+  if (getDerived().TransformFunctionTypeParams(E->getRequiresKWLoc(),
+                                               E->getLocalParameters(),
+                                               /*ParamTypes=*/nullptr,
+                                               /*ParamInfos=*/nullptr,
+                                               TransParamTypes, &TransParams,
+                                               ExtParamInfos))
+    return ExprError();
+
+  for (ParmVarDecl *Param : TransParams)
+    Param->setDeclContext(Body);
+
+  SmallVector<Requirement *, 4> TransReqs;
+  if (getDerived().TransformRequiresExprRequirements(E->getRequirements(),
+                                                     TransReqs))
+    return ExprError();
+
+  for (Requirement *Req : TransReqs)
+    if (auto *ER = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req))
+      if (ER->getReturnTypeRequirement().isTypeConstraint())
+        ER->getReturnTypeRequirement()
+                .getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList()->getParam(0)
+                ->setDeclContext(Body);
+
+  return getDerived().RebuildRequiresExpr(E->getRequiresKWLoc(), Body,
+                                          TransParams, TransReqs,
+                                          E->getRBraceLoc());
+}
+
+template<typename Derived>
+bool TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformRequiresExprRequirements(
+    ArrayRef<Requirement *> Reqs,
+    SmallVectorImpl<Requirement *> &Transformed) {
+  for (Requirement *Req : Reqs) {
+    Requirement *TransReq = nullptr;
+    if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(Req))
+      TransReq = getDerived().TransformTypeRequirement(TypeReq);
+    else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(Req))
+      TransReq = getDerived().TransformExprRequirement(ExprReq);
+    else
+      TransReq = getDerived().TransformNestedRequirement(
+                     cast<NestedRequirement>(Req));
+    if (!TransReq)
+      return true;
+    Transformed.push_back(TransReq);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+template<typename Derived>
+TypeRequirement *
+TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformTypeRequirement(TypeRequirement *Req) {
+  if (Req->isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+    if (getDerived().AlwaysRebuild())
+      return getDerived().RebuildTypeRequirement(
+              Req->getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+    return Req;
+  }
+  TypeSourceInfo *TransType = getDerived().TransformType(Req->getType());
+  if (!TransType)
+    return nullptr;
+  return getDerived().RebuildTypeRequirement(TransType);
+}
+
+template<typename Derived>
+ExprRequirement *
+TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformExprRequirement(ExprRequirement *Req) {
+  llvm::PointerUnion<Expr *, Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *> TransExpr;
+  if (Req->isExprSubstitutionFailure())
+    TransExpr = Req->getExprSubstitutionDiagnostic();
+  else {
+    ExprResult TransExprRes = getDerived().TransformExpr(Req->getExpr());
+    if (TransExprRes.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TransExpr = TransExprRes.get();
+  }
+
+  llvm::Optional<ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement> TransRetReq;
+  const auto &RetReq = Req->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+  if (RetReq.isEmpty())
+    TransRetReq.emplace();
+  else if (RetReq.isSubstitutionFailure())
+    TransRetReq.emplace(RetReq.getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+  else if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType()) {
+    TypeSourceInfo *TransType = getDerived().TransformType(
+        RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType());
+    if (!TransType)
+      return nullptr;
+    TransRetReq.emplace(getSema().Context, TransType);
+  } else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint()) {
+    TemplateParameterList *OrigTPL =
+        RetReq.getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList();
+    TemplateParameterList *TPL =
+        getDerived().TransformTemplateParameterList(OrigTPL);
+    if (!TPL)
+      return nullptr;
+    TransRetReq.emplace(getSema().Context, TPL);
+  }
+  assert(TransRetReq.hasValue() &&
+         "All code paths leading here must set TransRetReq");
+  if (Expr *E = TransExpr.dyn_cast<Expr *>())
+    return getDerived().RebuildExprRequirement(E, Req->isSimple(),
+                                               Req->getNoexceptLoc(),
+                                               std::move(*TransRetReq));
+  return getDerived().RebuildExprRequirement(
+      TransExpr.get<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *>(), Req->isSimple(),
+      Req->getNoexceptLoc(), std::move(*TransRetReq));
+}
+
+template<typename Derived>
+NestedRequirement *
+TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformNestedRequirement(NestedRequirement *Req) {
+  if (Req->isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+    if (getDerived().AlwaysRebuild())
+      return getDerived().RebuildNestedRequirement(
+          Req->getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+    return Req;
+  }
+  ExprResult TransConstraint =
+      getDerived().TransformExpr(Req->getConstraintExpr());
+  if (TransConstraint.isInvalid())
+    return nullptr;
+  return getDerived().RebuildNestedRequirement(TransConstraint.get());
+}
 
 template<typename Derived>
 ExprResult
 TreeTransform<Derived>::TransformArrayTypeTraitExpr(ArrayTypeTraitExpr *E) {
   TypeSourceInfo *T = getDerived().TransformType(E->getQueriedTypeSourceInfo());
   if (!T)
     return ExprError();
 

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTCommon.cpp

bool serialization::isRedeclarableDeclKind(unsigned Kind) {
   case Decl::OMPRequires:
   case Decl::OMPCapturedExpr:
   case Decl::OMPDeclareReduction:
   case Decl::OMPDeclareMapper:
   case Decl::BuiltinTemplate:
   case Decl::Decomposition:
   case Decl::Binding:
   case Decl::Concept:
+  case Decl::RequiresExprBody:
     return false;
 
   // These indirectly derive from Redeclarable<T> but are not actually
   // redeclarable.
   case Decl::ImplicitParam:
   case Decl::ParmVar:
   case Decl::ObjCTypeParam:
     return false;

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTReaderDecl.cpp

public:
     void VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *VD) { VisitVarDeclImpl(VD); }
     void VisitImplicitParamDecl(ImplicitParamDecl *PD);
     void VisitParmVarDecl(ParmVarDecl *PD);
     void VisitDecompositionDecl(DecompositionDecl *DD);
     void VisitBindingDecl(BindingDecl *BD);
     void VisitNonTypeTemplateParmDecl(NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *D);
     DeclID VisitTemplateDecl(TemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitConceptDecl(ConceptDecl *D);
+    void VisitRequiresExprBodyDecl(RequiresExprBodyDecl *D);
     RedeclarableResult VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(RedeclarableTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitClassTemplateDecl(ClassTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitBuiltinTemplateDecl(BuiltinTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitVarTemplateDecl(VarTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FunctionTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitTemplateTemplateParmDecl(TemplateTemplateParmDecl *D);
     void VisitTypeAliasTemplateDecl(TypeAliasTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitUsingDecl(UsingDecl *D);

 }
 
 void ASTDeclReader::VisitConceptDecl(ConceptDecl *D) {
   VisitTemplateDecl(D);
   D->ConstraintExpr = Record.readExpr();
   mergeMergeable(D);
 }
 
+void ASTDeclReader::VisitRequiresExprBodyDecl(RequiresExprBodyDecl *D) {
+}
+
 ASTDeclReader::RedeclarableResult
 ASTDeclReader::VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(RedeclarableTemplateDecl *D) {
   RedeclarableResult Redecl = VisitRedeclarable(D);
 
   // Make sure we've allocated the Common pointer first. We do this before
   // VisitTemplateDecl so that getCommonPtr() can be used during initialization.
   RedeclarableTemplateDecl *CanonD = D->getCanonicalDecl();
   if (!CanonD->Common) {
D = TemplateTemplateParmDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID,
                                                      Record.readInt());
     break;
   case DECL_TYPE_ALIAS_TEMPLATE:
     D = TypeAliasTemplateDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);
     break;
   case DECL_CONCEPT:
     D = ConceptDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);
     break;
+  case DECL_REQUIRES_EXPR_BODY:
+    D = RequiresExprBodyDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);
+    break;
   case DECL_STATIC_ASSERT:
     D = StaticAssertDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);
     break;
   case DECL_OBJC_METHOD:
     D = ObjCMethodDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);
     break;
   case DECL_OBJC_INTERFACE:
     D = ObjCInterfaceDecl::CreateDeserialized(Context, ID);

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTReaderStmt.cpp

if (Record.peekInt() == 0) {
     Record.skipInts(1);
   } else {
     E->setArgument(GetTypeSourceInfo());
   }
   E->setOperatorLoc(ReadSourceLocation());
   E->setRParenLoc(ReadSourceLocation());
 }
 
+static ConstraintSatisfaction
+readConstraintSatisfaction(ASTRecordReader &Record) {
+  ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+  Satisfaction.IsSatisfied = Record.readInt();
+  if (!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+    unsigned NumDetailRecords = Record.readInt();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumDetailRecords; ++i) {
+      Expr *ConstraintExpr = Record.readExpr();
+      if (bool IsDiagnostic = Record.readInt()) {
+        SourceLocation DiagLocation = Record.readSourceLocation();
+        std::string DiagMessage = Record.readString();
+        Satisfaction.Details.emplace_back(
+            ConstraintExpr, new (Record.getContext())
+                                ConstraintSatisfaction::SubstitutionDiagnostic{
+                                    DiagLocation, DiagMessage});
+      } else
+        Satisfaction.Details.emplace_back(ConstraintExpr, Record.readExpr());
+    }
+  }
+  return Satisfaction;
+}
+
 void ASTStmtReader::VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(
         ConceptSpecializationExpr *E) {
   VisitExpr(E);
   unsigned NumTemplateArgs = Record.readInt();
   E->NestedNameSpec = Record.readNestedNameSpecifierLoc();
   E->TemplateKWLoc = Record.readSourceLocation();
   Record.readDeclarationNameInfo(E->ConceptName);
   E->FoundDecl = ReadDeclAs<NamedDecl>();
   E->NamedConcept = ReadDeclAs<ConceptDecl>();
   const ASTTemplateArgumentListInfo *ArgsAsWritten =
       Record.readASTTemplateArgumentListInfo();
   llvm::SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Args;
   for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumTemplateArgs; ++I)
     Args.push_back(Record.readTemplateArgument());
   E->setTemplateArguments(ArgsAsWritten, Args);
-  ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
-  Satisfaction.IsSatisfied = Record.readInt();
-  if (!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
-    unsigned NumDetailRecords = Record.readInt();
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumDetailRecords; ++i) {
-      Expr *ConstraintExpr = Record.readExpr();
-      bool IsDiagnostic = Record.readInt();
-      if (IsDiagnostic) {
-        SourceLocation DiagLocation = Record.readSourceLocation();
-        std::string DiagMessage = Record.readString();
-        Satisfaction.Details.emplace_back(
-            ConstraintExpr, new (Record.getContext())
-                                ConstraintSatisfaction::SubstitutionDiagnostic{
-                                    DiagLocation, DiagMessage});
-      } else
-        Satisfaction.Details.emplace_back(ConstraintExpr, Record.readExpr());
-    }
+  E->Satisfaction =
+      ASTConstraintSatisfaction::Create(Record.getContext(),
+                                        readConstraintSatisfaction(Record));
+}
+
+static Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *
+readSubstitutionDiagnostic(ASTRecordReader &Record) {
+  std::string SubstitutedEntity = Record.readString();
+  SourceLocation DiagLoc = Record.readSourceLocation();
+  return new (Record.getContext()) Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic{
+                                    SubstitutedEntity, DiagLoc, DiagMessage};
+
+void ASTStmtReader::VisitRequiresExpr(RequiresExpr *E) {
+  VisitExpr(E);
+  unsigned NumLocalParameters = Record.readInt();
+  unsigned NumRequirements = Record.readInt();
+  E->RequiresExprBits.RequiresKWLoc = Record.readSourceLocation();
+  E->RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied = Record.readInt();
+  E->Body = Record.readDeclAs<RequiresExprBodyDecl>();
+  llvm::SmallVector<ParmVarDecl *, 4> LocalParameters;
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumLocalParameters; ++i)
+    LocalParameters.push_back(cast<ParmVarDecl>(Record.readDecl()));
+  std::copy(LocalParameters.begin(), LocalParameters.end(),
+            E->getTrailingObjects<ParmVarDecl *>());
+  llvm::SmallVector<Requirement *, 4> Requirements;
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumRequirements; ++i) {
+    auto RK = static_cast<Requirement::RequirementKind>(Record.readInt());
+    Requirement *R = nullptr;
+    switch (RK) {
+      case Requirement::RK_Type: {
+        auto Status =
+            static_cast<TypeRequirement::SatisfactionStatus>(Record.readInt());
+        if (Status == TypeRequirement::SS_SubstitutionFailure)
+          R = new (Record.getContext()) TypeRequirement(
+              readSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record));
+        else
+          R = new (Record.getContext()) TypeRequirement(
+              Record.getTypeSourceInfo());
+      } break;
+      case Requirement::RK_Simple:
+      case Requirement::RK_Compound: {
+        auto Status =
+            static_cast<ExprRequirement::SatisfactionStatus >(Record.readInt());
+        llvm::PointerUnion<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *,
+                           Expr *> E;
+        if (Status == ExprRequirement::SS_ExprSubstitutionFailure) {
+          E = readSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record);
+        } else
+          E = Record.readExpr();
+
+        llvm::Optional<ExprRequirement::ReturnTypeRequirement> Req;
+        SourceLocation NoexceptLoc;
+        if (RK == Requirement::RK_Simple) {
+          Req.emplace();
+        } else {
+          NoexceptLoc = Record.readSourceLocation();
+          switch (auto returnTypeRequirementKind = Record.readInt()) {
+            case 0:
+              // No return type requirement.
+              Req.emplace();
+              break;
+            case 1: {
+              // trailing-return-type
+              TypeSourceInfo *ExpectedType = Record.getTypeSourceInfo();
+              Req.emplace(Record.getContext(), ExpectedType);
+            } break;
+            case 2: {
+              // type-constraint
+              TemplateParameterList *TPL = Record.readTemplateParameterList();
+              ConceptSpecializationExpr *CSE = nullptr;
+              if (Status >= ExprRequirement::SS_ConstraintsNotSatisfied)
+                CSE = cast<ConceptSpecializationExpr>(Record.readExpr());
+              if (CSE)
+                Req.emplace(Record.getContext(), TPL, CSE);
+            } break;
+            case 3: {
+              // Substitution failure
+              Req.emplace(readSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record));
+            } break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (Req) {
+          if (Expr *Ex = E.dyn_cast<Expr *>())
+            R = new (Record.getContext()) ExprRequirement(Ex,
+                    RK == Requirement::RK_Simple, NoexceptLoc, std::move(*Req),
+                    Status);
+          else
+            R = new (Record.getContext()) ExprRequirement(
+                    E.get<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *>(),
+                    RK == Requirement::RK_Simple, NoexceptLoc, std::move(*Req));
+        }
+      } break;
+      case Requirement::RK_Nested: {
+        if (bool IsSubstitutionDiagnostic = Record.readInt()) {
+          R = new (Record.getContext()) NestedRequirement(
+              readSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record));
+          break;
         }
-  E->Satisfaction = ASTConstraintSatisfaction::Create(Record.getContext(),
-                                                      Satisfaction);
+        Expr *E = Record.readExpr();
+        if (E->isInstantiationDependent())
+          R = new (Record.getContext()) NestedRequirement(E);
+        else
+          R = new (Record.getContext()) NestedRequirement(Record.getContext(),
+              E, readConstraintSatisfaction(Record));
+      } break;
+    }
+    if (!R)
+      continue;
+    Requirements.push_back(R);
+  }
+  std::copy(Requirements.begin(), Requirements.end(),
+            E->getTrailingObjects<Requirement *>());
+  E->RBraceLoc = Record.readSourceLocation();
 }
 
 void ASTStmtReader::VisitArraySubscriptExpr(ArraySubscriptExpr *E) {
   VisitExpr(E);
   E->setLHS(Record.readSubExpr());
   E->setRHS(Record.readSubExpr());
   E->setRBracketLoc(ReadSourceLocation());
 }

     case EXPR_COYIELD:
       S = new (Context) CoyieldExpr(Empty);
       break;
 
     case EXPR_DEPENDENT_COAWAIT:
       S = new (Context) DependentCoawaitExpr(Empty);
       break;
 
-    case EXPR_CONCEPT_SPECIALIZATION:
+    case EXPR_CONCEPT_SPECIALIZATION: {
       unsigned numTemplateArgs = Record[ASTStmtReader::NumExprFields];
       S = ConceptSpecializationExpr::Create(Context, Empty, numTemplateArgs);
       break;
-      
+    }
+    case EXPR_REQUIRES:
+      unsigned numLocalParameters = Record[ASTStmtReader::NumExprFields];
+      unsigned numRequirement = Record[ASTStmtReader::NumExprFields + 1];
+      S = RequiresExpr::Create(Context, Empty, numLocalParameters,
+                               numRequirement);
+      break;
     }
 
     // We hit a STMT_STOP, so we're done with this expression.
     if (Finished)
       break;
 
     ++NumStatementsRead;
 

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTWriter.cpp

#define RECORD(X) EmitRecordID(X, #X, Stream, Record)
   RECORD(DECL_VAR_TEMPLATE);
   RECORD(DECL_VAR_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION);
   RECORD(DECL_VAR_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION);
   RECORD(DECL_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE);
   RECORD(DECL_TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM);
   RECORD(DECL_NON_TYPE_TEMPLATE_PARM);
   RECORD(DECL_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM);
   RECORD(DECL_CONCEPT);
+  RECORD(DECL_REQUIRES_EXPR_BODY);
   RECORD(DECL_TYPE_ALIAS_TEMPLATE);
   RECORD(DECL_STATIC_ASSERT);
   RECORD(DECL_CXX_BASE_SPECIFIERS);
   RECORD(DECL_CXX_CTOR_INITIALIZERS);
   RECORD(DECL_INDIRECTFIELD);
   RECORD(DECL_EXPANDED_NON_TYPE_TEMPLATE_PARM_PACK);
   RECORD(DECL_EXPANDED_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_PACK);
   RECORD(DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_FUNCTION_SPECIALIZATION);

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTWriterDecl.cpp

public:
     void VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *D);
     void VisitImplicitParamDecl(ImplicitParamDecl *D);
     void VisitParmVarDecl(ParmVarDecl *D);
     void VisitDecompositionDecl(DecompositionDecl *D);
     void VisitBindingDecl(BindingDecl *D);
     void VisitNonTypeTemplateParmDecl(NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *D);
     void VisitTemplateDecl(TemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitConceptDecl(ConceptDecl *D);
+    void VisitRequiresExprBodyDecl(RequiresExprBodyDecl *D);
     void VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(RedeclarableTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitClassTemplateDecl(ClassTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitVarTemplateDecl(VarTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FunctionTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitTemplateTemplateParmDecl(TemplateTemplateParmDecl *D);
     void VisitTypeAliasTemplateDecl(TypeAliasTemplateDecl *D);
     void VisitUsingDecl(UsingDecl *D);
     void VisitUsingPackDecl(UsingPackDecl *D);

 }
 
 void ASTDeclWriter::VisitConceptDecl(ConceptDecl *D) {
   VisitTemplateDecl(D);
   Record.AddStmt(D->getConstraintExpr());
   Code = serialization::DECL_CONCEPT;
 }
 
+void ASTDeclWriter::VisitRequiresExprBodyDecl(RequiresExprBodyDecl *D) {
+  Code = serialization::DECL_REQUIRES_EXPR_BODY;
+}
+
 void ASTDeclWriter::VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(RedeclarableTemplateDecl *D) {
   VisitRedeclarable(D);
 
   // Emit data to initialize CommonOrPrev before VisitTemplateDecl so that
   // getCommonPtr() can be used while this is still initializing.
   if (D->isFirstDecl()) {
     // This declaration owns the 'common' pointer, so serialize that data now.
     Record.AddDeclRef(D->getInstantiatedFromMemberTemplate());

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTWriterStmt.cpp

 //===--- ASTWriterStmt.cpp - Statement and Expression Serialization -------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 ///
 /// \file
 /// Implements serialization for Statements and Expressions.
 ///
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+#include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
 #include "clang/Serialization/ASTWriter.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
 #include "clang/Lex/Token.h"
 #include "llvm/Bitstream/BitstreamWriter.h"

 void ASTStmtWriter::VisitDependentCoawaitExpr(DependentCoawaitExpr *E) {
   VisitExpr(E);
   Record.AddSourceLocation(E->getKeywordLoc());
   for (Stmt *S : E->children())
     Record.AddStmt(S);
   Code = serialization::EXPR_DEPENDENT_COAWAIT;
 }
 
-void ASTStmtWriter::VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(
-        ConceptSpecializationExpr *E) {
-  VisitExpr(E);
-  ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs = E->getTemplateArguments();
-  Record.push_back(TemplateArgs.size());
-  Record.AddNestedNameSpecifierLoc(E->getNestedNameSpecifierLoc());
-  Record.AddSourceLocation(E->getTemplateKWLoc());
-  Record.AddDeclarationNameInfo(E->getConceptNameInfo());
-  Record.AddDeclRef(E->getFoundDecl());
-  Record.AddDeclRef(E->getNamedConcept());
-  Record.AddASTTemplateArgumentListInfo(E->getTemplateArgsAsWritten());
-  for (const TemplateArgument &Arg : TemplateArgs)
-    Record.AddTemplateArgument(Arg);
-  const ASTConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction = E->getSatisfaction();
+static void
+addConstraintSatisfaction(ASTRecordWriter &Record,
+                          const ASTConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction) {
   Record.push_back(Satisfaction.IsSatisfied);
   if (!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
     Record.push_back(Satisfaction.NumRecords);
     for (const auto &DetailRecord : Satisfaction) {
       Record.AddStmt(const_cast<Expr *>(DetailRecord.first));
       auto *E = DetailRecord.second.dyn_cast<Expr *>();
       Record.push_back(E == nullptr);
       if (E)
         Record.AddStmt(E);
       else {
         auto *Diag = DetailRecord.second.get<std::pair<SourceLocation,
                                                        StringRef> *>();
         Record.AddSourceLocation(Diag->first);
         Record.AddString(Diag->second);
       }
     }
   }
+}
+
+static void
+addSubstitutionDiagnostic(ASTRecordWriter &Record,
+                          const Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *D) {
+  Record.AddString(D->SubstitutedEntity);
+  Record.AddSourceLocation(D->DiagLoc);
+  Record.AddString(D->DiagMessage);
+}
+
+void ASTStmtWriter::VisitConceptSpecializationExpr(
+        ConceptSpecializationExpr *E) {
+  VisitExpr(E);
+  ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs = E->getTemplateArguments();
+  Record.push_back(TemplateArgs.size());
+  Record.AddNestedNameSpecifierLoc(E->getNestedNameSpecifierLoc());
+  Record.AddSourceLocation(E->getTemplateKWLoc());
+  Record.AddDeclarationNameInfo(E->getConceptNameInfo());
+  Record.AddDeclRef(E->getFoundDecl());
+  Record.AddDeclRef(E->getNamedConcept());
+  Record.AddASTTemplateArgumentListInfo(E->getTemplateArgsAsWritten());
+  for (const TemplateArgument &Arg : TemplateArgs)
+    Record.AddTemplateArgument(Arg);
+  addConstraintSatisfaction(Record, E->getSatisfaction());
 
   Code = serialization::EXPR_CONCEPT_SPECIALIZATION;
 }
 
+void ASTStmtWriter::VisitRequiresExpr(RequiresExpr *E) {
+  VisitExpr(E);
+  Record.push_back(E->getLocalParameters().size());
+  Record.push_back(E->getRequirements().size());
+  Record.AddSourceLocation(E->RequiresExprBits.RequiresKWLoc);
+  Record.push_back(E->RequiresExprBits.IsSatisfied);
+  Record.AddDeclRef(E->getBody());
+  for (ParmVarDecl *P : E->getLocalParameters())
+    Record.AddDeclRef(P);
+  for (Requirement *R : E->getRequirements()) {
+    if (auto *TypeReq = dyn_cast<TypeRequirement>(R)) {
+      Record.push_back(Requirement::RK_Type);
+      Record.push_back(TypeReq->Status);
+      if (TypeReq->Status == TypeRequirement::SS_SubstitutionFailure)
+        addSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record, TypeReq->getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+      else
+        Record.AddTypeSourceInfo(TypeReq->getType());
+    } else if (auto *ExprReq = dyn_cast<ExprRequirement>(R)) {
+      Record.push_back(ExprReq->getKind());
+      Record.push_back(ExprReq->Status);
+      if (ExprReq->isExprSubstitutionFailure()) {
+        addSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record,
+            ExprReq->Value.get<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *>());
+      } else
+        Record.AddStmt(ExprReq->Value.get<Expr *>());
+      if (ExprReq->getKind() == Requirement::RK_Compound) {
+        Record.AddSourceLocation(ExprReq->NoexceptLoc);
+        const auto &RetReq = ExprReq->getReturnTypeRequirement();
+        if (RetReq.isSubstitutionFailure()) {
+          Record.push_back(3);
+          addSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record, RetReq.getSubstitutionDiagnostic());
+        } else if (RetReq.isTrailingReturnType()) {
+          Record.push_back(1);
+          Record.AddTypeSourceInfo(RetReq.getTrailingReturnTypeExpectedType());
+        } else if (RetReq.isTypeConstraint()) {
+          Record.push_back(2);
+          Record.AddTemplateParameterList(
+              RetReq.getTypeConstraintTemplateParameterList());
+          if (ExprReq->Status >= ExprRequirement::SS_ConstraintsNotSatisfied)
+            Record.AddStmt(
+                RetReq.Value.get<ExprRequirement::
+                                 ReturnTypeRequirement::
+                                 TypeConstraintRequirement *>()->second);
+        } else {
+          assert(RetReq.isEmpty());
+          Record.push_back(0);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto *NestedReq = cast<NestedRequirement>(R);
+      Record.push_back(Requirement::RK_Nested);
+
+      if (auto *SubstDiag =
+            NestedReq->Value.dyn_cast<Requirement::SubstitutionDiagnostic *>()){
+        addSubstitutionDiagnostic(Record, SubstDiag);
+      } else {
+        Record.AddStmt(NestedReq->Value.get<Expr *>());
+        if (!NestedReq->isDependent())
+          addConstraintSatisfaction(Record, *NestedReq->Satisfaction);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  Record.AddSourceLocation(E->getEndLoc());
+
+  Code = serialization::EXPR_REQUIRES;
+}
+
 
 void ASTStmtWriter::VisitCapturedStmt(CapturedStmt *S) {
   VisitStmt(S);
   // NumCaptures
   Record.push_back(std::distance(S->capture_begin(), S->capture_end()));
 
   // CapturedDecl and captured region kind
   Record.AddDeclRef(S->getCapturedDecl());

clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/ExprEngine.cpp

switch (S->getStmtClass()) {
     case Stmt::ParenListExprClass:
     case Stmt::ShuffleVectorExprClass:
     case Stmt::ConvertVectorExprClass:
     case Stmt::VAArgExprClass:
     case Stmt::CUDAKernelCallExprClass:
     case Stmt::OpaqueValueExprClass:
     case Stmt::AsTypeExprClass:
     case Stmt::ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+    case Stmt::RequiresExprClass:
       // Fall through.
 
     // Cases we intentionally don't evaluate, since they don't need
     // to be explicitly evaluated.
     case Stmt::PredefinedExprClass:
     case Stmt::AddrLabelExprClass:
     case Stmt::AttributedStmtClass:
     case Stmt::IntegerLiteralClass:

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/compound-requirement.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+static_assert(requires { { 0 }; });
+static_assert(requires { { "aaaa" }; });
+static_assert(requires { { (0).da }; }); // expected-error{{member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union}}
+
+void foo() {}
+static_assert(requires { { foo() }; });
+
+// Substitution failure in expression
+
+struct A {};
+struct B {
+    B operator+(const B &other) const { return other; }
+};
+struct C {
+    C operator+(C &other) const { return other; }
+};
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T a, const T& b) { { a + b }; } // expected-note{{because 'a + b' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('A' and 'const A')}} expected-note{{because 'a + b' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('C' and 'const C')}}
+struct r1 {};
+
+using r1i1 = r1<int>;
+using r1i2 = r1<A>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = A]}}
+using r1i3 = r1<B>;
+using r1i4 = r1<C>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = C]}}
+
+struct D { void foo() {} };
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T a) { { a.foo() }; } // expected-note{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: no member named 'foo' in 'A'}} expected-note{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union}} expected-note{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: 'this' argument to member function 'foo' has type 'const D', but function is not marked const}}
+struct r2 {};
+
+using r2i1 = r2<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = int]}}
+using r2i2 = r2<A>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = A]}}
+using r2i3 = r2<D>;
+using r2i4 = r2<const D>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = const D]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) }; } // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(T)' would be invalid: invalid application of 'sizeof' to an incomplete type 'void'}} expected-note{{because 'sizeof(T)' would be invalid: invalid application of 'sizeof' to an incomplete type 'nonexistent'}}
+struct r3 {};
+
+using r3i1 = r3<int>;
+using r3i2 = r3<A>;
+using r3i3 = r3<A &>;
+using r3i4 = r3<void>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = void]}}
+using r3i4 = r3<class nonexistent>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = nonexistent]}}
+
+// Non-dependent expressions
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { 0 }; { "a" }; { (void)'a' }; }
+struct r4 {};
+
+using r4i1 = r4<int>;
+using r4i2 = r4<int[10]>;
+using r4i3 = r4<int(int)>;
+
+// Noexcept requirement
+void maythrow() { }
+static_assert(!requires { { maythrow() } noexcept; });
+static_assert(requires { { 1 } noexcept; });
+
+struct E { void operator++(int) noexcept; };
+struct F { void operator++(int); };
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t++ } noexcept; } // expected-note{{because 't ++' may throw an exception}}
+struct r5 {};
+
+using r5i1 = r5<int>;
+using r5i2 = r5<E>;
+using r5i2 = r5<F>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r5' [with T = F]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t.foo() } noexcept; } // expected-note{{because 't.foo()' would be invalid: no member named 'foo' in 'E'}}
+struct r6 {};
+
+using r6i = r6<E>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r6' [with T = E]}}
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+concept Same = is_same_v<T, U>;
+
+template<typename T>
+concept Large = sizeof(T) >= 4; // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(short) >= 4' (2 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t } -> Large; } // expected-note{{because expression type 'short' does not satisfy 'Large':}}
+struct r7 {};
+
+using r7i1 = r7<int>;
+using r7i2 = r7<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with T = short]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t } -> Same<T>; }
+struct r8 {};
+
+using r8i1 = r8<int>;
+using r8i2 = r8<short*>;
+
+// Substitution failure in type constraint
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t } -> Same<typename T::type>; } // expected-note{{because 'Same<expr-type, typename T::type>' would be invalid: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
+struct r9 {};
+
+struct M { using type = M; };
+
+using r9i1 = r9<M>;
+using r9i2 = r9<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r9' [with T = int]}}
+
+// Substitution failure in both expression and return type requirement
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t.foo() } -> Same<typename T::type>; } // expected-note{{because 't.foo()' would be invalid: member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union}}
+struct r10 {};
+
+using r10i = r10<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r10' [with T = int]}}
+
+// Non-type concept in type constraint
+
+template<int T>
+concept IsEven = (T % 2) == 0;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { { t } -> IsEven; } // expected-error{{concept named in type constraint must be a type concept}}
+struct r11 {};
+
+// C++ [expr.prim.req.compound] Example
+namespace std_example {
+  template<typename T> concept C1 =
+    requires(T x) {
+      {x++};
+    };
+
+  template<typename T, typename U> constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+  template<typename T> constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+  template<typename T, typename U> concept same_as = is_same_v<T, U>;
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'is_same_v<int, int *>' evaluated to false}}
+
+  static_assert(C1<int>);
+  static_assert(C1<int*>);
+  template<C1 T> struct C1_check {};
+  using c1c1 = C1_check<int>;
+  using c1c2 = C1_check<int[10]>;
+
+  template<typename T> concept C2 =
+    requires(T x) {
+      {*x} -> same_as<typename T::inner>;
+      // expected-note@-1{{because type constraint 'same_as<int, typename T2::inner>' was not satisfied:}}
+      // expected-note@-2{{because '*x' would be invalid: indirection requires pointer operand ('int' invalid)}}
+    };
+
+  struct T1 {
+    using inner = int;
+    inner operator *() { return 0; }
+  };
+  struct T2 {
+    using inner = int *;
+    int operator *() { return 0; }
+  };
+  static_assert(C2<T1>);
+  template<C2 T> struct C2_check {}; // expected-note{{because 'int' does not satisfy 'C2'}} expected-note{{because 'std_example::T2' does not satisfy 'C2'}}
+  using c2c1 = C2_check<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C2_check' [with T = int]}}
+  using c2c2 = C2_check<T2>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C2_check' [with T = std_example::T2]}}
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void g(T t) noexcept(sizeof(T) == 1) {}
+
+  template<typename T> concept C5 =
+    requires(T x) {
+      {g(x)} noexcept; // expected-note{{because 'g(x)' may throw an exception}}
+    };
+
+  static_assert(C5<char>);
+  template<C5 T> struct C5_check {}; // expected-note{{because 'short' does not satisfy 'C5'}}
+  using c5 = C5_check<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C5_check' [with T = short]}}
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/equivalence.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+template<typename T, typename U> constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+template<typename T> constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+template<typename T> struct identity { using type = T; };
+template<typename T> using identity_t = T;
+
+// Type requirements
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename identity_t<T>; }
+struct r1;
+template<typename U> requires requires { typename identity_t<U>; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r1;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename identity_t<T*>; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r1;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename ::identity_t<T>; }
+struct r1;
+
+template<typename Y> requires requires { typename identity<Y>::type; }
+struct r2;
+template<typename U> requires requires { typename identity<U>::type; }
+struct r2;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename ::identity<T>::type; } // expected-note 2{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r2;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename identity<T>::typr; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r2;
+namespace ns {
+  template<typename T> struct identity { using type = T; };
+}
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename ns::identity<T>::type; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r2;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename T::template identity<T>::type; }
+struct r3;
+template<typename U> requires requires { typename U::template identity<U>::type; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r3;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename T::template identitr<T>::type; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r3;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename T::template temp<>; }
+struct r4;
+template<typename U> requires requires { typename U::template temp<>; }
+struct r4;
+
+// Expr requirements
+template<typename T> requires requires { 0; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r5;
+template<typename T> requires requires { 1; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r5;
+
+template<typename T>
+concept C1 = true;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { sizeof(T); }
+struct r6;
+template<typename U> requires requires { sizeof(U); } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r6;
+template<typename U> requires requires { sizeof(U) - 1; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r6;
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) }; } // expected-note 2{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r6;
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } noexcept; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r6;
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } -> C1; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r6;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } -> C1; }
+struct r7;
+template<typename U> requires requires { { sizeof(U) } -> C1; }
+struct r7;
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } -> C1<>; } // expected-note {{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r7;
+template<typename U> requires requires { { sizeof(U) }; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r7;
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+concept C2 = true;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } -> C2<T>; }
+struct r8;
+template<typename U> requires requires { { sizeof(U) } -> C2<U>; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r8;
+template<typename T> requires requires { { sizeof(T) } -> C2<T*>; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r8;
+
+// Nested requirements
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires sizeof(T) == 0; }
+struct r9;
+template<typename U> requires requires { requires sizeof(U) == 0; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r9;
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires sizeof(T) == 1; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r9;
+
+// Parameter list
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires true; }
+struct r10;
+template<typename T> requires requires() { requires true; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r10;
+template<typename T> requires requires(T i) { requires true; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r10;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires(T i, T *j) { requires true; } // expected-note 2{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r11;
+template<typename T> requires requires(T i) { requires true; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r11;
+template<typename T> requires requires(T i, T *j, T &k) { requires true; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r11;
+
+// Parameter names
+template<typename T> requires requires(int i) { requires sizeof(i) == 1; }
+struct r12;
+template<typename T> requires requires(int j) { requires sizeof(j) == 1; } // expected-note 2{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r12;
+template<typename T> requires requires(int k) { requires sizeof(k) == 2; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r12;
+template<typename T> requires requires(const int k) { requires sizeof(k) == 1; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r12;
+
+// Order of requirements
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires true; 0; }
+struct r13;
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires true; 0; } // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+struct r13;
+template<typename T> requires requires { 0; requires true; } // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+struct r13;

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/nested-requirement.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+static_assert(requires { requires true; });
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires false; } // expected-note{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+struct r1 {};
+
+using r1i = r1<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { requires sizeof(T) == 0; } // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) == 0' (4 == 0) evaluated to false}}
+struct r2 {};
+
+using r2i = r2<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { requires sizeof(t) == 0; } // expected-note{{because 'sizeof (t) == 0' (4 == 0) evaluated to false}}
+struct r3 {};
+
+using r3i = r3<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T>
+struct X {
+    template<typename U> requires requires (U u) { requires sizeof(u) == sizeof(T); } // expected-note{{because 'sizeof (u) == sizeof(T)' would be invalid: invalid application of 'sizeof' to an incomplete type 'void'}}
+    struct r4 {};
+};
+
+using r4i = X<void>::r4<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r4' [with U = int]}}
+
+// C++ [expr.prim.req.nested] Examples
+namespace std_example {
+  template<typename U> concept C1 = sizeof(U) == 1; // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) == 1' (4 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+  template<typename T> concept D =
+    requires (T t) {
+      requires C1<decltype (+t)>; // expected-note{{because 'decltype(+t)' (aka 'int') does not satisfy 'C1'}}
+  };
+
+  struct T1 { char operator+() { return 'a'; } };
+  static_assert(D<T1>);
+  template<D T> struct D_check {}; // expected-note{{because 'short' does not satisfy 'D'}}
+  using dc1 = D_check<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'D_check' [with T = short]}}
+
+  template<typename T>
+  concept C2 = requires (T a) { // expected-note{{'a' declared here}}
+      requires sizeof(a) == 4; // OK
+      requires a == 0; // expected-error{{constraint variable 'a' cannot be used in an evaluated context}}
+    };
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/p3.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+// Examples from standard
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+concept convertible_to = requires(T t) { U(t); };
+
+template<typename T>
+concept R = requires (T i) {
+  typename T::type;
+  {*i} -> convertible_to<const typename T::type&>;
+};
+
+template<typename T> requires R<T> struct S {};
+
+struct T {
+  using type = int;
+  type i;
+  const type &operator*() { return i; }
+};
+
+using si = S<T>;
+
+template<typename T>
+requires requires (T x) { x + x; } // expected-note{{because 'x + x' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('T' and 'T')}}
+T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } // expected-note{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = T]}}
+
+int x = add(1, 2);
+int y = add(T{}, T{}); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'add'}}
+
+template<typename T>
+concept C = requires (T x) { x + x; }; // expected-note{{because 'x + x' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('T' and 'T')}}
+template<typename T> requires C<T> // expected-note{{because 'T' does not satisfy 'C'}}
+T add2(T a, T b) { return a + b; } // expected-note{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = T]}}
+
+int z = add2(1, 2);
+int w = add2(T{}, T{}); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'add2'}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/requires-expr.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+using A = int;
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+concept same_as = is_same_v<T, U>;
+
+static_assert(requires { requires true; 0; typename A;
+                         { 0 } -> same_as<int>; });
+static_assert(is_same_v<bool, decltype(requires { requires false; })>);
+
+// Check that requires expr is an unevaluated context.
+struct Y {
+  int i;
+  static constexpr bool r = requires { i; };
+};
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) {
+  requires false; // expected-note{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  requires false;
+  requires requires {
+    requires false;
+  };
+}
+struct r1 { };
+
+using r1i = r1<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) {
+  requires requires {
+    requires false; // expected-note{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  };
+}
+struct r2 { };
+
+using r2i = r2<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) {
+  requires requires {
+    requires true;
+  };
+  requires true;
+  requires requires {
+    requires false; // expected-note{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  };
+}
+struct r3 { };
+
+using r3i = r3<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T>
+struct S { static const int s = T::value; };
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { T::value; S<T>::s; }
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'T::value' would be invalid: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
+struct r4 { };
+
+using r4i = r4<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r4' [with T = int]}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/simple-requirement.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+static_assert(requires { 0; });
+static_assert(requires { "aaaa"; });
+static_assert(requires { (0).da; }); // expected-error{{member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union}}
+
+struct A {};
+struct B {
+    B operator+(const B &other) const { return other; }
+};
+struct C {
+    C operator+(C &other) const { return other; }
+};
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T a, const T& b) { a + b; }
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'a + b' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('A' and 'const A')}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'a + b' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('C' and 'const C')}}
+struct r1 {};
+
+using r1i1 = r1<int>;
+using r1i2 = r1<A>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = A]}}
+using r1i3 = r1<B>;
+using r1i4 = r1<C>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = C]}}
+
+struct D { void foo() {} };
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T a) { a.foo(); }
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: no member named 'foo' in 'A'}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union}}
+// expected-note@-3{{because 'a.foo()' would be invalid: 'this' argument to member function 'foo' has type 'const D', but function is not marked const}}
+struct r2 {};
+
+using r2i1 = r2<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = int]}}
+using r2i2 = r2<A>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = A]}}
+using r2i3 = r2<D>;
+using r2i4 = r2<const D>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = const D]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { sizeof(T); }
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'sizeof(T)' would be invalid: invalid application of 'sizeof' to an incomplete type 'void'}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'sizeof(T)' would be invalid: invalid application of 'sizeof' to an incomplete type 'nonexistent'}}
+struct r3 {};
+
+using r3i1 = r3<int>;
+using r3i2 = r3<A>;
+using r3i3 = r3<A &>;
+using r3i4 = r3<void>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = void]}}
+using r3i4 = r3<class nonexistent>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with T = nonexistent]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires (T t) { 0; "a"; (void)'a'; }
+struct r4 {};
+
+using r4i1 = r4<int>;
+using r4i2 = r4<int[10]>;
+using r4i3 = r4<int(int)>;
+
+template<class T> void f(T) = delete;
+template<class T> requires (sizeof(T) == 1) void f(T) { }
+
+template<typename T> requires requires(T t) { f(t); }
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'f(t)' would be invalid: call to deleted function 'f'}}
+struct r5 {};
+
+using r5i1 = r5<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r5' [with T = int]}}
+using r5i2 = r5<char>;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct E {
+  struct non_default_constructible { non_default_constructible(T t) { } };
+};
+
+template<typename T> requires requires(T t) { typename E<T>::non_default_constructible{}; }
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'typename E<T>::non_default_constructible({})' would be invalid: no matching constructor for initialization of 'typename E<int>::non_default_constructible'}}
+struct r6 {};
+
+using r6i1 = r6<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r6' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires(T t) { typename E<T>::non_default_constructible(); }
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'typename E<T>::non_default_constructible()' would be invalid: no matching constructor for initialization of 'typename E<int>::non_default_constructible'}}
+struct r7 {};
+
+using r7i1 = r7<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with T = int]}}
+
+// C++ [expr.prim.req.simple] Example
+namespace std_example {
+  template<typename T> concept C =
+    requires (T a, T b) { // expected-note{{because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed: argument may not have 'void' type}}
+      a + b; // expected-note{{because 'a + b' would be invalid: invalid operands to binary expression ('int *' and 'int *')}}
+    };
+
+  static_assert(C<int>);
+  template<C T> struct C_check {}; // expected-note{{because 'void' does not satisfy 'C'}} expected-note{{because 'int *' does not satisfy 'C'}}
+  using c1c1 = C_check<void>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C_check' [with T = void]}}
+  using c1c2 = C_check<int *>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C_check' [with T = int *]}}
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/concepts-ts/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.req/type-requirement.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+using A = int;
+
+template<typename T> using identity_t = T; // expected-note 4{{template is declared here}}}
+
+template<typename T> struct identity { using type = T; };
+// expected-note@-1 2{{template is declared here}}
+
+struct C {};
+
+struct D { static int type; }; // expected-note{{referenced member 'type' is declared here}}
+
+// Basic unqualified and global-qualified lookups
+
+static_assert(requires { typename A; typename ::A; });
+static_assert(requires { typename identity_t<A>; typename ::identity_t<A>; });
+static_assert(!requires { typename identity_t<A, A>; }); // expected-error{{too many template arguments for alias template 'identity_t'}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename ::identity_t<A, A>; }); // expected-error{{too many template arguments for alias template 'identity_t'}}
+static_assert(requires { typename identity<A>; });
+static_assert(!requires { typename identity; });
+// expected-error@-1 {{use of class template 'identity' requires template arguments; argument deduction not allowed here}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename ::identity; });
+// expected-error@-1 {{use of class template 'identity' requires template arguments; argument deduction not allowed here}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename identity_t; });
+// expected-error@-1 {{use of alias template 'identity_t' requires template arguments; argument deduction not allowed here}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename ::identity_t; });
+// expected-error@-1 {{use of alias template 'identity_t' requires template arguments; argument deduction not allowed here}}
+
+namespace ns {
+  using B = int;
+  int C = 0;
+  // expected-note@-1 {{struct 'C' is hidden by a non-type declaration of 'C' here}}
+  static_assert(requires { typename A; typename B; typename ::A; });
+  static_assert(!requires { typename ns::A; }); // expected-error{{no type named 'A' in namespace 'ns'}}
+  static_assert(!requires { typename ::B; }); // expected-error{{no type named 'B' in the global namespace}}
+  static_assert(requires { typename C; });
+  // expected-error@-1 {{must use 'struct' tag to refer to type 'C' in this scope}}
+}
+
+// member type lookups
+
+static_assert(requires { typename identity<int>::type; typename ::identity<int>::type; });
+static_assert(!requires { typename identity<int>::typr; }); // expected-error{{no type named 'typr' in 'identity<int>'}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename ::identity<int>::typr; }); // expected-error{{no type named 'typr' in 'identity<int>'}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename T::type; }
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'typename T::type' would be invalid: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{because 'typename T::type' would be invalid: no type named 'type' in 'C'}}
+// expected-note@-3 {{because 'typename T::type' would be invalid: typename specifier refers to non-type member 'type' in 'D'}}
+// expected-note@-4 {{in instantiation of template class 'invalid<D>' requested here}}
+// expected-note@-5 {{in instantiation of requirement here}}
+// expected-note@-6 {{while substituting template arguments into constraint expression here}}
+// expected-note@-7 {{because 'typename T::type' would be invalid}}
+struct r1 {};
+
+using r1i1 = r1<identity<int>>;
+using r1i2 = r1<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+using r1i3 = r1<C>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = C]}}
+using r1i4 = r1<D>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = D]}}
+
+template<typename T> struct invalid { typename T::type x; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{typename specifier refers to non-type member 'type' in 'D'}}
+using r1i5 = r1<invalid<D>>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = invalid<D>]}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{while checking constraint satisfaction for template 'r1<invalid<D> >' required here}}
+
+// mismatching template arguments
+
+template<typename... Ts> requires requires { typename identity<Ts...>; } // expected-note{{because 'identity<Ts...>' would be invalid: too many template arguments for class template 'identity'}}
+struct r2 {};
+
+using r2i1 = r2<int>;
+using r2i2 = r2<void>;
+using r2i3 = r2<int, int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with Ts = <int, int>]}}
+
+namespace ns2 {
+  template<typename T, typename U> struct identity {};
+
+  template<typename... Ts> requires requires { typename identity<Ts...>; } // expected-note 2{{because 'identity<Ts...>' would be invalid: too few template arguments for class template 'identity'}}
+  struct r4 {};
+
+  using r4i1 = r4<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r4' [with Ts = <int>]}}
+}
+
+using r4i2 = ns2::r4<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r4' [with Ts = <int>]}}
+
+using E = int;
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename E<T>; } // expected-error{{expected ';' at end of requirement}}
+struct r5v1 {};
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename ::E<T>; } // expected-error{{expected ';' at end of requirement}}
+struct r5v2 {};
+
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) == 1)
+struct chars_only {};
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename chars_only<T>; } // expected-note{{because 'chars_only<T>' would be invalid: constraints not satisfied for class template 'chars_only' [with T = int]}}
+struct r6 {};
+
+using r6i = r6<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r6' [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> int F = 0;
+
+static_assert(!requires { typename F<int>; }); // expected-error{{expected a type}}
+static_assert(!requires { typename ::F<int>; }); // expected-error{{typename specifier refers to a non-type template}}
+
+struct G { template<typename T> static T temp; };
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename T::template temp<int>; }
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'typename T::temp<int>' would be invalid: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'typename T::temp<int>' would be invalid: no member named 'temp' in 'D'}}
+// expected-note@-3{{because 'typename T::temp<int>' would be invalid: template name refers to non-type template 'G::template temp'}}
+struct r7 {};
+
+using r7i1 = r7<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with T = int]}}
+using r7i2 = r7<D>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with T = D]}}
+using r7i3 = r7<G>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with T = G]}}
+
+template<typename T> struct H;
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename H<T>; }
+struct r8 {};
+
+using r8i = r8<int>;
+
+template<typename T> struct I { struct incomplete; }; // expected-note{{member is declared here}}
+
+static_assert(!requires { I<int>::incomplete::inner; }); // expected-error{{implicit instantiation of undefined member 'I<int>::incomplete'}}
+
+template<typename T> requires requires { typename I<T>::incomplete::inner; } // expected-note{{because 'typename I<T>::incomplete::inner' would be invalid: implicit instantiation of undefined member 'I<int>::incomplete'}}
+struct r9 {};
+
+using r9i = r9<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r9' [with T = int]}}
+
+namespace ns3 {
+  struct X { }; // expected-note 2{{candidate found by name lookup is 'ns3::X'}}
+}
+
+struct X { using inner = int; }; // expected-note 2{{candidate found by name lookup is 'X'}}
+
+using namespace ns3;
+static_assert(requires { typename X; }); // expected-error{{reference to 'X' is ambiguous}}
+static_assert(requires { typename X::inner; });
+// expected-error@-1{{reference to 'X' is ambiguous}}
+// expected-error@-2{{expected a qualified name after 'typename'}}
+
+// naming a type template specialization in a type requirement does not require
+// it to be complete and should not care about partial specializations.
+
+template<typename T>
+struct Z;
+
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 1)
+struct Z<T> {}; // expected-note{{partial specialization matches [with T = int]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) <= 4)
+struct Z<T> {}; // expected-note{{partial specialization matches [with T = int]}}
+
+Z<int> x; // expected-error{{ambiguous partial specializations of 'Z<int>'}}
+
+static_assert(requires { typename Z<int>; });
+
+// C++ [expr.prim.req.type] Example
+namespace std_example {
+  template<typename T, typename T::type = 0> struct S;
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'S<T>' would be invalid: no type named 'type' in 'std_example::has_inner}}
+  template<typename T> using Ref = T&; // expected-note{{because 'Ref<T>' would be invalid: cannot form a reference to 'void'}}
+  template<typename T> concept C1 =
+    requires {
+      typename T::inner;
+      // expected-note@-1 {{because 'typename T::inner' would be invalid: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
+      // expected-note@-2 {{because 'typename T::inner' would be invalid: no type named 'inner' in 'std_example::has_type'}}
+    };
+  template<typename T> concept C2 = requires { typename S<T>; };
+  template<typename T> concept C3 = requires { typename Ref<T>; };
+
+  struct has_inner { using inner = int;};
+  struct has_type { using type = int; };
+  struct has_inner_and_type { using inner = int; using type = int; };
+
+  static_assert(C1<has_inner_and_type> && C2<has_inner_and_type> && C3<has_inner_and_type>);
+  template<C1 T> struct C1_check {};
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'int' does not satisfy 'C1'}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{because 'std_example::has_type' does not satisfy 'C1'}}
+  template<C2 T> struct C2_check {};
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'std_example::has_inner' does not satisfy 'C2'}}
+  template<C3 T> struct C3_check {};
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'void' does not satisfy 'C3'}}
+  using c1 = C1_check<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C1_check' [with T = int]}}
+  using c2 = C1_check<has_type>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C1_check' [with T = std_example::has_type]}}
+  using c3 = C2_check<has_inner>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C2_check' [with T = std_example::has_inner]}}
+  using c4 = C3_check<void>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'C3_check' [with T = void]}}
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/PCH/cxx2a-requires-expr.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -emit-pch -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -o %t %s
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x ast -ast-print %t | FileCheck %s
+
+template<typename T>
+concept C = true;
+
+template<typename T>
+bool f() {
+  // CHECK: requires (T t) { t++; { t++ } noexcept -> C<int>; typename T::a; requires T::val; };
+  return requires (T t) {
+    t++;
+    { t++ } noexcept -> C;
+    typename T::a;
+    requires T::val;
+  };
+}

clang/test/Parser/cxx2a-concepts-requires-expr.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+bool r1 = requires () {};
+// expected-error@-1 {{a requires expression must contain at least one requirement}}
+
+bool r2 = requires { requires true; };
+
+bool r3 = requires (int a, ...) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{varargs not allowed in requires expression}}
+
+template<typename... T>
+bool r4 = requires (T... ts) { requires true; };
+
+bool r5 = requires (bool c, int d) { c; d; };
+
+bool r6 = requires (bool c, int d) { c; d; } && decltype(d){};
+// expected-error@-1 {{use of undeclared identifier 'd'}}
+
+bool r7 = requires (bool c) { c; (requires (int d) { c; d; }); d; } && decltype(c){} && decltype(d){};
+// expected-error@-1 2{{use of undeclared identifier 'd'}}
+// expected-error@-2 {{use of undeclared identifier 'c'}}
+
+bool r8 = requires (bool, int) { requires true; };
+
+bool r9 = requires (bool a, int a) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{redefinition of parameter 'a'}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{previous declaration is here}}
+
+bool r10 = requires (struct new_struct { int x; } s) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{'new_struct' cannot be defined in a parameter type}}
+
+bool r11 = requires (int x(1)) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected parameter declarator}}
+// expected-error@-2 {{expected ')'}}
+// expected-note@-3 {{to match this '('}}
+
+bool r12 = requires (int x = 10) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{default arguments not allowed for parameters of a requires expression}}
+
+bool r13 = requires (int f(int)) { requires true; };
+
+bool r14 = requires (int (*f)(int)) { requires true; };
+
+bool r15 = requires (10) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected parameter declarator}}
+
+bool r16 = requires (auto x) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{'auto' not allowed in requires expression parameter}}
+
+bool r17 = requires (auto [x, y]) { requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{'auto' not allowed in requires expression parameter}}
+// expected-error@-2 {{use of undeclared identifier 'x'}}
+
+using a = int;
+
+bool r18 = requires { typename a; };
+
+bool r19 = requires { typename ::a; };
+
+template<typename T> struct identity { using type = T; };
+
+template<typename T> using identity_t = T;
+
+bool r20 = requires {
+    typename identity<int>::type;
+    typename identity<int>;
+    typename ::identity_t<int>;
+};
+
+struct s { bool operator==(const s&); ~s(); };
+
+bool r21 = requires { typename s::operator==; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected an identifier or template-id after '::'}}
+
+bool r22 = requires { typename s::~s; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected an identifier or template-id after '::'}}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool r23 = requires { typename identity<T>::temp<T>; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{use 'template' keyword to treat 'temp' as a dependent template name}}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool r24 = requires {
+    typename identity<T>::template temp<T>;
+    typename identity<T>::template temp; // expected-error{{expected an identifier or template-id after '::'}}
+};
+
+bool r25 = requires { ; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected expression}}
+
+bool r26 = requires { {}; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected expression}}
+
+bool r27 = requires { { 0 } noexcept; };
+
+bool r28 = requires { { 0 } noexcept noexcept; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected '->' before expression type requirement}}
+// expected-error@-2 {{expected concept name with optional arguments}}
+
+template<typename T>
+concept C1 = true;
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+concept C2 = true;
+
+bool r29 = requires { { 0 } noexcept C1; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected '->' before expression type requirement}}
+
+bool r30 = requires { { 0 } noexcept -> C2<int>; };
+
+template<typename T>
+T i1 = 0;
+
+bool r31 = requires { requires false, 1; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected ';' at end of requirement}}
+
+bool r32 = requires { 0 noexcept; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{'noexcept' can only be used in a compound requirements (with '{' '}' around the expression)}}
+
+bool r33 = requires { 0 int; };
+// expected-error@-1 {{unexpected int after expression; did you intend to use a compound requirement (with '{' '}' around the expression)?}}
+
+bool r34 = requires { requires true };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected ';' at end of requirement}}
+
+bool r35 = requires (bool b) { requires sizeof(b) == 1; };
+
+void r36(bool b) requires requires { 1 } {}
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected ';' at end of requirement}}
+
+bool r37 = requires { requires { 1; }; };
+// expected-warning@-1 {{this requires expression will only be checked for syntactic validity; did you intend to place it in a nested requirement (add another 'requires' before the expression)}}
+
+bool r38 = requires { requires () { 1; }; };
+// expected-warning@-1 {{this requires expression will only be checked for syntactic validity; did you intend to place it in a nested requirement (add another 'requires' before the expression)}}
+
+bool r39 = requires { requires (int i) { i; }; };
+// expected-warning@-1 {{this requires expression will only be checked for syntactic validity; did you intend to place it in a nested requirement (add another 'requires' before the expression)}}
+
+bool r40 = requires { requires (); };
+// expected-error@-1 {{expected expression}}

clang/test/SemaTemplate/instantiate-requires-expr.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify -Wno-unused-value
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+// We use a hack in this file to make the compiler print out the requires
+// expression after it has been instantiated - we put false_v<requires {...}> as
+// the requires clause of a class template, then instantiate the template.
+// The requirement will not be satisfied, and the explaining diagnostic will
+// print out false_v<requires {...}> in its raw form (the false_v serves to
+// prevent the diagnostic from elaborating on why the requires expr wasn't
+// satisfied).
+
+template<bool v>
+constexpr bool false_v = false;
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+using void_t = void;
+
+// Check that requires parameters are instantiated correctly.
+
+template<typename T> requires
+false_v<requires (T t) { requires is_same_v<decltype(t), int>; }>
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires (int t) { requires is_same_v<decltype(t), int>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires (char t) { requires is_same_v<decltype(t), int>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r1 {};
+
+using r1i1 = r1<int>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+using r1i2 = r1<char>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = char]}}
+
+// Check that parameter packs work.
+
+template<typename... Ts> requires
+false_v<requires (Ts... ts) {requires ((sizeof(ts) == 2) && ...);}>
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires (short ts, unsigned short ts) { requires (sizeof (ts) == 2) && (sizeof (ts) == 2); }>'}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires (short ts) { requires (sizeof (ts) == 2); }>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r2 {};
+
+using r2i1 = r2<short, unsigned short>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with Ts = <short, unsigned short>]}}
+using r2i2 = r2<short>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with Ts = <short>]}}
+
+template<typename... Ts> requires
+false_v<(requires (Ts ts) {requires sizeof(ts) != 0;} && ...)>
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires (short ts) { requires sizeof (ts) != 0; } && requires (unsigned short ts) { requires sizeof (ts) != 0; }>' evaluated to false}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires (short ts) { requires sizeof (ts) != 0; }>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r3 {};
+
+using r3i1 = r3<short, unsigned short>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with Ts = <short, unsigned short>]}}
+using r3i2 = r3<short>; // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with Ts = <short>]}}
+
+template<typename T>
+struct identity { using type = T; };
+
+namespace type_requirement {
+  struct A {};
+
+  // check that nested name specifier is instantiated correctly.
+  template<typename T> requires false_v<requires { typename T::type; }> // expected-note{{because 'false_v<requires { typename identity<int>::type; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r1 {};
+
+  using r1i = r1<identity<int>>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = identity<int>]}}
+
+  // check that template argument list is instantiated correctly.
+  template<typename T>
+  struct contains_template {
+      template<typename U> requires is_same_v<contains_template<T>, U>
+      using temp = int;
+  };
+
+  template<typename T> requires
+  false_v<requires { typename T::template temp<T>; }>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { typename contains_template<int>::temp<contains_template<int> >; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires { typename contains_template<short>::temp<contains_template<short> >; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r2 {};
+
+  using r2i1 = r2<contains_template<int>>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = type_requirement::contains_template<int>]}}
+  using r2i2 = r2<contains_template<short>>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = type_requirement::contains_template<short>]}}
+
+  // substitution error occurs, then requires expr is instantiated again
+
+  template<typename T>
+  struct a {
+      template<typename U> requires (requires { typename T::a::a; }, false)
+      // expected-note@-1{{because 'requires { typename <<error-type>>; } , false' evaluated to false}}
+      struct r {};
+  };
+
+  using ari = a<int>::r<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r' [with U = short]}}
+
+  // Parameter pack inside expr
+  template<typename... Ts> requires
+  false_v<(requires { typename Ts::type; } && ...)>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { typename identity<short>::type; } && requires { typename identity<int>::type; } && requires { typename <<error-type>>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r5 {};
+
+  using r5i = r5<identity<short>, identity<int>, short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r5' [with Ts = <identity<short>, identity<int>, short>]}}
+  template<typename... Ts> requires
+  false_v<(requires { typename void_t<Ts>; } && ...)> // expected-note{{because 'false_v<requires { typename void_t<int>; } && requires { typename void_t<short>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r6 {};
+
+  using r6i = r6<int, short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r6' [with Ts = <int, short>]}}
+
+  template<typename... Ts> requires
+  false_v<(requires { typename Ts::template aaa<Ts>; } && ...)>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { typename <<error-type>>; } && requires { typename <<error-type>>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r7 {};
+
+  using r7i = r7<int, A>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r7' [with Ts = <int, type_requirement::A>]}}
+}
+
+namespace expr_requirement {
+  // check that compound/simple requirements are instantiated correctly.
+
+  template<typename T> requires false_v<requires { sizeof(T); { sizeof(T) }; }>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { sizeof(int); { sizeof(int) }; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires { <<error-expression>>; { sizeof(T) }; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r1 {};
+
+  using r1i1 = r1<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+  using r1i2 = r1<void>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = void]}}
+
+  // substitution error occurs in expr, then expr is instantiated again.
+
+  template<typename T>
+  struct a {
+      template<typename U> requires (requires { sizeof(T::a); }, false) // expected-note{{because 'requires { <<error-expression>>; } , false' evaluated to false}}
+      struct r {};
+  };
+
+  using ari = a<int>::r<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r' [with U = short]}}
+
+  // check that the return-type-requirement is instantiated correctly.
+
+  template<typename T, typename U = int>
+  concept C1 = is_same_v<T, U>;
+
+  template<typename T> requires false_v<requires(T t) { { t } -> C1<T>; }>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires (int t) { { t } -> C1<int>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{because 'false_v<requires (double t) { { t } -> C1<double>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r2 {};
+
+  using r2i1 = r2<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = int]}}
+  using r2i2 = r2<double>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with T = double]}}
+
+
+  // substitution error occurs in return type requirement, then requires expr is
+  // instantiated again.
+
+  template<typename T>
+  struct b {
+      template<typename U> requires (requires { { 0 } -> C1<typename T::a>; }, false) // expected-note{{because 'requires { { 0 } -> <<error-type>>; } , false' evaluated to false}}
+      struct r {};
+  };
+
+  using bri = b<int>::r<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r' [with U = short]}}
+
+
+  template<typename... Ts> requires
+  false_v<(requires { { 0 } noexcept -> C1<Ts>; } && ...)>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { { 0 } noexcept -> C1<int>; } && requires { { 0 } noexcept -> C1<unsigned int>; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r3 {};
+
+  using r3i = r3<int, unsigned int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r3' [with Ts = <int, unsigned int>]}}
+}
+
+namespace nested_requirement {
+  // check that constraint expression is instantiated correctly
+  template<typename T> requires false_v<requires { requires sizeof(T) == 2; }> // expected-note{{because 'false_v<requires { requires sizeof(int) == 2; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r1 {};
+
+  using r1i = r1<int>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r1' [with T = int]}}
+
+  // substitution error occurs in expr, then expr is instantiated again.
+  template<typename T>
+  struct a {
+      template<typename U> requires
+      (requires { requires sizeof(T::a) == 0; }, false) // expected-note{{because 'requires { requires <<error-expression>>; } , false' evaluated to false}}
+      struct r {};
+  };
+
+  using ari = a<int>::r<short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r' [with U = short]}}
+
+  // Parameter pack inside expr
+  template<typename... Ts> requires
+  false_v<(requires { requires sizeof(Ts) == 0; } && ...)>
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { requires sizeof(int) == 0; } && requires { requires sizeof(short) == 0; }>' evaluated to false}}
+  struct r2 {};
+
+  using r2i = r2<int, short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r2' [with Ts = <int, short>]}}
+}
+
+// Parameter pack inside multiple requirements
+template<typename... Ts> requires
+false_v<(requires { requires sizeof(Ts) == 0; sizeof(Ts); } && ...)>
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires { requires sizeof(int) == 0; sizeof(Ts); } && requires { requires sizeof(short) == 0; sizeof(Ts); }>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r4 {};
+
+using r4i = r4<int, short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r4' [with Ts = <int, short>]}}
+
+template<typename... Ts> requires
+false_v<(requires(Ts t) { requires sizeof(t) == 0; t++; } && ...)>
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<requires (int t) { requires sizeof (t) == 0; t++; } && requires (short t) { requires sizeof (t) == 0; t++; }>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r5 {};
+
+using r5i = r5<int, short>; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r5' [with Ts = <int, short>]}}
+
+template<typename T> requires
+false_v<(requires(T t) { T{t}; })> // T{t} creates an "UnevaluatedList" context.
+// expected-note@-1 {{because 'false_v<(requires (int t) { int{t}; })>' evaluated to false}}
+struct r6 {};
+
+using r6i = r6<int>;
+// expected-error@-1 {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'r6' [with T = int]}}

clang/tools/libclang/CIndex.cpp

CXCursor clang_getCursorDefinition(CXCursor C) {
   case Decl::OMPDeclareMapper:
   case Decl::OMPRequires:
   case Decl::ObjCTypeParam:
   case Decl::BuiltinTemplate:
   case Decl::PragmaComment:
   case Decl::PragmaDetectMismatch:
   case Decl::UsingPack:
   case Decl::Concept:
+  case Decl::RequiresExprBody:
     return C;
 
   // Declaration kinds that don't make any sense here, but are
   // nonetheless harmless.
   case Decl::Empty:
   case Decl::TranslationUnit:
   case Decl::ExternCContext:
     break;

clang/tools/libclang/CXCursor.cpp

CXCursor cxcursor::MakeCXCursor(const Stmt *S, const Decl *Parent,
 
   case Stmt::ArrayTypeTraitExprClass:
   case Stmt::AsTypeExprClass:
   case Stmt::AtomicExprClass:
   case Stmt::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
   case Stmt::TypeTraitExprClass:
   case Stmt::CoawaitExprClass:
   case Stmt::ConceptSpecializationExprClass:
+  case Stmt::RequiresExprClass:
   case Stmt::DependentCoawaitExprClass:
   case Stmt::CoyieldExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXBindTemporaryExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXDefaultArgExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXDefaultInitExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXFoldExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXStdInitializerListExprClass:
   case Stmt::CXXScalarValueInitExprClass: