[Concepts] Function trailing requires clauses

[saar.raz]

Summary

Function trailing requires clauses now parsed, supported in overload resolution and when calling, referencing and taking the address of functions or function templates.Does not directly affect code generation yet.
Depends on D41910.

[saar.raz]

• Fixed handling of empty/non-expression after trailing requires keyword.
• Unified satisfaction check for templated/non-templated constraint exprs

[saar.raz]

• Fix bad diagnostic detection and suppression

[rsmith]

Looking promising, but this patch will need some rework: you need to track the trailing requires clause on the Declarator itself, not on the DeclChunk, because it's not part of the DeclChunk (and may appear in contexts where there is no function chunk).

include/clang/AST/Decl.h

1793–1796 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Please find a way to store this that doesn't make all FunctionDecls 8 bytes larger. At the very least, you can move this to CXXMethodDecl, but perhaps it'd be better to include this as an optional component in the DeclInfo.

1795 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Not necessarily for this patch, but you'll need to think about how to represent a not-yet-instantiated trailing requires clause. (A requires clause isn't instantiated as part of instantiating the function it's attached to; it's instantiated later, when needed, like an exception specification or default argument.)

include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

2433 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

"virtual function cannot have a requires clause" would be more in line with how we usually word diagnostics.

2435 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

We generally separate a general problem and a specific problem with a colon, not a hyphen, in diagnostics.

lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

6098–6165 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This is the wrong place to parse a requires-clause: a requires-clause is a trailing part of the overall init-declarator or member-declarator, not part of the function declarator chunk. For example:

using T = void ();
T x requires true; // ok, but you reject
void (f() requires true); // ill-formed but you accept
void (f()) requires true; // ok but you reject

6102 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

The ConceptsTS check here is redundant. If we see a kw_requires token, the feature is enabled.

6106–6110 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This is not a reasonable way to deal with parse errors. Parsing an expression can have non-local effects, and suppressing diagnostics like this is not a safe way to provide error recovery. You're also suppressing all warnings within the expression, which is also inappropriate.

Instead, you should just parse the requires-clause. If you parse it correctly (not as a constraint-expression) the parse will stop before a possible -> token anyway, because a top-level -> expression is not permitted in a constraint-logical-or-expression.

6109 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This isn't right: a constraint-logical-or-expression is required here, not a constraint-expression.

6112–6113 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Clang style puts the && on the previous line.

lib/Parse/ParseTentative.cpp

955–956 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This is wrong.ParenCount isn't just *your* parens, it's all enclosing ones. And I don't think you need this check at all: the requires is either part of a suitable declarator or it's ill-formed, so we can just disambiguate as a declarator (that way we'll correctly handle all valid programs and correctly reject all ill-formed ones, with a diagnostic saying that the nested declarator can't have a requires-clause).

lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

7848–7851 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Please parenthesize the && subexpression and run this through clang-format.

8377–8381 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This is the wrong place for this check. We don't yet know whether the function is virtual here in general. A function can become virtual due to template instantiation:

template<typename T> struct A : T { void f() requires true; };
struct B { virtual void f(); };
template struct A<B>; // error, A<B>::f is constrained and virtual

This is perhaps a wording defect: it's not clear that A::f() really should override B::f(), but that is the consequence of the current rules. I've posted a question to the core reflector.

lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

2716–2732 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Why do we ever fail this check? Overload resolution should never select a function with unsatisfied constraints, and likewise for taking the address of / binding a reference to such a function.

lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp

1208–1221 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This check is too late. We've already passed some return false;s at this point. (Consider changing the CUDA checks to only early-return on failure rather than moving this check earlier.)

6106 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

The ConceptsTS check here doesn't make any sense to me: if you've already parsed a requires clause, you should always check it.

6619–6629 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

According to [over.match.viable]p3, constraint satisfaction should be checked before we attempt to form implicit conversion sequences. This can affect the validity of code, if the associated constraints disable the function in a case where implicit conversion sequence formation would result in the program being ill-formed due to triggering a bad template instantiation (with an error outside an immediate context).

9123–9135 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

According to [over.match.best], this check belongs immediately after the "more specialized template" check, not down here.

lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp

1637–1646 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

This is wrong. Per [temp.decls]p2, requires-clauses are instantiated separately from their associated functions. That doesn't need to be handled in this change, but please at least include a FIXME.

1641 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Checking !isUsable() here is wrong. (1: SubstExpr should never produce a valid-but-null Expr*, 2: even if it did, that means it succeeded, which means it's wrong for you to return nullptr without producing a diagnostic.)

1965 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

(Likewise.)

lib/Sema/SemaTemplateVariadic.cpp

884–886 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Please reformat.

[saar.raz]

lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

8377–8381 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

I don't really see why A::f() should override B::f() indeed - since it is not marked virtual nor override, shouldn't it just hide B::f()? or am I missing something here?

[rsmith]

lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

8377–8381 ↗

(On Diff #159349)

Functions override base class virtual functions if they have matching name, parameter types, cv-qualifiers and ref-qualifiers, *regardless* of whether they're declared virtual etc. Eg:

struct A { virtual void f(); };
struct B : A { void f(); };

B::f overrides A::f, and as a consequence, B::f is implicitly a virtual function. See [class.virtual]p2 and its footnote.

Note that the determination of whether the derived class function overrides the base class function doesn't care about the associated constraints on the derived class function. (After checking with the core reflector, general consensus seems to be that this is the right rule, and my previous example should indeed be ill-formed because it declares a constrained virtual function.)

[saar.raz]

• Add diagnostic explaining the unintuitive subsumption rules when user might be relying on expression equivalence for odering
• Fixed incorrect checking of trailing requires clause subsumption
• Fixed missing conversion constraint checking
• Fixed constraint checking in function templates to recognize function parameters
• Address CR comments by rsmith
  • Move TrailingRequiresClause to ExtInfo
  • Fixed diagnostic styling
  • Correct checking of constrained virtual functions
  • Small formatting fixes
  • Parse constraint-logical-or-expressions in requires clauses
  • Parse the requires clause as part of the init-declarator, member-declarator or function-definition
  • No dirty diagnostic suppression when trying to parse switched-order trailing requires and return type

[martong]

lib/AST/ASTImporter.cpp

3053 ↗

(On Diff #195033)

First you have to import the trailing requires clause and then pass the imported Expr here.
I think you can reuse the importSeq call above.

[saar.raz]

• Remove #if from test

[saar.raz]

• Address CR comment
• Adjust to new getAssociatedConstraints interface
• Add destructor and conversion operator tests

[martong]

From the ASTImporter point of view it looks good, thanks for the changes!

[saar.raz]

Introduce function parameters into scope when parsing function requires clause

[saar.raz]

Allow accessing 'this' in requires clause when appropriate.

[saar.raz]

Add support for lambda expression trailing requires clauses

[saar.raz]

Addressed remaining comments by rsmith

[rsmith]

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

184–185

I think the "did you forget parentheses?" part here may be irritating to users who didn't know they needed parentheses at all -- it may be read as patronizing by some. Can we rephrase as "parentheses are required around a top-level unary %0 expression in a requires clause" or something like that?

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

2599

Don't use a colon to indicate a location. Diagnostics are formatted in many different ways and this won't always make sense. Also, where possible, don't pretty-print expressions in diagnostics; underline the source range instead.

2600

Similarly, this note presentation won't always make sense. Can we somehow rephrase these notes so they're more presenting the facts and less telling the user what to do?

4039–4048

Don't repeat this %select; use %sub{select_ovl_candidate_kind} instead. (The enum and the appropriate %select have already changed at least twice since this was copy-pasted...)

clang/include/clang/Parse/Parser.h

1676–1682

Don't repeat the name of the entity in the doc comment. (This is an old style that we're phasing out; new code shouldn't do it.)

1677

We would usually call this sort of enumeration SomethingKind not SomethingOption.

1682

Please don't use Type as the name of something that's not a language-level type.

2725

Line-wrapped parameters should start on the same column as the first parameter.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

2093–2094

We should check with GCC to see which side of the requires-clause they expect this.

For the second and subsequent declarations, we expect the asm label before the requires clause; here we parse the asm label after the requires clause.

2290–2291

We already parsed this for the first declarator in the group. Do we accidentally permit two requires clauses on the first declarator?

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDeclCXX.cpp

3812–3823

This scope-building code should be in Sema, not in the parser. (Consider adding an ActOnStartTrailingRequiresClause / ActOnFinishTrailingRequiresClause pair.)

3814

Add braces for this multi-line if.

3838

Also tok::colon for constructors.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

349–350

The parser shouldn't be encoding this kind of semantic knowledge. Please move this to Sema. (This is also not really a very general way to detect a function-like name: checking for an expression whose type is a function type or OverloadType would catch more cases.)

354

I don't think this is true. Consider:

struct A {
  template<typename T> requires X<T>
  (A)() {}
};

For a trailing requires clause, we can be much more aggressive with our error detection here, though, and in that case perhaps we can unconditionally treat a trailing ( as a function call.

901

Do not hardcode English strings into diagnostic arguments. Use a %select or a different diagnostic instead.

[saar.raz]

Address CR comments by rsmith.
Also, add Sema normalization API (useful on its own right) and a normalization cache, for two reasons:

• Performance (not having to re-normalize the constraints for every template or concept on every use).
• Preventing normalization diagnostics from popping up multiple times (when the causing constraint is normalized again).

[saar.raz]

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

2093–2094

They expect the requires clause first.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDeclCXX.cpp

3812–3823

Is there anything that needs to be in ActOnFinishTrailingRequiresClause?

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

349–350

Function types and overload types would not reach here (would be eliminated in the previous check for 'bool' types). Only dependent types and bools get here, and checking for a function type or OverloadType would not catch those cases.

Anyway, moved this to Sema

354

If the cases where this is possible are only very remote - could we maybe turn this into a warning instead and keep it here?

Also, if X<T> is a function type or OverloadType, then this is ill-formed anyway, right? since the constraint expression can't be a bool.

[saar.raz]

Fix memory handling of NormalizedConstraint and AtomicConstraint
Fix some more failed tests and rebase onto trunk

[rsmith]

clang/include/clang/AST/ASTNodeTraverser.h

385–386

It would be better to do this before we visit the inits, so that we visit the parts of a constructor declaration in lexical order. Eg:

struct X {
  X() requires true : x(0) {}
  int x;
};

should dump true before 0.

clang/include/clang/AST/DeclCXX.h

2368

It's better to not add the default argument here. We would want any new caller of this (private) constructor to think about what value to pass in here. (Likewise for the other private constructors below.)

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

187

Perhaps "functional cast expression" (or "explicit type conversion") would be a more familiar term than "initialization expression"?

326

"appear" is a better word than "come" in this context.

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

6180

emplate -> template

6188–6190

Copy-paste error here; this is the comment for the previous map.

6195–6197

I'm worried about this. DenseMap is not a node-based container, so if you return a pointer into the NormalizationCache here, it can be invalidated by any subsequent call to the same function. (So for example, you can't reliably get normalized constraints for two declarations at once.) Maybe NormalizationCache should store NormalizedConstraint*s instead, or maybe you should return Optional<NormalizedConstraint>s here.

6211

Don't use \brief. (We enable the doxygen "autobrief" setting so it's unnecessary.)

clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h

26

The SmallVector here is probably costing us space instead of saving space; we're probably better off directly allocating the correct number of parameter mappings rather than over-allocating in the (probably very common) case of one or two parameter mappings. (Plus SmallVector has size overhead to support resizing and capacity>size, which we should never need.)

87

All the allocation here should be allocated on the ASTContext. We're going to cache these for the lifetime of the AST anyway; there's no need to do manual heap management here. (And ASTContext allocation is cheaper than the regular heap anyway.)

clang/lib/AST/ASTImporter.cpp

3290

Please add a FIXME to properly import the InheritedConstructor information.

clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp

1839–1848

There's really no point doing any of this; Deallocate is a no-op. You can just delete this block and unconditionally store to getExtInfo()->QualifierLoc.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

2045–2046

This should be done earlier, before we parse GNU attributes. For example, GCC accepts:

template<typename T> struct X {
  void f() requires true __attribute__((noreturn)),
       g() requires true __attribute__((noreturn));
};

... and rejects if either requires-clause is the other side of the attributes. (We already get this right for the second and subsequent declarators.)

6044–6045

Combine simplify this by grouping these two conditions together as } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires) && D.hasGroupingParens()) {.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDeclCXX.cpp

2319–2320

Please add the (redundant) braces here to make the local style a little more consistent.

3800

Please don't repeat the function name in the documentation comment.

3812–3823

I would put the call to CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr there, but not a big deal either way.

3828

Hm, should we stop at an =? We can't have an initializer after a requires-clause, but we can't have a top-level = in a constraint-expression either. I'm inclined to think that we should skip past the =, but happy either way.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

321

I'd expect you can recover from errors better by putting this check in ParseConstraintLogicalAndExpression after parsing each individual primary expression. (That is: check for this *before* forming an && or || binary operator.) That'd make it a lot easier to recover by calling ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix or similar.

330–341

It's very unusual for the parser to attach a note to a diagnostic produced by Sema. Also, the parser ideally should not be considering the type of Culprit for itself (that's not a parsing concern), and should generally try to treat Exprs as being opaque. Please consider passing Tok.getKind() into CheckConstraintExpression instead and have it produce a suitable note for itself.

344

I think skipping to the ) should only be done in the case where we found a (. Otherwise, there's no reason to expect there to be a ) at all, and we'll skip the entire templated declaration (in the non-trailing requires clause case). As noted above, we could recover better by calling ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix in the case where we find an element of the requires-clause that is clearly not just a primary-expression.

354

Yes: I think this is correct if either (a) we've checked that the preceding expression is a function or overload set (or of non-dependent non-bool type), or (b) we're parsing a trailing-requires-clause.

357

he -> they

922

parent -> paren

Yes, I know this is pre-existing, but this comment was confusing me when reading your patch :)

1262–1272

These all have function call syntax, so should be treated as postfix-expressions not as primary-expressions.

1279

Do we need to bail out here and below? Continuing and parsing the postfix-expression anyway (in the case where it can't possibly be anything else) would result in better error recovery.

1399

This is also not a primary-expression.

1407

This should be treated as a postfix-expression, not a primary-expression, like typeid

1620–1626

These are all not primary-expressions.

1630

This may or may not be a primary-expression. In principle, we need to pass the ParseKind into here so that it knows whether to call ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix. But in practice, we can disallow all of these: they will never be of type bool.

1651

Hmm. Should an Objective-C++20 message send be considered a primary-expression or a postfix-expression? I'm inclined to say that for now we shouldn't extend the set of things that C++20 allows at the top level in a requires-clause: we should allow literals, parenthesized expressions, id-expressions, requires-expressions, and nothing else.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseTemplate.cpp

259–265

These are in the wrong order: the requires-clause goes before GNU attributes.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

708

Should we skip this entirely when we're in a SFINAE context (or more precisely, if our notes will just be discarded and never shown to the user)?

744–756

Can you avoid rebuilding the CNF and DNF versions of the normalized constraints here? (Probably not a big deal if this only happens on the path to a hard error.)

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

8332–8337

We should diagnose trailing requires clauses on deduction guides. (I've started a conversation in the C++ committee regarding whether we should allow them, and so far the suggestion is "yes, but only in C++23".)

10582–10586

No need to check this: all overridden methods must be virtual, and virtual functions can't have trailing requires clauses (or if they do, we already diagnosed that when processing them).

clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp

6302

No need to check the LangOpts here; if we have parsed a trailing requires clause, we must be in a suitable language mode, and we should check that requires clause.

6344–6351

(Huh, this looks wrong: we should be checking this before we form parameter conversion sequences, shouldn't we?)

6828–6837

Formally, I think we should be doing this before we perform object argument initialization, but ... I think it doesn't actually matter, because object argument initialization can only fail with a hard error by triggering completion of the object argument type, which must have already happened by this point. Subtle, but I think this is OK.

9559

If they're equally-constrained, we should continue and check the later tie-breakers.

10023–10028

Checking this for all pairs of functions could be very expensive if there are many overload candidates with constraints. Perhaps for now we should only do this if there are exactly two candidates that are tied for being the best viable candidate?

10037

he -> they

10066

I think generally we should not do this when displaying an arbitrary candidate set, but only when displaying a set of ambiguous candidates (that is, in OCD_AmbiguousCandidates mode) -- and ideally only when we know the ambiguity would be resolved if the constraints were ordered.

We get here (for example) when complaining that there were no viable functions, and in that case it makes no sense to talk about ambiguous constraints.

11327

This would be a good place to call MaybeDiagnoseAmbiguousConstraints, but only in the case where OCD == OCD_AmbiguousCandidates (that is, when we're explaining an ambiguity).

11378–11386

We should not do this here, because we might be reporting all candidates here, not only the best ones after overload resolution -- this is too low-level to determine whether these notes make sense.

11492–11502

This is reporting no match between a declared template specialization and the known template declarations. Associated constraint mismatches between those templates are irrelevant here.

12021–12044

I don't believe this approach is correct. In particular, consider:

Function 1 and 2 are ambiguous. Function 3 is more constrained than function 1. You end up picking function 3 regardless of whether it's more constrained than function 2 (it might not be).

You need to at least check your end result against all the functions you skipped due to ambiguity. (That should be sufficient if we can assume that "more constrained than" is transitive, which it should be.)

12039

Please add some kind of punctuation after "constrained".

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

3440–3447

Huh. Doing this down here does indeed seem to be correct, but that seems like a rather bad rule...

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTReaderDecl.cpp

825

You don't need this flag; AddStmt and readStmt can cope fine with null pointers.

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.constr/function-templates.cpp

2

Are the #if 0s (here and below) intentional?

[rsmith]

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

3440–3447

This is going to get moved back up to where we had it before by CWG issue 2369 =)

[saar.raz]

Address CR comments by rsmith.

[saar.raz]

clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp

6344–6351

Should I fix this in this patch?

[saar.raz]

Use InclusiveOr precedence when recovering from non-primary constraint expr

[rsmith]

Thanks, I'm happy to iterate on this further after you commit (though feel free to ask for another round of review if you prefer). The changes to recovery from missing parens in a trailing requires clause can be done in a separate change after this one if you like.

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

186–188

This diagnostic is now unused; please remove it.

clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h

26

This will leak, since we're never going to actually run the destructor for AtomicConstraint. (That's not a problem for compilation, but can be a problem for use of Clang as a library.) Perhaps we could store this as an ArrayRef to an array allocated on the ASTContext allocator? Alternatively, can we compute the number of parameter mappings when we create the AtomicConstraint object, and tail-allocate the parameter mappings?

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

6067–6069

I would just drop this comment; I don't think it's all that useful, since it's just really describing how the grammar works.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

280

Please return false here (unless E.isInvalid()): we should recovering as described by the fixit hints, so we shouldn't bail out of outer parsing steps. (I suppose you should also set NotPrimaryExpression back to false for subsequent parses, to handle things like template<typename T> requires a == b && c (X(T));, for which we want to diagnose the missing parens around a == b but not assume that the c (X(T)) is a function call.)

283

I think we can catch and diagnose even more cases here. If the next token is a binary operator with higher precedence than && or a trailing postfix operator other than ( (that is, ., ->, ++, --, or a [ not followed by [), that's always an error and we can parse the remaining tokens as a non-primary expression to recover. (For a trailing requires clause, the only thing that can come next is a function body, and that never starts with any of those tokens -- it can start with =, but that has lower precedence than &&. For a non-trailing requires clause, none of those tokens can appear next -- ( can, and CheckConstraintExpression checks for that case.)

295–299

It'd be nice to move the call to ParseCastExpression into CheckExpr rather than duplicating it.

363–381

Do we still need this here? CheckConstraintExpression already sets PossibleNonPrimary to true in cases very much like this one -- could we make it handle these remaining cases too?

1622

These are not primary-expressions.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

47–52

I think it'd be better to not produce a diagnostic here in the case where you set PossibleNonPrimary to true, and leave it to the caller to do that instead. That way we can properly recover in the parser and parse the rest of the expression (and produce a diagnostic showing where the parens should be inserted).

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp

3887

We need to return the result of this back to the caller; we want to use the typo-corrected constraint expression in any further processing.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp

6301–6302

Nit: combine these into one line (if (Expr *RequiresClause = ...) to minimize the scope of RequiresClause.

6828–6829

Nit: as above, combine these to a single line.

10054

You can break after this }. Consider flattening / simplifying the two nested loops here into a single loop (walk the candidates and collect those ones that have associated constraints, and make sure you find exactly two).

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.constr/non-function-templates.cpp

2–3

Are the #if 0s here intentional?

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.order/class-template-partial-specializations.cpp

60–61

It's useful to include a positive test case (requires C2<T> && C2<U> maybe?) in addition to the negative test case.

[saar.raz]

Address final CR comments by rsmith

[thakis]

This breaks tests on Windows: http://45.33.8.238/win/5368/step_7.txt

Please take a look and revert if it takes a while to investigate.

clang/include/clang/AST/ASTLambda.h

inline bool isLambdaConversionOperator(Decl *D) {
   return false;
 }
 
 inline bool isGenericLambdaCallOperatorSpecialization(DeclContext *DC) {
   return isGenericLambdaCallOperatorSpecialization(
                                           dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(DC));
 }
 
+inline bool isGenericLambdaCallOperatorOrStaticInvokerSpecialization(
+    DeclContext *DC) {
+  CXXMethodDecl *MD = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(DC);
+  if (!MD) return false;
+  const CXXRecordDecl *LambdaClass = MD->getParent();
+  if (LambdaClass && LambdaClass->isGenericLambda())
+    return (isLambdaCallOperator(MD) || MD->isLambdaStaticInvoker()) &&
+                    MD->isFunctionTemplateSpecialization();
+  return false;
+}
+
 
 // This returns the parent DeclContext ensuring that the correct
 // parent DeclContext is returned for Lambdas
 inline DeclContext *getLambdaAwareParentOfDeclContext(DeclContext *DC) {
   if (isLambdaCallOperator(DC))
     return DC->getParent()->getParent();
   else
     return DC->getParent();
 }
 
 } // clang
 
 #endif

clang/include/clang/AST/ASTNodeTraverser.h

void VisitFunctionDecl(const FunctionDecl *D) {
     if (D->param_begin())
       for (const auto *Parameter : D->parameters())
         Visit(Parameter);
 
     if (const auto *C = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(D))
       for (const auto *I : C->inits())
         Visit(I);
 
+    if (const Expr *TRC = D->getTrailingRequiresClause())
+      Visit(TRC);
+
     if (D->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody())
       Visit(D->getBody());
   }
 
   void VisitFieldDecl(const FieldDecl *D) {
     if (D->isBitField())
       Visit(D->getBitWidth());
     if (Expr *Init = D->getInClassInitializer())

clang/include/clang/AST/Decl.h

struct QualifierInfo {
   /// Sets info about "outer" template parameter lists.
   void setTemplateParameterListsInfo(ASTContext &Context,
                                      ArrayRef<TemplateParameterList *> TPLists);
 };
 
 /// Represents a ValueDecl that came out of a declarator.
 /// Contains type source information through TypeSourceInfo.
 class DeclaratorDecl : public ValueDecl {
-  // A struct representing both a TInfo and a syntactic qualifier,
-  // to be used for the (uncommon) case of out-of-line declarations.
+  // A struct representing a TInfo, a trailing requires-clause and a syntactic
+  // qualifier, to be used for the (uncommon) case of out-of-line declarations
+  // and constrained function decls.
   struct ExtInfo : public QualifierInfo {
     TypeSourceInfo *TInfo;
+    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr;
   };
 
   llvm::PointerUnion<TypeSourceInfo *, ExtInfo *> DeclInfo;
 
   /// The start of the source range for this declaration,
   /// ignoring outer template declarations.
   SourceLocation InnerLocStart;
 
public:
   /// present in the source.
   NestedNameSpecifierLoc getQualifierLoc() const {
     return hasExtInfo() ? getExtInfo()->QualifierLoc
                         : NestedNameSpecifierLoc();
   }
 
   void setQualifierInfo(NestedNameSpecifierLoc QualifierLoc);
 
+  /// \brief Get the constraint-expression introduced by the trailing
+  /// requires-clause in the function/member declaration, or null if no
+  /// requires-clause was provided.
+  Expr *getTrailingRequiresClause() {
+    return hasExtInfo() ? getExtInfo()->TrailingRequiresClause
+                        : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  const Expr *getTrailingRequiresClause() const {
+    return hasExtInfo() ? getExtInfo()->TrailingRequiresClause
+                        : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  void setTrailingRequiresClause(Expr *TrailingRequiresClause);
+
   unsigned getNumTemplateParameterLists() const {
     return hasExtInfo() ? getExtInfo()->NumTemplParamLists : 0;
   }
 
   TemplateParameterList *getTemplateParameterList(unsigned index) const {
     assert(index < getNumTemplateParameterLists());
     return getExtInfo()->TemplParamLists[index];
   }
private:
 
   /// State that an ODRHash has been stored.
   void setHasODRHash(bool B = true) { FunctionDeclBits.HasODRHash = B; }
 
 protected:
   FunctionDecl(Kind DK, ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass S, bool isInlineSpecified,
-               ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind);
+               ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+               Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
 
   using redeclarable_base = Redeclarable<FunctionDecl>;
 
   FunctionDecl *getNextRedeclarationImpl() override {
     return getNextRedeclaration();
   }
 
   FunctionDecl *getPreviousDeclImpl() override {
public:
   using redeclarable_base::getMostRecentDecl;
   using redeclarable_base::isFirstDecl;
 
   static FunctionDecl *
   Create(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation StartLoc,
          SourceLocation NLoc, DeclarationName N, QualType T,
          TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass SC, bool isInlineSpecified = false,
          bool hasWrittenPrototype = true,
-         ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind = CSK_unspecified) {
+         ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind = CSK_unspecified,
+         Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr) {
     DeclarationNameInfo NameInfo(N, NLoc);
     return FunctionDecl::Create(C, DC, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, SC,
                                 isInlineSpecified, hasWrittenPrototype,
-                                ConstexprKind);
+                                ConstexprKind, TrailingRequiresClause);
   }
 
   static FunctionDecl *Create(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC,
                               SourceLocation StartLoc,
                               const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                               TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass SC,
                               bool isInlineSpecified, bool hasWrittenPrototype,
-                              ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind);
+                              ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                              Expr *TrailingRequiresClause);
 
   static FunctionDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID);
 
   DeclarationNameInfo getNameInfo() const {
     return DeclarationNameInfo(getDeclName(), getLocation(), DNLoc);
   }
 
   void getNameForDiagnostic(raw_ostream &OS, const PrintingPolicy &Policy,
public:
   /// True if this function is a multiversioned processor specific function as a
   /// part of the cpu_specific/cpu_dispatch functionality.
   bool isCPUSpecificMultiVersion() const;
 
   /// True if this function is a multiversioned dispatch function as a part of
   /// the target functionality.
   bool isTargetMultiVersion() const;
 
+  /// \brief Get the associated-constraints of this function declaration.
+  /// Currently, this will either be a vector of size 1 containing the
+  /// trailing-requires-clause or an empty vector.
+  ///
+  /// Use this instead of getTrailingRequiresClause for concepts APIs that
+  /// accept an ArrayRef of constraint expressions.
+  void getAssociatedConstraints(SmallVectorImpl<const Expr *> &AC) const {
+    if (auto *TRC = getTrailingRequiresClause())
+      AC.push_back(TRC);
+  }
+
   void setPreviousDeclaration(FunctionDecl * PrevDecl);
 
   FunctionDecl *getCanonicalDecl() override;
   const FunctionDecl *getCanonicalDecl() const {
     return const_cast<FunctionDecl*>(this)->getCanonicalDecl();
   }
 
   unsigned getBuiltinID(bool ConsiderWrapperFunctions = false) const;

clang/include/clang/AST/DeclCXX.h

 class CXXMethodDecl : public FunctionDecl {
   void anchor() override;
 
 protected:
   CXXMethodDecl(Kind DK, ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD,
                 SourceLocation StartLoc, const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                 QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass SC,
                 bool isInline, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-                SourceLocation EndLocation)
+                SourceLocation EndLocation,
+                Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr)
       : FunctionDecl(DK, C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, SC, isInline,
-                     ConstexprKind) {
+                     ConstexprKind, TrailingRequiresClause) {
     if (EndLocation.isValid())
       setRangeEnd(EndLocation);
   }
 
 public:
   static CXXMethodDecl *Create(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD,
                                SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                                TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass SC,
                                bool isInline, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-                               SourceLocation EndLocation);
+                               SourceLocation EndLocation,
+                               Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
 
   static CXXMethodDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID);
 
   bool isStatic() const;
   bool isInstance() const { return !isStatic(); }
 
   /// Returns true if the given operator is implicitly static in a record
   /// context.
class CXXConstructorDecl final
   /// \{
   /// The arguments used to initialize the base or member.
   LazyCXXCtorInitializersPtr CtorInitializers;
 
   CXXConstructorDecl(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                      const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                      TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, ExplicitSpecifier ES, bool isInline,
                      bool isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-                     InheritedConstructor Inherited);
+                     InheritedConstructor Inherited,
+                     Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
 
   void anchor() override;
 
   size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<InheritedConstructor>) const {
     return CXXConstructorDeclBits.IsInheritingConstructor;
   }
   size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<ExplicitSpecifier>) const {
     return CXXConstructorDeclBits.HasTrailingExplicitSpecifier;
public:
 
   static CXXConstructorDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID,
                                                 uint64_t AllocKind);
   static CXXConstructorDecl *
   Create(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
          const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
          ExplicitSpecifier ES, bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared,
          ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-         InheritedConstructor Inherited = InheritedConstructor());
+         InheritedConstructor Inherited = InheritedConstructor(),
+         Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
 
   ExplicitSpecifier getExplicitSpecifier() {
     return getCanonicalDecl()->getExplicitSpecifierInternal();
   }
   const ExplicitSpecifier getExplicitSpecifier() const {
     return getCanonicalDecl()->getExplicitSpecifierInternal();
   }
 
class CXXDestructorDecl : public CXXMethodDecl {
   // FIXME: Don't allocate storage for these except in the first declaration
   // of a virtual destructor.
   FunctionDecl *OperatorDelete = nullptr;
   Expr *OperatorDeleteThisArg = nullptr;
 
   CXXDestructorDecl(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                     TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, bool isInline,
-                    bool isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind)
+                    bool isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr)
       : CXXMethodDecl(CXXDestructor, C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
-                      SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation()) {
+                      SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation(),
+                      TrailingRequiresClause) {
     setImplicit(isImplicitlyDeclared);
   }
 
   void anchor() override;
 
 public:
   static CXXDestructorDecl *Create(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD,
                                    SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                    const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                                    QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
                                    bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared,
-                                   ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind);
+                                   ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                                   Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
   static CXXDestructorDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext & C, unsigned ID);
 
   void setOperatorDelete(FunctionDecl *OD, Expr *ThisArg);
 
   const FunctionDecl *getOperatorDelete() const {
     return getCanonicalDecl()->OperatorDelete;
   }
 

 /// public:
 ///   operator bool();
 /// };
 /// \endcode
 class CXXConversionDecl : public CXXMethodDecl {
   CXXConversionDecl(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                     TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, bool isInline, ExplicitSpecifier ES,
-                    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, SourceLocation EndLocation)
+                    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, SourceLocation EndLocation,
+                    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr)
       : CXXMethodDecl(CXXConversion, C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
-                      SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, EndLocation),
+                      SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, EndLocation,
+                      TrailingRequiresClause),
         ExplicitSpec(ES) {}
   void anchor() override;
 
   ExplicitSpecifier ExplicitSpec;
 
   void setExplicitSpecifier(ExplicitSpecifier ES) { ExplicitSpec = ES; }
 
 public:
   friend class ASTDeclReader;
   friend class ASTDeclWriter;
 
   static CXXConversionDecl *
   Create(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
          const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
          bool isInline, ExplicitSpecifier ES, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-         SourceLocation EndLocation);
+         SourceLocation EndLocation, Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = nullptr);
   static CXXConversionDecl *CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID);
 
   ExplicitSpecifier getExplicitSpecifier() {
     return getCanonicalDecl()->ExplicitSpec;
   }
 
   const ExplicitSpecifier getExplicitSpecifier() const {
     return getCanonicalDecl()->ExplicitSpec;

clang/include/clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h

if (TypeSourceInfo *TSI = D->getTypeSourceInfo()) {
     // if the traverser is visiting implicit code. Parameter variable
     // declarations do not have valid TypeSourceInfo, so to visit them
     // we need to traverse the declarations explicitly.
     for (ParmVarDecl *Parameter : D->parameters()) {
       TRY_TO(TraverseDecl(Parameter));
     }
   }
 
+  // Visit the trailing requires clause, if any.
+  if (Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
+    TRY_TO(TraverseStmt(TrailingRequiresClause));
+  }
+
   if (CXXConstructorDecl *Ctor = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(D)) {
     // Constructor initializers.
     for (auto *I : Ctor->inits()) {
       if (I->isWritten() || getDerived().shouldVisitImplicitCode())
         TRY_TO(TraverseConstructorInitializer(I));
     }
   }
 

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td

def ext_expected_semi_decl_list : ExtWarn<
   "expected ';' at end of declaration list">;
 def err_expected_member_name_or_semi : Error<
   "expected member name or ';' after declaration specifiers">;
 def err_function_declared_typedef : Error<
   "function definition declared 'typedef'">;
 def err_at_defs_cxx : Error<"@defs is not supported in Objective-C++">;
 def err_at_in_class : Error<"unexpected '@' in member specification">;
 def err_unexpected_semi : Error<"unexpected ';' before %0">;
+def err_expected_primary_got_unary : Error<
+  "parentheses are required around %0 expression in this context">;
+def err_expected_primary_got_typename : Error<
+  "parentheses are required around initialization expression in this context">;
+def note_potential_bin_op_in_constraint_logical_or : Note<
+  "%0 is not considered part of the requires clause (use parentheses to "
+  "include it)">;
+def note_potential_function_call_in_constraint_logical_or : Note<
+  "function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires "
+  "clause">;
+def err_potential_function_call_in_constraint_logical_or : Error<
+  "function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires "
+  "clause">;
 
 def err_expected_fn_body : Error<
   "expected function body after function declarator">;
 def warn_attribute_on_function_definition : Warning<
   "GCC does not allow %0 attribute in this position on a function definition">,
   InGroup<GccCompat>;
 def warn_gcc_attribute_location : Warning<
   "GCC does not allow an attribute in this position on a function declaration">,

 def warn_cxx98_compat_generalized_initializer_lists : Warning<
   "generalized initializer lists are incompatible with C++98">,
   InGroup<CXX98Compat>, DefaultIgnore;
 def err_init_list_bin_op : Error<"initializer list cannot be used on the "
   "%select{left|right}0 hand side of operator '%1'">;
 def warn_cxx98_compat_trailing_return_type : Warning<
   "trailing return types are incompatible with C++98">,
   InGroup<CXX98Compat>, DefaultIgnore;
+def err_requires_clause_must_come_after_trailing_return : Error<
+  "trailing return type must come before trailing requires clause">;
+def err_requires_clause_on_declarator_not_declaring_a_function : Error<
+  "trailing requires clause can only be used when declaring a function">;
+def err_requires_clause_inside_parens : Error<
+  "trailing requires clause should be placed outside parentheses">;
 def ext_auto_storage_class : ExtWarn<
   "'auto' storage class specifier is not permitted in C++11, and will not "
   "be supported in future releases">, InGroup<DiagGroup<"auto-storage-class">>;
 def ext_decltype_auto_type_specifier : ExtWarn<
   "'decltype(auto)' type specifier is a C++14 extension">, InGroup<CXX14>;
 def warn_cxx11_compat_decltype_auto_type_specifier : Warning<
   "'decltype(auto)' type specifier is incompatible with C++ standards before "
   "C++14">, InGroup<CXXPre14Compat>, DefaultIgnore;

 def err_expected_capture : Error<
   "expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list">;
 def err_expected_lambda_body : Error<"expected body of lambda expression">;
 def warn_cxx98_compat_lambda : Warning<
   "lambda expressions are incompatible with C++98">,
   InGroup<CXX98Compat>, DefaultIgnore;
 def err_lambda_missing_parens : Error<
   "lambda requires '()' before %select{'mutable'|return type|"
-  "attribute specifier|'constexpr'|'consteval'}0">;
+  "attribute specifier|'constexpr'|'consteval'|'requires' clause}0">;
 def err_lambda_decl_specifier_repeated : Error<
   "%select{'mutable'|'constexpr'|'consteval'}0 cannot appear multiple times in a lambda declarator">;
 def err_lambda_capture_misplaced_ellipsis : Error<
   "ellipsis in pack %select{|init-}0capture must appear %select{after|before}0 "
   "the name of the capture">;
 def err_lambda_capture_multiple_ellipses : Error<
   "multiple ellipses in pack capture">;
 // C++17 lambda expressions

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

 def note_atomic_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
   "%select{and |because }0'%1' evaluated to false">;
 def note_concept_specialization_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
   "%select{and |because }0'%1' evaluated to false">;
 def note_single_arg_concept_specialization_constraint_evaluated_to_false : Note<
   "%select{and |because }0%1 does not satisfy %2">;
 def note_atomic_constraint_evaluated_to_false_elaborated : Note<
   "%select{and |because }0'%1' (%2 %3 %4) evaluated to false">;
+def err_constrained_virtual_method : Error<
+  "virtual function cannot have a requires clause">;
+def err_reference_to_function_with_unsatisfied_constraints : Error<
+  "invalid reference to function %0: constraints not satisfied">;
+def note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints : Note<
+  "similar constraint expressions not considered equivalent; constraint "
+  "expressions cannot be considered equivalent unless they originate from the "
+  "same concept">;
+def note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints_similar_expression : Note<
+  "similar constraint expression here">;
 
 def err_template_different_requires_clause : Error<
   "requires clause differs in template redeclaration">;
 
 // C++11 char16_t/char32_t
 def warn_cxx98_compat_unicode_type : Warning<
   "'%0' type specifier is incompatible with C++98">,
   InGroup<CXX98Compat>, DefaultIgnore;
def warn_diagnose_if_succeeded : Warning<"%0">, InGroup<UserDefinedWarnings>,
     ShowInSystemHeader;
 def note_ovl_candidate_disabled_by_function_cond_attr : Note<
     "candidate disabled: %0">;
 def note_ovl_candidate_disabled_by_extension : Note<
     "candidate unavailable as it requires OpenCL extension '%0' to be enabled">;
 def err_addrof_function_disabled_by_enable_if_attr : Error<
     "cannot take address of function %0 because it has one or more "
     "non-tautological enable_if conditions">;
+def err_addrof_function_constraints_not_satisfied : Error<
+    "cannot take address of function %0 because its constraints are not "
+    "satisfied">;
 def note_addrof_ovl_candidate_disabled_by_enable_if_attr : Note<
     "candidate function made ineligible by enable_if">;
 def note_ovl_candidate_deduced_mismatch : Note<
     "candidate template ignored: deduced type "
     "%diff{$ of %select{|element of }4%ordinal0 parameter does not match "
     "adjusted type $ of %select{|element of }4argument"
     "|of %select{|element of }4%ordinal0 parameter does not match "
     "adjusted type of %select{|element of }4argument}1,2%3">;
def note_ovl_candidate_bad_base_to_derived_conv : Note<
     "%select{base class pointer|superclass|base class object of type}3 %4 to "
     "%select{derived class pointer|subclass|derived class reference}3 %5 for "
     "%ordinal6 argument">;
 def note_ovl_candidate_bad_target : Note<
     "candidate %sub{select_ovl_candidate_kind}0,1,2 not viable: "
     "call to "
     "%select{__device__|__global__|__host__|__host__ __device__|invalid}3 function from"
     " %select{__device__|__global__|__host__|__host__ __device__|invalid}4 function">;
+def note_ovl_candidate_constraints_not_satisfied : Note<
+    "candidate %sub{select_ovl_candidate_kind}0,1,2 not viable: constraints "
+    "not satisfied">;
 def note_implicit_member_target_infer_collision : Note<
     "implicit %sub{select_special_member_kind}0 inferred target collision: call to both "
     "%select{__device__|__global__|__host__|__host__ __device__}1 and "
     "%select{__device__|__global__|__host__|__host__ __device__}2 members">;
 
 def note_ambiguous_type_conversion: Note<
     "because of ambiguity in conversion %diff{of $ to $|between types}0,1">;
 def note_ovl_builtin_candidate : Note<"built-in candidate %0">;
 def err_ovl_no_viable_function_in_init : Error<
   "no matching constructor for initialization of %0">;
 def err_ovl_no_conversion_in_cast : Error<
   "cannot convert %1 to %2 without a conversion operator">;
 def err_ovl_no_viable_conversion_in_cast : Error<
   "no matching conversion for %select{|static_cast|reinterpret_cast|"
   "dynamic_cast|C-style cast|functional-style cast}0 from %1 to %2">;

clang/include/clang/Parse/Parser.h

public:
   };
 
   ExprResult ParseExpression(TypeCastState isTypeCast = NotTypeCast);
   ExprResult ParseConstantExpressionInExprEvalContext(
       TypeCastState isTypeCast = NotTypeCast);
   ExprResult ParseConstantExpression(TypeCastState isTypeCast = NotTypeCast);
   ExprResult ParseCaseExpression(SourceLocation CaseLoc);
   ExprResult ParseConstraintExpression();
+  ExprResult
+  ParseConstraintLogicalAndExpression(Expr **RightMostExpr = nullptr);
+  ExprResult ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression();
   // Expr that doesn't include commas.
   ExprResult ParseAssignmentExpression(TypeCastState isTypeCast = NotTypeCast);
 
   ExprResult ParseMSAsmIdentifier(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<Token> &LineToks,
                                   unsigned &NumLineToksConsumed,
                                   bool IsUnevaluated);
 
 private:
   ExprResult ParseExpressionWithLeadingAt(SourceLocation AtLoc);
 
   ExprResult ParseExpressionWithLeadingExtension(SourceLocation ExtLoc);
 
   ExprResult ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(ExprResult LHS,
                                         prec::Level MinPrec);
-  ExprResult ParseCastExpression(bool isUnaryExpression,
+  /// Control what ParseCastExpression will parse.
+  enum CastParseKind {
+    AnyCastExpr = 0,
+    UnaryExprOnly,
+    PrimaryExprOnly
+  };
+  ExprResult ParseCastExpression(CastParseKind ParseKind,
                                  bool isAddressOfOperand,
                                  bool &NotCastExpr,
                                  TypeCastState isTypeCast,
                                  bool isVectorLiteral = false);
-  ExprResult ParseCastExpression(bool isUnaryExpression,
+  ExprResult ParseCastExpression(CastParseKind ParseKind,
                                  bool isAddressOfOperand = false,
                                  TypeCastState isTypeCast = NotTypeCast,
                                  bool isVectorLiteral = false);
 
   /// Returns true if the next token cannot start an expression.
   bool isNotExpressionStart();
 
   /// Returns true if the next token would start a postfix-expression
Sema::ConditionResult ParseCXXCondition(StmtResult *InitStmt,
                                           ForRangeInfo *FRI = nullptr);
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ Coroutines
 
   ExprResult ParseCoyieldExpression();
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  // C++ Concepts
+
+  void ParseTrailingRequiresClause(Declarator &D);
+
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C99 6.7.8: Initialization.
 
   /// ParseInitializer
   ///       initializer: [C99 6.7.8]
   ///         assignment-expression
   ///         '{' ...
   ExprResult ParseInitializer() {
     if (Tok.isNot(tok::l_brace))
private:
   void ParseDirectDeclarator(Declarator &D);
   void ParseDecompositionDeclarator(Declarator &D);
   void ParseParenDeclarator(Declarator &D);
   void ParseFunctionDeclarator(Declarator &D,
                                ParsedAttributes &attrs,
                                BalancedDelimiterTracker &Tracker,
                                bool IsAmbiguous,
                                bool RequiresArg = false);
+  void InitCXXThisScopeForDeclaratorIfRelevant(
+      const Declarator &D, const DeclSpec &DS,
+      llvm::Optional<Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII> &ThisScope);
   bool ParseRefQualifier(bool &RefQualifierIsLValueRef,
                          SourceLocation &RefQualifierLoc);
   bool isFunctionDeclaratorIdentifierList();
   void ParseFunctionDeclaratorIdentifierList(
          Declarator &D,
          SmallVectorImpl<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo> &ParamInfo);
   void ParseParameterDeclarationClause(
          Declarator &D,
void SkipCXXMemberSpecification(SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                   Decl *TagDecl);
   void ParseCXXMemberSpecification(SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                    SourceLocation AttrFixitLoc,
                                    ParsedAttributesWithRange &Attrs,
                                    unsigned TagType,
                                    Decl *TagDecl);
   ExprResult ParseCXXMemberInitializer(Decl *D, bool IsFunction,
                                        SourceLocation &EqualLoc);
-  bool ParseCXXMemberDeclaratorBeforeInitializer(Declarator &DeclaratorInfo,
-                                                 VirtSpecifiers &VS,
-                                                 ExprResult &BitfieldSize,
-                                                 LateParsedAttrList &LateAttrs);
+  bool
+  ParseCXXMemberDeclaratorBeforeInitializer(Declarator &DeclaratorInfo,
   void MaybeParseAndDiagnoseDeclSpecAfterCXX11VirtSpecifierSeq(Declarator &D,
                                                                VirtSpecifiers &VS);
   DeclGroupPtrTy ParseCXXClassMemberDeclaration(
       AccessSpecifier AS, ParsedAttributes &Attr,
       const ParsedTemplateInfo &TemplateInfo = ParsedTemplateInfo(),
       ParsingDeclRAIIObject *DiagsFromTParams = nullptr);
   DeclGroupPtrTy ParseCXXClassMemberDeclarationWithPragmas(
       AccessSpecifier &AS, ParsedAttributesWithRange &AccessAttrs,

clang/include/clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h

private:
   unsigned InlineStorageUsed : 1;
 
   /// Attrs - Attributes.
   ParsedAttributes Attrs;
 
   /// The asm label, if specified.
   Expr *AsmLabel;
 
+  /// \brief The constraint-expression specified by the trailing
+  /// requires-clause, or null if no such clause was specified.
+  Expr *TrailingRequiresClause;
+
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
   union {
 #endif
     /// InlineParams - This is a local array used for the first function decl
     /// chunk to avoid going to the heap for the common case when we have one
     /// function chunk in the declarator.
     DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo InlineParams[16];
     DecompositionDeclarator::Binding InlineBindings[16];

 
 public:
   Declarator(const DeclSpec &ds, DeclaratorContext C)
       : DS(ds), Range(ds.getSourceRange()), Context(C),
         InvalidType(DS.getTypeSpecType() == DeclSpec::TST_error),
         GroupingParens(false), FunctionDefinition(FDK_Declaration),
         Redeclaration(false), Extension(false), ObjCIvar(false),
         ObjCWeakProperty(false), InlineStorageUsed(false),
-        Attrs(ds.getAttributePool().getFactory()), AsmLabel(nullptr) {}
+        Attrs(ds.getAttributePool().getFactory()), AsmLabel(nullptr),
+        TrailingRequiresClause(nullptr) {}
 
   ~Declarator() {
     clear();
   }
   /// getDeclSpec - Return the declaration-specifier that this declarator was
   /// declared with.
   const DeclSpec &getDeclSpec() const { return DS; }
 
public:
   bool hasTrailingReturnType() const {
     for (const auto &Chunk : type_objects())
       if (Chunk.Kind == DeclaratorChunk::Function &&
           Chunk.Fun.hasTrailingReturnType())
         return true;
     return false;
   }
 
+  /// \brief Sets a trailing requires clause for this declarator.
+  void setTrailingRequiresClause(Expr *TRC) {
+    TrailingRequiresClause = TRC;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Sets a trailing requires clause for this declarator.
+  Expr *getTrailingRequiresClause() {
+    return TrailingRequiresClause;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Determine whether a trailing requires clause was written in this
+  /// declarator.
+  bool hasTrailingRequiresClause() const {
+    return TrailingRequiresClause != nullptr;
+  }
+
   /// takeAttributes - Takes attributes from the given parsed-attributes
   /// set and add them to this declarator.
   ///
   /// These examples both add 3 attributes to "var":
   ///  short int var __attribute__((aligned(16),common,deprecated));
   ///  short int x, __attribute__((aligned(16)) var
   ///                                 __attribute__((common,deprecated));
   ///

clang/include/clang/Sema/Overload.h

enum OverloadFailureKind {
 
     /// This candidate was not viable because it is a non-default multiversioned
     /// function.
     ovl_non_default_multiversion_function,
 
     /// This constructor/conversion candidate fail due to an address space
     /// mismatch between the object being constructed and the overload
     /// candidate.
-    ovl_fail_object_addrspace_mismatch
+    ovl_fail_object_addrspace_mismatch,
+
+    /// This candidate was not viable because its associated constraints were
+    /// not satisfied.
+    ovl_fail_constraints_not_satisfied,
   };
 
   /// A list of implicit conversion sequences for the arguments of an
   /// OverloadCandidate.
   using ConversionSequenceList =
       llvm::MutableArrayRef<ImplicitConversionSequence>;
 
   /// OverloadCandidate - A single candidate in an overload set (C++ 13.3).

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

 #include "clang/Sema/AnalysisBasedWarnings.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/CleanupInfo.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/ExternalSemaSource.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/IdentifierResolver.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/ObjCMethodList.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Ownership.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Scope.h"
+#include "clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TypoCorrection.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Weak.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallBitVector.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
public:
   void CheckForFunctionRedefinition(
       FunctionDecl *FD, const FunctionDecl *EffectiveDefinition = nullptr,
       SkipBodyInfo *SkipBody = nullptr);
   Decl *ActOnStartOfFunctionDef(Scope *S, Declarator &D,
                                 MultiTemplateParamsArg TemplateParamLists,
                                 SkipBodyInfo *SkipBody = nullptr);
   Decl *ActOnStartOfFunctionDef(Scope *S, Decl *D,
                                 SkipBodyInfo *SkipBody = nullptr);
+  void ActOnStartTrailingRequiresClause(Scope *S, Declarator &D);
   void ActOnStartOfObjCMethodDef(Scope *S, Decl *D);
   bool isObjCMethodDecl(Decl *D) {
     return D && isa<ObjCMethodDecl>(D);
   }
 
   /// Determine whether we can delay parsing the body of a function or
   /// function template until it is used, assuming we don't care about emitting
   /// code for that function.
enum OverloadKind {
     Ovl_NonFunction
   };
   OverloadKind CheckOverload(Scope *S,
                              FunctionDecl *New,
                              const LookupResult &OldDecls,
                              NamedDecl *&OldDecl,
                              bool IsForUsingDecl);
   bool IsOverload(FunctionDecl *New, FunctionDecl *Old, bool IsForUsingDecl,
-                  bool ConsiderCudaAttrs = true);
+                  bool ConsiderCudaAttrs = true,
+                  bool ConsiderRequiresClauses = true);
 
   ImplicitConversionSequence
   TryImplicitConversion(Expr *From, QualType ToType,
                         bool SuppressUserConversions,
                         bool AllowExplicit,
                         bool InOverloadResolution,
                         bool CStyle,
                         bool AllowObjCWritebackConversion);

   FunctionDecl *
   ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction(Expr *AddressOfExpr,
                                      QualType TargetType,
                                      bool Complain,
                                      DeclAccessPair &Found,
                                      bool *pHadMultipleCandidates = nullptr);
 
   FunctionDecl *
-  resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(Expr *E,
-                                              DeclAccessPair &FoundResult);
+  resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(Expr *E, DeclAccessPair &FoundResult);
 
-  bool resolveAndFixAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(
+  bool resolveAndFixAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(
       ExprResult &SrcExpr, bool DoFunctionPointerConversion = false);
 
   FunctionDecl *
   ResolveSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization(OverloadExpr *ovl,
                                               bool Complain = false,
                                               DeclAccessPair *Found = nullptr);
 
   bool ResolveAndFixSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization(
CXXRecordDecl *createLambdaClosureType(SourceRange IntroducerRange,
                                          LambdaCaptureDefault CaptureDefault);
 
   /// Start the definition of a lambda expression.
   CXXMethodDecl *startLambdaDefinition(CXXRecordDecl *Class,
                                        SourceRange IntroducerRange,
                                        TypeSourceInfo *MethodType,
                                        SourceLocation EndLoc,
                                        ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> Params,
-                                       ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind);
+                                       ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                                       Expr *TrailingRequiresClause);
 
   /// Number lambda for linkage purposes if necessary.
   void handleLambdaNumbering(
       CXXRecordDecl *Class, CXXMethodDecl *Method,
       Optional<std::tuple<unsigned, bool, Decl *>> Mangling = None);
 
   /// Endow the lambda scope info with the relevant properties.
   void buildLambdaScope(sema::LambdaScopeInfo *LSI,
void DefineImplicitLambdaToBlockPointerConversion(SourceLocation CurrentLoc,
                                                     CXXConversionDecl *Conv);
 
   ExprResult BuildBlockForLambdaConversion(SourceLocation CurrentLocation,
                                            SourceLocation ConvLocation,
                                            CXXConversionDecl *Conv,
                                            Expr *Src);
 
   /// Check whether the given expression is a valid constraint expression.
-  /// A diagnostic is emitted if it is not, and false is returned.
-  bool CheckConstraintExpression(Expr *CE);
+  /// A diagnostic is emitted if it is not, false is returned and \p Culprit
+  /// (if non-null) will contain the first atomic constraint expression that
+  /// caused the problem.
+  bool CheckConstraintExpression(Expr *CE, Expr **Culprit = nullptr);
+
+  /// Check whether the given type-dependent expression will be the name of a
+  /// function or another callable function-like entity (e.g. a function
+  // emplate or overload set) for any substitution.
+  bool IsDependentFunctionNameExpr(Expr *E);
 
 private:
   /// \brief Caches pairs of template-like decls whose associated constraints
   /// were checked for subsumption and whether or not the first's constraints
   /// did in fact subsume the second's.
   llvm::DenseMap<std::pair<NamedDecl *, NamedDecl *>, bool> SubsumptionCache;
+  /// \brief Caches pairs of template-like decls whose associated constraints
+  /// were checked for subsumption and whether or not the first's constraints
+  /// did in fact subsume the second's.
+  llvm::DenseMap<NamedDecl *, Optional<NormalizedConstraint>>
+      NormalizationCache;
 
 public:
+  NormalizedConstraint *
+  getNormalizedAssociatedConstraints(
+      NamedDecl *ConstrainedDecl, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AssociatedConstraints);
+
   /// \brief Check whether the given declaration's associated constraints are
   /// at least as constrained than another declaration's according to the
   /// partial ordering of constraints.
   ///
   /// \param Result If no error occurred, receives the result of true if D1 is
   /// at least constrained than D2, and false otherwise.
   ///
   /// \returns true if an error occurred, false otherwise.
   bool IsAtLeastAsConstrained(NamedDecl *D1, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC1,
                               NamedDecl *D2, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC2,
                               bool &Result);
 
+  /// \brief If D1 was not at least as constrained as D2, but would've been if
+  /// a pair of atomic constraints involved had been declared in a concept and
+  /// not repeated in two separate places in code.
+  /// \returns true if such a diagnostic was emitted, false otherwise.
+  bool MaybeEmitAmbiguousAtomicConstraintsDiagnostic(NamedDecl *D1,
+      ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC1, NamedDecl *D2, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC2);
+
   /// \brief Check whether the given list of constraint expressions are
   /// satisfied (as if in a 'conjunction') given template arguments.
   /// \param ConstraintExprs a list of constraint expressions, treated as if
   /// they were 'AND'ed together.
   /// \param TemplateArgs the list of template arguments to substitute into the
   /// constraint expression.
   /// \param TemplateIDRange The source range of the template id that
   /// caused the constraints check.
SubstTemplateName(NestedNameSpecifierLoc QualifierLoc, TemplateName Name,
                     SourceLocation Loc,
                     const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs);
   bool Subst(const TemplateArgumentLoc *Args, unsigned NumArgs,
              TemplateArgumentListInfo &Result,
              const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs);
 
   void InstantiateExceptionSpec(SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
                                 FunctionDecl *Function);
+  bool CheckInstantiatedFunctionTemplateConstraints(
+      SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation, FunctionDecl *Decl,
+      ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
+      ConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction);
   FunctionDecl *InstantiateFunctionDeclaration(FunctionTemplateDecl *FTD,
                                                const TemplateArgumentList *Args,
                                                SourceLocation Loc);
   void InstantiateFunctionDefinition(SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation,
                                      FunctionDecl *Function,
                                      bool Recursive = false,
                                      bool DefinitionRequired = false,
                                      bool AtEndOfTU = false);

clang/include/clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h

+//===-- SemaConcept.h - Semantic Analysis for Constraints and Concepts ----===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+///
+//  This file provides semantic analysis for C++ constraints and concepts.
+///
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_SEMACONCEPT_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_SEMACONCEPT_H
+#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+namespace clang {
+class Sema;
+
+struct AtomicConstraint {
+  const Expr *ConstraintExpr;
+  Optional<SmallVector<TemplateArgumentLoc, 3>> ParameterMapping;
+
+  AtomicConstraint(Sema &S, const Expr *ConstraintExpr) :
+      ConstraintExpr(ConstraintExpr) { };
+
+  bool hasMatchingParameterMapping(ASTContext &C,
+                                   const AtomicConstraint &Other) const {
+    if (!ParameterMapping != !Other.ParameterMapping)
+      return false;
+    if (!ParameterMapping)
+      return true;
+    if (ParameterMapping->size() != Other.ParameterMapping->size())
+      return false;
+
+    for (unsigned I = 0, S = ParameterMapping->size(); I < S; ++I)
+      if (!C.getCanonicalTemplateArgument((*ParameterMapping)[I].getArgument())
+               .structurallyEquals(C.getCanonicalTemplateArgument(
+                  (*Other.ParameterMapping)[I].getArgument())))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool subsumes(ASTContext &C, const AtomicConstraint &Other) const {
+    // C++ [temp.constr.order] p2
+    //   - an atomic constraint A subsumes another atomic constraint B
+    //     if and only if the A and B are identical [...]
+    //
+    // C++ [temp.constr.atomic] p2
+    //   Two atomic constraints are identical if they are formed from the
+    //   same expression and the targets of the parameter mappings are
+    //   equivalent according to the rules for expressions [...]
+
+    // We do not actually substitute the parameter mappings into the
+    // constraint expressions, therefore the constraint expressions are
+    // the originals, and comparing them will suffice.
+    if (ConstraintExpr != Other.ConstraintExpr)
+      return false;
+
+    // Check that the parameter lists are identical
+    return hasMatchingParameterMapping(C, Other);
+  }
+};
+
+/// \brief A normalized constraint, as defined in C++ [temp.constr.normal], is
+/// either an atomic constraint, a conjunction of normalized constraints or a
+/// disjunction of normalized constraints.
+struct NormalizedConstraint {
+  friend class Sema;
+
+  enum CompoundConstraintKind { CCK_Conjunction, CCK_Disjunction };
+
+  using CompoundConstraint = llvm::PointerIntPair<
+      std::pair<NormalizedConstraint, NormalizedConstraint> *, 1,
+      CompoundConstraintKind>;
+
+  llvm::PointerUnion<AtomicConstraint *, CompoundConstraint> Constraint;
+
+  NormalizedConstraint(AtomicConstraint *C): Constraint{C} { };
+  NormalizedConstraint(ASTContext &C, NormalizedConstraint LHS,
+                       NormalizedConstraint RHS, CompoundConstraintKind Kind)
+      : Constraint{CompoundConstraint{
+            new (C) std::pair<NormalizedConstraint, NormalizedConstraint>{LHS,
+                                                                          RHS},
+            Kind}} { };
+
+  CompoundConstraintKind getCompoundKind() const {
+    assert(!isAtomic() && "getCompoundKind called on atomic constraint.");
+    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getInt();
+  }
+
+  bool isAtomic() const { return Constraint.is<AtomicConstraint *>(); }
+
+  NormalizedConstraint &getLHS() const {
+    assert(!isAtomic() && "getLHS called on atomic constraint.");
+    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getPointer()->first;
+  }
+
+  NormalizedConstraint &getRHS() const {
+    assert(!isAtomic() && "getRHS called on atomic constraint.");
+    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getPointer()->second;
+  }
+
+  AtomicConstraint *getAtomicConstraint() const {
+    assert(isAtomic() &&
+           "getAtomicConstraint called on non-atomic constraint.");
+    return Constraint.get<AtomicConstraint *>();
+  }
+
+private:
+  static Optional<NormalizedConstraint>
+  fromConstraintExprs(Sema &S, NamedDecl *D, ArrayRef<const Expr *> E);
+  static Optional<NormalizedConstraint>
+  fromConstraintExpr(Sema &S, NamedDecl *D, const Expr *E);
+};
+
+} // clang
+
+#endif //LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_SEMACONCEPT_H

clang/lib/AST/ASTImporter.cpp

if (const auto *FromFPT = FromTy->getAs<FunctionProtoType>()) {
     FromTy = Importer.getFromContext().getFunctionType(
         FromReturnTy, FromFPT->getParamTypes(), FromEPI);
   }
 
   QualType T;
   TypeSourceInfo *TInfo;
   SourceLocation ToInnerLocStart, ToEndLoc;
   NestedNameSpecifierLoc ToQualifierLoc;
+  Expr *TrailingRequiresClause;
   if (auto Imp = importSeq(
       FromTy, D->getTypeSourceInfo(), D->getInnerLocStart(),
-      D->getQualifierLoc(), D->getEndLoc()))
-    std::tie(T, TInfo, ToInnerLocStart, ToQualifierLoc, ToEndLoc) = *Imp;
+      D->getQualifierLoc(), D->getEndLoc(), D->getTrailingRequiresClause()))
+    std::tie(T, TInfo, ToInnerLocStart, ToQualifierLoc, ToEndLoc,
+             TrailingRequiresClause) = *Imp;
   else
     return Imp.takeError();
 
   // Import the function parameters.
   SmallVector<ParmVarDecl *, 8> Parameters;
   for (auto P : D->parameters()) {
     if (Expected<ParmVarDecl *> ToPOrErr = import(P))
       Parameters.push_back(*ToPOrErr);
if (FromConstructor->getExplicitSpecifier().getExpr()) {
       std::tie(ExplicitExpr) = *Imp;
     }
     if (GetImportedOrCreateDecl<CXXConstructorDecl>(
             ToFunction, D, Importer.getToContext(), cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC),
             ToInnerLocStart, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
             ExplicitSpecifier(
                 ExplicitExpr,
                 FromConstructor->getExplicitSpecifier().getKind()),
-            D->isInlineSpecified(), D->isImplicit(), D->getConstexprKind()))
+            D->isInlineSpecified(), D->isImplicit(), D->getConstexprKind(),
+            InheritedConstructor(), TrailingRequiresClause))
       return ToFunction;
   } else if (CXXDestructorDecl *FromDtor = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(D)) {
 
     auto Imp =
         importSeq(const_cast<FunctionDecl *>(FromDtor->getOperatorDelete()),
                   FromDtor->getOperatorDeleteThisArg());
 
     if (!Imp)
       return Imp.takeError();
 
     FunctionDecl *ToOperatorDelete;
     Expr *ToThisArg;
     std::tie(ToOperatorDelete, ToThisArg) = *Imp;
 
     if (GetImportedOrCreateDecl<CXXDestructorDecl>(
         ToFunction, D, Importer.getToContext(), cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC),
         ToInnerLocStart, NameInfo, T, TInfo, D->isInlineSpecified(),
-        D->isImplicit(), D->getConstexprKind()))
+        D->isImplicit(), D->getConstexprKind(), TrailingRequiresClause))
       return ToFunction;
 
     CXXDestructorDecl *ToDtor = cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(ToFunction);
 
     ToDtor->setOperatorDelete(ToOperatorDelete, ToThisArg);
   } else if (CXXConversionDecl *FromConversion =
                  dyn_cast<CXXConversionDecl>(D)) {
     Expr *ExplicitExpr = nullptr;
     if (FromConversion->getExplicitSpecifier().getExpr()) {
       auto Imp = importSeq(FromConversion->getExplicitSpecifier().getExpr());
       if (!Imp)
         return Imp.takeError();
       std::tie(ExplicitExpr) = *Imp;
     }
     if (GetImportedOrCreateDecl<CXXConversionDecl>(
             ToFunction, D, Importer.getToContext(), cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC),
             ToInnerLocStart, NameInfo, T, TInfo, D->isInlineSpecified(),
             ExplicitSpecifier(ExplicitExpr,
                               FromConversion->getExplicitSpecifier().getKind()),
-            D->getConstexprKind(), SourceLocation()))
+            D->getConstexprKind(), SourceLocation(), TrailingRequiresClause))
       return ToFunction;
   } else if (auto *Method = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(D)) {
     if (GetImportedOrCreateDecl<CXXMethodDecl>(
             ToFunction, D, Importer.getToContext(), cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC),
             ToInnerLocStart, NameInfo, T, TInfo, Method->getStorageClass(),
             Method->isInlineSpecified(), D->getConstexprKind(),
-            SourceLocation()))
+            SourceLocation(), TrailingRequiresClause))
       return ToFunction;
   } else {
     if (GetImportedOrCreateDecl(
             ToFunction, D, Importer.getToContext(), DC, ToInnerLocStart,
             NameInfo, T, TInfo, D->getStorageClass(), D->isInlineSpecified(),
-            D->hasWrittenPrototype(), D->getConstexprKind()))
+            D->hasWrittenPrototype(), D->getConstexprKind(),
+            TrailingRequiresClause))
       return ToFunction;
   }
 
   // Connect the redecl chain.
   if (FoundByLookup) {
     auto *Recent = const_cast<FunctionDecl *>(
           FoundByLookup->getMostRecentDecl());
     ToFunction->setPreviousDecl(Recent);

clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp

if (!hasExtInfo()) {
       // Restore savedTInfo into (extended) decl info.
       getExtInfo()->TInfo = savedTInfo;
     }
     // Set qualifier info.
     getExtInfo()->QualifierLoc = QualifierLoc;
   } else {
     // Here Qualifier == 0, i.e., we are removing the qualifier (if any).
     if (hasExtInfo()) {
-      if (getExtInfo()->NumTemplParamLists == 0) {
+      if (getExtInfo()->NumTemplParamLists == 0 &&
+          !getExtInfo()->TrailingRequiresClause) {
         // Save type source info pointer.
         TypeSourceInfo *savedTInfo = getExtInfo()->TInfo;
         // Deallocate the extended decl info.
         getASTContext().Deallocate(getExtInfo());
         // Restore savedTInfo into (non-extended) decl info.
         DeclInfo = savedTInfo;
       }
       else
         getExtInfo()->QualifierLoc = QualifierLoc;
     }
   }
 }
 
+void DeclaratorDecl::setTrailingRequiresClause(Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
+  assert(TrailingRequiresClause);
+  // Make sure the extended decl info is allocated.
+  if (!hasExtInfo()) {
+    // Save (non-extended) type source info pointer.
+    auto *savedTInfo = DeclInfo.get<TypeSourceInfo*>();
+    // Allocate external info struct.
+    DeclInfo = new (getASTContext()) ExtInfo;
+    // Restore savedTInfo into (extended) decl info.
+    getExtInfo()->TInfo = savedTInfo;
+  }
+  // Set requires clause info.
+  getExtInfo()->TrailingRequiresClause = TrailingRequiresClause;
+}
+
 void DeclaratorDecl::setTemplateParameterListsInfo(
     ASTContext &Context, ArrayRef<TemplateParameterList *> TPLists) {
   assert(!TPLists.empty());
   // Make sure the extended decl info is allocated.
   if (!hasExtInfo()) {
     // Save (non-extended) type source info pointer.
     auto *savedTInfo = DeclInfo.get<TypeSourceInfo*>();
     // Allocate external info struct.

 // FunctionDecl Implementation
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 FunctionDecl::FunctionDecl(Kind DK, ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC,
                            SourceLocation StartLoc,
                            const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T,
                            TypeSourceInfo *TInfo, StorageClass S,
                            bool isInlineSpecified,
-                           ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind)
+                           ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                           Expr *TrailingRequiresClause)
     : DeclaratorDecl(DK, DC, NameInfo.getLoc(), NameInfo.getName(), T, TInfo,
                      StartLoc),
       DeclContext(DK), redeclarable_base(C), Body(), ODRHash(0),
       EndRangeLoc(NameInfo.getEndLoc()), DNLoc(NameInfo.getInfo()) {
   assert(T.isNull() || T->isFunctionType());
   FunctionDeclBits.SClass = S;
   FunctionDeclBits.IsInline = isInlineSpecified;
   FunctionDeclBits.IsInlineSpecified = isInlineSpecified;
FunctionDecl::FunctionDecl(Kind DK, ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC,
   FunctionDeclBits.InstantiationIsPending = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.UsesSEHTry = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.UsesFPIntrin = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.HasSkippedBody = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.WillHaveBody = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.IsMultiVersion = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.IsCopyDeductionCandidate = false;
   FunctionDeclBits.HasODRHash = false;
+  if (TrailingRequiresClause)
+    setTrailingRequiresClause(TrailingRequiresClause);
 }
 
 void FunctionDecl::getNameForDiagnostic(
     raw_ostream &OS, const PrintingPolicy &Policy, bool Qualified) const {
   NamedDecl::getNameForDiagnostic(OS, Policy, Qualified);
   const TemplateArgumentList *TemplateArgs = getTemplateSpecializationArgs();
   if (TemplateArgs)
     printTemplateArgumentList(OS, TemplateArgs->asArray(), Policy);

 }
 
 FunctionDecl *FunctionDecl::Create(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC,
                                    SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                    const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                                    QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
                                    StorageClass SC, bool isInlineSpecified,
                                    bool hasWrittenPrototype,
-                                   ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind) {
+                                   ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                                   Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   FunctionDecl *New =
       new (C, DC) FunctionDecl(Function, C, DC, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
-                               SC, isInlineSpecified, ConstexprKind);
+                               SC, isInlineSpecified, ConstexprKind,
+                               TrailingRequiresClause);
   New->setHasWrittenPrototype(hasWrittenPrototype);
   return New;
 }
 
 FunctionDecl *FunctionDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID) FunctionDecl(Function, C, nullptr, SourceLocation(),
                                   DeclarationNameInfo(), QualType(), nullptr,
-                                  SC_None, false, CSK_unspecified);
+                                  SC_None, false, CSK_unspecified, nullptr);
 }
 
 BlockDecl *BlockDecl::Create(ASTContext &C, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation L) {
   return new (C, DC) BlockDecl(DC, L);
 }
 
 BlockDecl *BlockDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID) BlockDecl(nullptr, SourceLocation());

clang/lib/AST/DeclCXX.cpp

 }
 
 CXXMethodDecl *CXXMethodDecl::Create(ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD,
                                      SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                      const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo,
                                      QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
                                      StorageClass SC, bool isInline,
                                      ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-                                     SourceLocation EndLocation) {
+                                     SourceLocation EndLocation,
+                                     Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   return new (C, RD)
       CXXMethodDecl(CXXMethod, C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, SC,
-                    isInline, ConstexprKind, EndLocation);
+                    isInline, ConstexprKind, EndLocation,
+                    TrailingRequiresClause);
 }
 
 CXXMethodDecl *CXXMethodDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID) CXXMethodDecl(
       CXXMethod, C, nullptr, SourceLocation(), DeclarationNameInfo(),
-      QualType(), nullptr, SC_None, false, CSK_unspecified, SourceLocation());
+      QualType(), nullptr, SC_None, false, CSK_unspecified, SourceLocation(),
+      nullptr);
 }
 
 CXXMethodDecl *CXXMethodDecl::getDevirtualizedMethod(const Expr *Base,
                                                      bool IsAppleKext) {
   assert(isVirtual() && "this method is expected to be virtual");
 
   // When building with -fapple-kext, all calls must go through the vtable since
   // the kernel linker can do runtime patching of vtables.
SourceRange CXXCtorInitializer::getSourceRange() const {
 
   return SourceRange(getSourceLocation(), getRParenLoc());
 }
 
 CXXConstructorDecl::CXXConstructorDecl(
     ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
     ExplicitSpecifier ES, bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared,
-    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, InheritedConstructor Inherited)
+    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, InheritedConstructor Inherited,
+    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause)
     : CXXMethodDecl(CXXConstructor, C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
-                    SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation()) {
+                    SC_None, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation(),
+                    TrailingRequiresClause) {
   setNumCtorInitializers(0);
   setInheritingConstructor(static_cast<bool>(Inherited));
   setImplicit(isImplicitlyDeclared);
   CXXConstructorDeclBits.HasTrailingExplicitSpecifier = ES.getExpr() ? 1 : 0;
   if (Inherited)
     *getTrailingObjects<InheritedConstructor>() = Inherited;
   setExplicitSpecifier(ES);
 }
CXXConstructorDecl *CXXConstructorDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C,
   Result->setExplicitSpecifier(ExplicitSpecifier());
   return Result;
 }
 
 CXXConstructorDecl *CXXConstructorDecl::Create(
     ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
     ExplicitSpecifier ES, bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared,
-    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, InheritedConstructor Inherited) {
+    ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind, InheritedConstructor Inherited,
+    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   assert(NameInfo.getName().getNameKind()
          == DeclarationName::CXXConstructorName &&
          "Name must refer to a constructor");
   unsigned Extra =
       additionalSizeToAlloc<InheritedConstructor, ExplicitSpecifier>(
           Inherited ? 1 : 0, ES.getExpr() ? 1 : 0);
   return new (C, RD, Extra)
       CXXConstructorDecl(C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, ES, isInline,
-                         isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprKind, Inherited);
+                         isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprKind, Inherited,
+                         TrailingRequiresClause);
 }
 
 CXXConstructorDecl::init_const_iterator CXXConstructorDecl::init_begin() const {
   return CtorInitializers.get(getASTContext().getExternalSource());
 }
 
 CXXConstructorDecl *CXXConstructorDecl::getTargetConstructor() const {
   assert(isDelegatingConstructor() && "Not a delegating constructor!");

 }
 
 void CXXDestructorDecl::anchor() {}
 
 CXXDestructorDecl *
 CXXDestructorDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID)
       CXXDestructorDecl(C, nullptr, SourceLocation(), DeclarationNameInfo(),
-                        QualType(), nullptr, false, false, CSK_unspecified);
+                        QualType(), nullptr, false, false, CSK_unspecified,
+                        nullptr);
 }
 
 CXXDestructorDecl *CXXDestructorDecl::Create(
     ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
-    bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind) {
+    bool isInline, bool isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+    Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   assert(NameInfo.getName().getNameKind()
          == DeclarationName::CXXDestructorName &&
          "Name must refer to a destructor");
   return new (C, RD)
       CXXDestructorDecl(C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, isInline,
-                        isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprKind);
+                        isImplicitlyDeclared, ConstexprKind,
+                        TrailingRequiresClause);
 }
 
 void CXXDestructorDecl::setOperatorDelete(FunctionDecl *OD, Expr *ThisArg) {
   auto *First = cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(getFirstDecl());
   if (OD && !First->OperatorDelete) {
     First->OperatorDelete = OD;
     First->OperatorDeleteThisArg = ThisArg;
     if (auto *L = getASTMutationListener())
       L->ResolvedOperatorDelete(First, OD, ThisArg);
   }
 }
 
 void CXXConversionDecl::anchor() {}
 
 CXXConversionDecl *
 CXXConversionDecl::CreateDeserialized(ASTContext &C, unsigned ID) {
   return new (C, ID) CXXConversionDecl(
       C, nullptr, SourceLocation(), DeclarationNameInfo(), QualType(), nullptr,
-      false, ExplicitSpecifier(), CSK_unspecified, SourceLocation());
+      false, ExplicitSpecifier(), CSK_unspecified, SourceLocation(), nullptr);
 }
 
 CXXConversionDecl *CXXConversionDecl::Create(
     ASTContext &C, CXXRecordDecl *RD, SourceLocation StartLoc,
     const DeclarationNameInfo &NameInfo, QualType T, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
     bool isInline, ExplicitSpecifier ES, ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
-    SourceLocation EndLocation) {
+    SourceLocation EndLocation, Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   assert(NameInfo.getName().getNameKind()
          == DeclarationName::CXXConversionFunctionName &&
          "Name must refer to a conversion function");
   return new (C, RD)
       CXXConversionDecl(C, RD, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo, isInline, ES,
-                        ConstexprKind, EndLocation);
+                        ConstexprKind, EndLocation, TrailingRequiresClause);
 }
 
 bool CXXConversionDecl::isLambdaToBlockPointerConversion() const {
   return isImplicit() && getParent()->isLambda() &&
          getConversionType()->isBlockPointerType();
 }
 
 LinkageSpecDecl::LinkageSpecDecl(DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation ExternLoc,

clang/lib/AST/DeclPrinter.cpp

if (CDecl) {
           Out << "auto ";
         Out << Proto << " -> ";
         Proto.clear();
       }
       AFT->getReturnType().print(Out, Policy, Proto);
       Proto.clear();
     }
     Out << Proto;
+
+    if (Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
+      Out << " requires ";
+      TrailingRequiresClause->printPretty(Out, nullptr, SubPolicy, Indentation);
+    }
   } else {
     Ty.print(Out, Policy, Proto);
   }
 
   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
 
   if (D->isPure())
     Out << " = 0";

clang/lib/AST/DeclTemplate.cpp

TemplateDecl::TemplateDecl(Kind DK, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation L,
                            DeclarationName Name, TemplateParameterList *Params,
                            NamedDecl *Decl)
     : NamedDecl(DK, DC, L, Name), TemplatedDecl(Decl), TemplateParams(Params) {}
 
 void TemplateDecl::anchor() {}
 
 void TemplateDecl::
 getAssociatedConstraints(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<const Expr *> &AC) const {
-  // TODO: Concepts: Append function trailing requires clause.
   TemplateParams->getAssociatedConstraints(AC);
+  if (auto *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(getTemplatedDecl()))
+    if (const Expr *TRC = FD->getTrailingRequiresClause())
+      AC.push_back(TRC);
 }
 
 bool TemplateDecl::hasAssociatedConstraints() const {
-  // TODO: Concepts: Regard function trailing requires clause.
-  return TemplateParams->hasAssociatedConstraints();
+  if (TemplateParams->hasAssociatedConstraints())
+    return true;
+  if (auto *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(getTemplatedDecl()))
+    return FD->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  return false;
 }
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // RedeclarableTemplateDecl Implementation
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 void RedeclarableTemplateDecl::anchor() {}
 

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp

if (Tok.is(tok::kw__Noreturn)) {
 
       Diag(Loc, diag::err_c11_noreturn_misplaced)
           << (Fixit ? FixItHint::CreateRemoval(Loc) : FixItHint())
           << (Fixit ? FixItHint::CreateInsertion(D.getBeginLoc(), "_Noreturn ")
                     : FixItHint());
     }
   }
 
+  if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+    ParseTrailingRequiresClause(D);
+
   // Check to see if we have a function *definition* which must have a body.
   if (D.isFunctionDeclarator() &&
       // Look at the next token to make sure that this isn't a function
       // declaration.  We have to check this because __attribute__ might be the
       // start of a function definition in GCC-extended K&R C.
       !isDeclarationAfterDeclarator()) {
 
     // Function definitions are only allowed at file scope and in C++ classes.
if (Context == DeclaratorContext::FileContext) {
       if (Tok.is(tok::l_brace)) {
         Diag(Tok, diag::err_function_definition_not_allowed);
         SkipMalformedDecl();
         return nullptr;
       }
     }
   }
 
   if (ParseAsmAttributesAfterDeclarator(D))
     return nullptr;
 
   // C++0x [stmt.iter]p1: Check if we have a for-range-declarator. If so, we
   // must parse and analyze the for-range-initializer before the declaration is
   // analyzed.
   //
   // Handle the Objective-C for-in loop variable similarly, although we
   // don't need to parse the container in advance.
   if (FRI && (Tok.is(tok::colon) || isTokIdentifier_in())) {
while (TryConsumeToken(tok::comma, CommaLoc)) {
     MaybeParseGNUAttributes(D);
 
     // MSVC parses but ignores qualifiers after the comma as an extension.
     if (getLangOpts().MicrosoftExt)
       DiagnoseAndSkipExtendedMicrosoftTypeAttributes();
 
     ParseDeclarator(D);
     if (!D.isInvalidType()) {
+      // C++2a [dcl.decl]p1
+      //    init-declarator:
+      //        declarator initializer[opt]
+      //        declarator requires-clause
+      if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+        ParseTrailingRequiresClause(D);
       Decl *ThisDecl = ParseDeclarationAfterDeclarator(D);
       D.complete(ThisDecl);
       if (ThisDecl)
         DeclsInGroup.push_back(ThisDecl);
     }
   }
 
   if (DeclEnd)
void pop() {
       ThisDecl = nullptr;
     }
   };
 
   // Inform the current actions module that we just parsed this declarator.
   Decl *ThisDecl = nullptr;
   switch (TemplateInfo.Kind) {
   case ParsedTemplateInfo::NonTemplate:
     ThisDecl = Actions.ActOnDeclarator(getCurScope(), D);
     break;
 
   case ParsedTemplateInfo::Template:
   case ParsedTemplateInfo::ExplicitSpecialization: {
     ThisDecl = Actions.ActOnTemplateDeclarator(getCurScope(),
                                                *TemplateInfo.TemplateParams,
                                                D);
     if (VarTemplateDecl *VT = dyn_cast_or_null<VarTemplateDecl>(ThisDecl))
       // Re-direct this decl to refer to the templated decl so that we can
if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
       }
       ParsedAttributes attrs(AttrFactory);
       BalancedDelimiterTracker T(*this, tok::l_paren);
       T.consumeOpen();
       ParseFunctionDeclarator(D, attrs, T, IsAmbiguous);
       PrototypeScope.Exit();
     } else if (Tok.is(tok::l_square)) {
       ParseBracketDeclarator(D);
+    } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires)) {
+      if (D.hasGroupingParens())
+        // This declarator is declaring a function, but the requires clause is
+        // in the wrong place:
+        //   void (f() requires true);
+        // instead of
+        //   void f() requires true;
+        // or
+        //   void (f()) requires true;
+        Diag(Tok, diag::err_requires_clause_inside_parens);
+      else
+        // This requires clause is in the right place, but will be parsed later
+        // as part of the init-declarator, member-declarator or
+        // function-definition.
+        break;
+      ConsumeToken();
+      ExprResult TrailingRequiresClause = Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(
+          ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression());
+      if (TrailingRequiresClause.isUsable() && D.isFunctionDeclarator() &&
+          !D.hasTrailingRequiresClause())
+        // We're already ill-formed if we got here but we'll accept it anyway.
+        D.setTrailingRequiresClause(TrailingRequiresClause.get());
     } else {
       break;
     }
   }
 }
 
 void Parser::ParseDecompositionDeclarator(Declarator &D) {
   assert(Tok.is(tok::l_square));
 
   // If this doesn't look like a structured binding, maybe it's a misplaced
   // array declarator.
   // FIXME: Consume the l_square first so we don't need extra lookahead for
void Parser::ParseParenDeclarator(Declarator &D) {
   ParseScope PrototypeScope(this,
                             Scope::FunctionPrototypeScope | Scope::DeclScope |
                             (D.isFunctionDeclaratorAFunctionDeclaration()
                                ? Scope::FunctionDeclarationScope : 0));
   ParseFunctionDeclarator(D, attrs, T, false, RequiresArg);
   PrototypeScope.Exit();
 }
 
+void Parser::InitCXXThisScopeForDeclaratorIfRelevant(
+    const Declarator &D, const DeclSpec &DS,
+    llvm::Optional<Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII> &ThisScope) {
+  // C++11 [expr.prim.general]p3:
+  //   If a declaration declares a member function or member function
+  //   template of a class X, the expression this is a prvalue of type
+  //   "pointer to cv-qualifier-seq X" between the optional cv-qualifer-seq
+  //   and the end of the function-definition, member-declarator, or
+  //   declarator.
+  // FIXME: currently, "static" case isn't handled correctly.
+  bool IsCXX11MemberFunction = getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 &&
+        D.getDeclSpec().getStorageClassSpec() != DeclSpec::SCS_typedef &&
+        (D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::MemberContext
+         ? !D.getDeclSpec().isFriendSpecified()
+         : D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::FileContext &&
+           D.getCXXScopeSpec().isValid() &&
+           Actions.CurContext->isRecord());
+  if (!IsCXX11MemberFunction)
+    return;
+
+  Qualifiers Q = Qualifiers::fromCVRUMask(DS.getTypeQualifiers());
+  if (D.getDeclSpec().hasConstexprSpecifier() && !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus14)
+    Q.addConst();
+  // FIXME: Collect C++ address spaces.
+  // If there are multiple different address spaces, the source is invalid.
+  // Carry on using the first addr space for the qualifiers of 'this'.
+  // The diagnostic will be given later while creating the function
+  // prototype for the method.
+  if (getLangOpts().OpenCLCPlusPlus) {
+    for (ParsedAttr &attr : DS.getAttributes()) {
+      LangAS ASIdx = attr.asOpenCLLangAS();
+      if (ASIdx != LangAS::Default) {
+        Q.addAddressSpace(ASIdx);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ThisScope.emplace(Actions, dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Actions.CurContext), Q,
+                    IsCXX11MemberFunction);
+}
+
 /// ParseFunctionDeclarator - We are after the identifier and have parsed the
 /// declarator D up to a paren, which indicates that we are parsing function
 /// arguments.
 ///
 /// If FirstArgAttrs is non-null, then the caller parsed those arguments
 /// immediately after the open paren - they should be considered to be the
 /// first argument of a parameter.
 ///
 /// If RequiresArg is true, then the first argument of the function is required
 /// to be present and required to not be an identifier list.
 ///
 /// For C++, after the parameter-list, it also parses the cv-qualifier-seq[opt],
 /// (C++11) ref-qualifier[opt], exception-specification[opt],
-/// (C++11) attribute-specifier-seq[opt], and (C++11) trailing-return-type[opt].
+/// (C++11) attribute-specifier-seq[opt], (C++11) trailing-return-type[opt] and
+/// (C++2a) the trailing requires-clause.
 ///
 /// [C++11] exception-specification:
 ///           dynamic-exception-specification
 ///           noexcept-specification
 ///
 void Parser::ParseFunctionDeclarator(Declarator &D,
                                      ParsedAttributes &FirstArgAttrs,
                                      BalancedDelimiterTracker &Tracker,
if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
       if (!DS.getSourceRange().getEnd().isInvalid()) {
         EndLoc = DS.getSourceRange().getEnd();
       }
 
       // Parse ref-qualifier[opt].
       if (ParseRefQualifier(RefQualifierIsLValueRef, RefQualifierLoc))
         EndLoc = RefQualifierLoc;
 
-      // C++11 [expr.prim.general]p3:
-      //   If a declaration declares a member function or member function
-      //   template of a class X, the expression this is a prvalue of type
-      //   "pointer to cv-qualifier-seq X" between the optional cv-qualifer-seq
-      //   and the end of the function-definition, member-declarator, or
-      //   declarator.
-      // FIXME: currently, "static" case isn't handled correctly.
-      bool IsCXX11MemberFunction =
-        getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 &&
-        D.getDeclSpec().getStorageClassSpec() != DeclSpec::SCS_typedef &&
-        (D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::MemberContext
-         ? !D.getDeclSpec().isFriendSpecified()
-         : D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::FileContext &&
-           D.getCXXScopeSpec().isValid() &&
-           Actions.CurContext->isRecord());
-
-      Qualifiers Q = Qualifiers::fromCVRUMask(DS.getTypeQualifiers());
-      if (D.getDeclSpec().hasConstexprSpecifier() && !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus14)
-        Q.addConst();
-      // FIXME: Collect C++ address spaces.
-      // If there are multiple different address spaces, the source is invalid.
-      // Carry on using the first addr space for the qualifiers of 'this'.
-      // The diagnostic will be given later while creating the function
-      // prototype for the method.
-      if (getLangOpts().OpenCLCPlusPlus) {
-        for (ParsedAttr &attr : DS.getAttributes()) {
-          LangAS ASIdx = attr.asOpenCLLangAS();
-          if (ASIdx != LangAS::Default) {
-            Q.addAddressSpace(ASIdx);
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII ThisScope(
-          Actions, dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(Actions.CurContext), Q,
-          IsCXX11MemberFunction);
+      llvm::Optional<Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII> ThisScope;
+      InitCXXThisScopeForDeclaratorIfRelevant(D, DS, ThisScope);
 
       // Parse exception-specification[opt].
       bool Delayed = D.isFirstDeclarationOfMember() &&
                      D.isFunctionDeclaratorAFunctionDeclaration();
       if (Delayed && Actions.isLibstdcxxEagerExceptionSpecHack(D) &&
           GetLookAheadToken(0).is(tok::kw_noexcept) &&
           GetLookAheadToken(1).is(tok::l_paren) &&
           GetLookAheadToken(2).is(tok::kw_noexcept) &&
Declarator ParmDeclarator(
         DS, D.getContext() == DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprContext
                 ? DeclaratorContext::LambdaExprParameterContext
                 : DeclaratorContext::PrototypeContext);
     ParseDeclarator(ParmDeclarator);
 
     // Parse GNU attributes, if present.
     MaybeParseGNUAttributes(ParmDeclarator);
 
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires)) {
+      // User tried to define a requires clause in a parameter declaration,
+      // which is surely not a function declaration.
+      // void f(int (*g)(int, int) requires true);
+      Diag(Tok,
+           diag::err_requires_clause_on_declarator_not_declaring_a_function);
+      ConsumeToken();
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression());
+    }
+
     // Remember this parsed parameter in ParamInfo.
     IdentifierInfo *ParmII = ParmDeclarator.getIdentifier();
 
     // DefArgToks is used when the parsing of default arguments needs
     // to be delayed.
     std::unique_ptr<CachedTokens> DefArgToks;
 
     // If no parameter was specified, verify that *something* was specified,

clang/lib/Parse/ParseDeclCXX.cpp

 
 /// Parse a C++ member-declarator up to, but not including, the optional
 /// brace-or-equal-initializer or pure-specifier.
 bool Parser::ParseCXXMemberDeclaratorBeforeInitializer(
     Declarator &DeclaratorInfo, VirtSpecifiers &VS, ExprResult &BitfieldSize,
     LateParsedAttrList &LateParsedAttrs) {
   // member-declarator:
   //   declarator pure-specifier[opt]
+  //   declarator requires-clause
   //   declarator brace-or-equal-initializer[opt]
   //   identifier[opt] ':' constant-expression
   if (Tok.isNot(tok::colon))
     ParseDeclarator(DeclaratorInfo);
   else
     DeclaratorInfo.SetIdentifier(nullptr, Tok.getLocation());
 
   if (!DeclaratorInfo.isFunctionDeclarator() && TryConsumeToken(tok::colon)) {
     assert(DeclaratorInfo.isPastIdentifier() &&
            "don't know where identifier would go yet?");
     BitfieldSize = ParseConstantExpression();
     if (BitfieldSize.isInvalid())
       SkipUntil(tok::comma, StopAtSemi | StopBeforeMatch);
-  } else {
+  } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+    ParseTrailingRequiresClause(DeclaratorInfo);
+  else {
     ParseOptionalCXX11VirtSpecifierSeq(
         VS, getCurrentClass().IsInterface,
         DeclaratorInfo.getDeclSpec().getFriendSpecLoc());
     if (!VS.isUnset())
       MaybeParseAndDiagnoseDeclSpecAfterCXX11VirtSpecifierSeq(DeclaratorInfo, VS);
   }
 
   // If a simple-asm-expr is present, parse it.

 /// [GNU]   '__extension__' member-declaration
 ///
 ///       member-declarator-list:
 ///         member-declarator
 ///         member-declarator-list ',' member-declarator
 ///
 ///       member-declarator:
 ///         declarator virt-specifier-seq[opt] pure-specifier[opt]
+/// [C++2a] declarator requires-clause
 ///         declarator constant-initializer[opt]
 /// [C++11] declarator brace-or-equal-initializer[opt]
 ///         identifier[opt] ':' constant-expression
 ///
 ///       virt-specifier-seq:
 ///         virt-specifier
 ///         virt-specifier-seq virt-specifier
 ///
auto TryConsumePureSpecifier = [&] (bool AllowDefinition) {
 
     EqualLoc = ConsumeToken();
     PureSpecLoc = ConsumeToken();
     return true;
   };
 
   SmallVector<Decl *, 8> DeclsInGroup;
   ExprResult BitfieldSize;
+  ExprResult TrailingRequiresClause;
   bool ExpectSemi = true;
 
   // Parse the first declarator.
   if (ParseCXXMemberDeclaratorBeforeInitializer(
           DeclaratorInfo, VS, BitfieldSize, LateParsedAttrs)) {
     TryConsumeToken(tok::semi);
     return nullptr;
   }
TypeResult Parser::ParseTrailingReturnType(SourceRange &Range,
 
   ConsumeToken();
 
   return ParseTypeName(&Range, MayBeFollowedByDirectInit
                                    ? DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnVarContext
                                    : DeclaratorContext::TrailingReturnContext);
 }
 
+/// ParseTrailingRequiresClause - Parse a requires-clause as part of a function
+/// declaration.
+void Parser::ParseTrailingRequiresClause(Declarator &D) {
+  assert(Tok.is(tok::kw_requires) && "expected requires");
+
+  SourceLocation RequiresKWLoc = ConsumeToken();
+
+  ExprResult TrailingRequiresClause;
+  ParseScope ParamScope(this,
+                        Scope::DeclScope |
+                        Scope::FunctionDeclarationScope |
+                        Scope::FunctionPrototypeScope);
+
+  Actions.ActOnStartTrailingRequiresClause(getCurScope(), D);
+
+  llvm::Optional<Sema::CXXThisScopeRAII> ThisScope;
+  InitCXXThisScopeForDeclaratorIfRelevant(D, D.getDeclSpec(), ThisScope);
+
+  TrailingRequiresClause =
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression());
+
+  if (!D.isDeclarationOfFunction()) {
+    Diag(RequiresKWLoc,
+         diag::err_requires_clause_on_declarator_not_declaring_a_function);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TrailingRequiresClause.isInvalid())
+    SkipUntil({tok::equal, tok::l_brace, tok::arrow, tok::kw_try, tok::comma,
+               tok::colon},
+              StopAtSemi | StopBeforeMatch);
+  else
+    D.setTrailingRequiresClause(TrailingRequiresClause.get());
+
+  // Did the user swap the trailing return type and requires clause?
+  if (D.isFunctionDeclarator() && Tok.is(tok::arrow) &&
+      D.getDeclSpec().getTypeSpecType() == TST_auto) {
+    SourceLocation ArrowLoc = Tok.getLocation();
+    SourceRange Range;
+    TypeResult TrailingReturnType =
+        ParseTrailingReturnType(Range, /*MayBeFollowedByDirectInit=*/false);
+
+    if (!TrailingReturnType.isInvalid()) {
+      Diag(ArrowLoc,
+           diag::err_requires_clause_must_come_after_trailing_return)
+          << Range;
+      auto &FunctionChunk = D.getFunctionTypeInfo();
+      FunctionChunk.HasTrailingReturnType = TrailingReturnType.isUsable();
+      FunctionChunk.TrailingReturnType = TrailingReturnType.get();
+    } else
+      SkipUntil({tok::equal, tok::l_brace, tok::arrow, tok::kw_try, tok::comma},
+                StopAtSemi | StopBeforeMatch);
+  }
+}
+
 /// We have just started parsing the definition of a new class,
 /// so push that class onto our stack of classes that is currently
 /// being parsed.
 Sema::ParsingClassState
 Parser::PushParsingClass(Decl *ClassDecl, bool NonNestedClass,
                          bool IsInterface) {
   assert((NonNestedClass || !ClassStack.empty()) &&
          "Nested class without outer class");

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp

 /// operator (e.g. '/') or a ternary operator ("?:").  The unary leaves are
 /// handled by ParseCastExpression, the higher level pieces are handled by
 /// ParseBinaryExpression.
 ///
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "clang/Parse/Parser.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
 #include "clang/Basic/PrettyStackTrace.h"
 #include "clang/Parse/RAIIObjectsForParser.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/ParsedTemplate.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Scope.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TypoCorrection.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 using namespace clang;

 /// process of disambiguating between an expression and a declaration.
 ExprResult
 Parser::ParseExpressionWithLeadingExtension(SourceLocation ExtLoc) {
   ExprResult LHS(true);
   {
     // Silence extension warnings in the sub-expression
     ExtensionRAIIObject O(Diags);
 
-    LHS = ParseCastExpression(false);
+    LHS = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
   }
 
   if (!LHS.isInvalid())
     LHS = Actions.ActOnUnaryOp(getCurScope(), ExtLoc, tok::kw___extension__,
                                LHS.get());
 
   return ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Comma);
 }
 
 /// Parse an expr that doesn't include (top-level) commas.
 ExprResult Parser::ParseAssignmentExpression(TypeCastState isTypeCast) {
   if (Tok.is(tok::code_completion)) {
     Actions.CodeCompleteExpression(getCurScope(),
                                    PreferredType.get(Tok.getLocation()));
     cutOffParsing();
     return ExprError();
   }
 
   if (Tok.is(tok::kw_throw))
     return ParseThrowExpression();
   if (Tok.is(tok::kw_co_yield))
     return ParseCoyieldExpression();
 
-  ExprResult LHS = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/false,
+  ExprResult LHS = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr,
                                        /*isAddressOfOperand=*/false,
                                        isTypeCast);
   return ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Assignment);
 }
 
 /// Parse an assignment expression where part of an Objective-C message
 /// send has already been parsed.
 ///

 }
 
 ExprResult
 Parser::ParseConstantExpressionInExprEvalContext(TypeCastState isTypeCast) {
   assert(Actions.ExprEvalContexts.back().Context ==
              Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated &&
          "Call this function only if your ExpressionEvaluationContext is "
          "already ConstantEvaluated");
-  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(false, false, isTypeCast));
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr, false, isTypeCast));
   ExprResult Res(ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Conditional));
   return Actions.ActOnConstantExpression(Res);
 }
 
 ExprResult Parser::ParseConstantExpression(TypeCastState isTypeCast) {
   // C++03 [basic.def.odr]p2:
   //   An expression is potentially evaluated unless it appears where an
   //   integral constant expression is required (see 5.19) [...].
   // C++98 and C++11 have no such rule, but this is only a defect in C++98.
   EnterExpressionEvaluationContext ConstantEvaluated(
       Actions, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated);
   return ParseConstantExpressionInExprEvalContext(isTypeCast);
 }
 
 ExprResult Parser::ParseCaseExpression(SourceLocation CaseLoc) {
   EnterExpressionEvaluationContext ConstantEvaluated(
       Actions, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated);
-  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(false, false, NotTypeCast));
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr, false, NotTypeCast));
   ExprResult Res(ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Conditional));
   return Actions.ActOnCaseExpr(CaseLoc, Res);
 }
 
 /// Parse a constraint-expression.
 ///
 /// \verbatim
 ///       constraint-expression: C++2a[temp.constr.decl]p1
 ///         logical-or-expression
 /// \endverbatim
 ExprResult Parser::ParseConstraintExpression() {
   EnterExpressionEvaluationContext ConstantEvaluated(
       Actions, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated);
-  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/false));
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr));
   ExprResult Res(ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::LogicalOr));
-  if (Res.isUsable() && !Actions.CheckConstraintExpression(Res.get()))
+  if (Res.isUsable() && !Actions.CheckConstraintExpression(Res.get())) {
+    Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(Res);
     return ExprError();
+  }
   return Res;
 }
 
+/// \brief Parse a constraint-logical-and-expression.
+///
+/// \param RightMostExpr If provided, will receive the right-most atomic
+///                      constraint that was parsed.
+/// \verbatim
+///       C++2a[temp.constr.decl]p1
+///       constraint-logical-and-expression:
+///         primary-expression
+///         constraint-logical-and-expression '&&' primary-expression
+///
+/// \endverbatim
+ExprResult Parser::ParseConstraintLogicalAndExpression(Expr **RightMostExpr) {
+  EnterExpressionEvaluationContext ConstantEvaluated(
+      Actions, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::ConstantEvaluated);
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(PrimaryExprOnly));
+  if (!LHS.isUsable())
+    return ExprError();
+  if (RightMostExpr)
+    *RightMostExpr = LHS.get();
+  while (Tok.is(tok::ampamp)) {
+    SourceLocation LogicalAndLoc = ConsumeToken();
+    ExprResult RHS(ParseCastExpression(PrimaryExprOnly));
+    if (!RHS.isUsable()) {
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+      return ExprError();
+    }
+    if (RightMostExpr)
+      *RightMostExpr = RHS.get();
+    ExprResult Op = Actions.ActOnBinOp(getCurScope(), LogicalAndLoc,
+                                       tok::ampamp, LHS.get(), RHS.get());
+    if (!Op.isUsable()) {
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(RHS);
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+      return ExprError();
+    }
+    LHS = Op;
+  }
+  return LHS;
+}
+
+/// \brief Parse a constraint-logical-or-expression.
+///
+/// \verbatim
+///       C++2a[temp.constr.decl]p1
+///       constraint-logical-or-expression:
+///         constraint-logical-and-expression
+///         constraint-logical-or-expression '||'
+///             constraint-logical-and-expression
+///
+/// \endverbatim
+ExprResult Parser::ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression() {
+  Expr *RightMostExpr = nullptr;
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseConstraintLogicalAndExpression(&RightMostExpr));
+  if (!LHS.isUsable())
+    return ExprError();
+  while (Tok.is(tok::pipepipe)) {
+    SourceLocation LogicalOrLoc = ConsumeToken();
+    ExprResult RHS(ParseConstraintLogicalAndExpression());
+    if (!RHS.isUsable()) {
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+      return ExprError();
+    }
+    RightMostExpr = RHS.get();
+    ExprResult Op = Actions.ActOnBinOp(getCurScope(), LogicalOrLoc,
+                                       tok::pipepipe, LHS.get(), RHS.get());
+    if (!Op.isUsable()) {
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(RHS);
+      Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+      return ExprError();
+    }
+    LHS = Op;
+  }
+
+  Expr *Culprit;
+  if (!Actions.CheckConstraintExpression(LHS.get(), &Culprit)) {
+    if ((Culprit->getType()->isFunctionType() ||
+         Culprit->getType()->isSpecificBuiltinType(BuiltinType::Overload)) &&
+        Tok.is(tok::l_paren))
+      // We have the following case:
+      // template<typename> requires func(0) struct S { };
+      // The user probably isn't aware of the parentheses required around the
+      // function call, and we're only going to parse 'func' as the
+      // primary-expression, and complain that it is of non-bool type.
+      Diag(Tok.getLocation(),
+           diag::note_potential_function_call_in_constraint_logical_or);
+    else if (getBinOpPrecedence(Tok.getKind(), GreaterThanIsOperator,
+                                getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11))
+      // We have the following case:
+      // template<typename T> requires size_<T> == 0 struct S { };
+      // The user probably isn't aware of the parentheses required around the
+      // binary operator, and we're only going to parse 'func' as the
+      // first operand, and complain that it is of non-bool type.
+      Diag(Tok.getLocation(),
+           diag::note_potential_bin_op_in_constraint_logical_or) <<
+           Tok.getKind();
+
+    Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+    SkipUntil(tok::r_paren, StopAtSemi);
+    return ExprError();
+  }
+
+  if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren) &&
+      RightMostExpr->isTypeDependent() &&
+      Actions.IsDependentFunctionNameExpr(RightMostExpr)) {
+    // We're facing one of the following cases:
+    // template<typename> requires func<T>(
+    // template<typename> void foo() requires func<T>(
+    // In the first case, '(' cannot start a declaration, and in the second,
+    // '(' cannot follow the requires-clause in a function-definition nor in
+    // a member-declarator or init-declarator.
+    // The user probably tried to call func<T> but didn't realize he had to
+    // parenthesize the function call for it to be included in the constraint
+    // expression.
+    Diag(Tok.getLocation(),
+         diag::err_potential_function_call_in_constraint_logical_or);
+    SkipUntil(tok::r_paren, StopAtSemi);
+    Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
+    return ExprError();
+  }
+
+  return LHS;
+}
+
 bool Parser::isNotExpressionStart() {
   tok::TokenKind K = Tok.getKind();
   if (K == tok::l_brace || K == tok::r_brace  ||
       K == tok::kw_for  || K == tok::kw_while ||
       K == tok::kw_if   || K == tok::kw_else  ||
       K == tok::kw_goto || K == tok::kw_try)
     return true;
   // If this is a decl-specifier, we can't be at the start of an expression.
   return isKnownToBeDeclarationSpecifier();
 }
 
 bool Parser::isFoldOperator(prec::Level Level) const {
   return Level > prec::Unknown && Level != prec::Conditional &&
          Level != prec::Spaceship;
 }
 
 bool Parser::isFoldOperator(tok::TokenKind Kind) const {
   return isFoldOperator(getBinOpPrecedence(Kind, GreaterThanIsOperator, true));
 }
 
while (1) {
     ExprResult RHS;
     bool RHSIsInitList = false;
     if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 && Tok.is(tok::l_brace)) {
       RHS = ParseBraceInitializer();
       RHSIsInitList = true;
     } else if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && NextTokPrec <= prec::Conditional)
       RHS = ParseAssignmentExpression();
     else
-      RHS = ParseCastExpression(false);
+      RHS = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
 
     if (RHS.isInvalid()) {
       // FIXME: Errors generated by the delayed typo correction should be
       // printed before errors from parsing the RHS, not after.
       Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(LHS);
       if (TernaryMiddle.isUsable())
         TernaryMiddle = Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(TernaryMiddle);
       LHS = ExprError();
while (1) {
     if (LHS.isInvalid()) {
       Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(OrigLHS);
       Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(TernaryMiddle);
       Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(RHS);
     }
   }
 }
 
-/// Parse a cast-expression, or, if \p isUnaryExpression is true,
-/// parse a unary-expression.
+/// Parse a cast-expression, unary-expression or primary-expression, based
+/// on \p ExprType.
 ///
 /// \p isAddressOfOperand exists because an id-expression that is the
 /// operand of address-of gets special treatment due to member pointers.
 ///
-ExprResult Parser::ParseCastExpression(bool isUnaryExpression,
+ExprResult Parser::ParseCastExpression(CastParseKind ParseKind,
                                        bool isAddressOfOperand,
                                        TypeCastState isTypeCast,
                                        bool isVectorLiteral) {
   bool NotCastExpr;
-  ExprResult Res = ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression,
+  ExprResult Res = ParseCastExpression(ParseKind,
                                        isAddressOfOperand,
                                        NotCastExpr,
                                        isTypeCast,
                                        isVectorLiteral);
   if (NotCastExpr)
     Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected_expression);
   return Res;
 }

 ///                   '__array_rank'
 ///                   '__array_extent'
 ///
 /// [Embarcadero] expression-trait:
 ///                   '__is_lvalue_expr'
 ///                   '__is_rvalue_expr'
 /// \endverbatim
 ///
-ExprResult Parser::ParseCastExpression(bool isUnaryExpression,
+ExprResult Parser::ParseCastExpression(CastParseKind ParseKind,
                                        bool isAddressOfOperand,
                                        bool &NotCastExpr,
                                        TypeCastState isTypeCast,
                                        bool isVectorLiteral) {
   ExprResult Res;
   tok::TokenKind SavedKind = Tok.getKind();
   auto SavedType = PreferredType;
   NotCastExpr = false;
 
+  auto EnsureNotPrimary = [&] {
+    if (ParseKind == PrimaryExprOnly) {
+      if (Tok.is(tok::annot_typename))
+        Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected_primary_got_typename);
+      else
+        Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected_primary_got_unary) << Tok.getKind();
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
   // This handles all of cast-expression, unary-expression, postfix-expression,
   // and primary-expression.  We handle them together like this for efficiency
   // and to simplify handling of an expression starting with a '(' token: which
   // may be one of a parenthesized expression, cast-expression, compound literal
   // expression, or statement expression.
   //
   // If the parsed tokens consist of a primary-expression, the cases below
   // break out of the switch;  at the end we call ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix
   // to handle the postfix expression suffixes.  Cases that cannot be followed
   // by postfix exprs should return without invoking
   // ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix.
   switch (SavedKind) {
   case tok::l_paren: {
     // If this expression is limited to being a unary-expression, the parent can
     // not start a cast expression.
-    ParenParseOption ParenExprType =
-        (isUnaryExpression && !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) ? CompoundLiteral
-                                                        : CastExpr;
+    ParenParseOption ParenExprType;
+    switch (ParseKind) {
+      case CastParseKind::UnaryExprOnly:
+        if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus)
+          ParenExprType = CompoundLiteral;
+        LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
+      case CastParseKind::AnyCastExpr:
+        ParenExprType = ParenParseOption::CastExpr;
+        break;
+      case CastParseKind::PrimaryExprOnly:
+        ParenExprType = FoldExpr;
+        break;
+    }
     ParsedType CastTy;
     SourceLocation RParenLoc;
     Res = ParseParenExpression(ParenExprType, false/*stopIfCastExr*/,
                                isTypeCast == IsTypeCast, CastTy, RParenLoc);
 
     if (isVectorLiteral)
         return Res;
 
ExprResult Parser::ParseCastExpression(CastParseKind ParseKind,
   }
 
   case tok::kw___super:
   case tok::kw_decltype:
     // Annotate the token and tail recurse.
     if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken())
       return ExprError();
     assert(Tok.isNot(tok::kw_decltype) && Tok.isNot(tok::kw___super));
-    return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand);
+    return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand);
       
   case tok::identifier: {      // primary-expression: identifier
                                // unqualified-id: identifier
                                // constant: enumeration-constant
     // Turn a potentially qualified name into a annot_typename or
     // annot_cxxscope if it would be valid.  This handles things like x::y, etc.
     if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
       // Avoid the unnecessary parse-time lookup in the common case
       // where the syntax forbids a type.
#undef RTT_JOIN
 
         // If we find that this is in fact the name of a type trait,
         // update the token kind in place and parse again to treat it as
         // the appropriate kind of type trait.
         llvm::SmallDenseMap<IdentifierInfo *, tok::TokenKind>::iterator Known
           = RevertibleTypeTraits.find(II);
         if (Known != RevertibleTypeTraits.end()) {
           Tok.setKind(Known->second);
-          return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand,
+          return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand,
                                      NotCastExpr, isTypeCast);
         }
       }
 
       if ((!ColonIsSacred && Next.is(tok::colon)) ||
           Next.isOneOf(tok::coloncolon, tok::less, tok::l_paren,
                        tok::l_brace)) {
         // If TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken annotates the token, tail recurse.
         if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken())
           return ExprError();
         if (!Tok.is(tok::identifier))
-          return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand);
+          return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand);
       }
     }
 
     // Consume the identifier so that we can see if it is followed by a '(' or
     // '.'.
     IdentifierInfo &II = *Tok.getIdentifierInfo();
     SourceLocation ILoc = ConsumeToken();
 
#undef RTT_JOIN
     Name.setIdentifier(&II, ILoc);
     Res = Actions.ActOnIdExpression(
         getCurScope(), ScopeSpec, TemplateKWLoc, Name, Tok.is(tok::l_paren),
         isAddressOfOperand, &Validator,
         /*IsInlineAsmIdentifier=*/false,
         Tok.is(tok::r_paren) ? nullptr : &Replacement);
     if (!Res.isInvalid() && Res.isUnset()) {
       UnconsumeToken(Replacement);
-      return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand,
+      return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand,
                                  NotCastExpr, isTypeCast);
     }
     if (!Res.isInvalid() && Tok.is(tok::less))
       checkPotentialAngleBracket(Res);
     break;
   }
   case tok::char_constant:     // constant: character-constant
   case tok::wide_char_constant:
#undef RTT_JOIN
   case tok::utf16_string_literal:
   case tok::utf32_string_literal:
     Res = ParseStringLiteralExpression(true);
     break;
   case tok::kw__Generic:   // primary-expression: generic-selection [C11 6.5.1]
     Res = ParseGenericSelectionExpression();
     break;
   case tok::kw___builtin_available:
     return ParseAvailabilityCheckExpr(Tok.getLocation());
   case tok::kw___builtin_va_arg:
   case tok::kw___builtin_offsetof:
   case tok::kw___builtin_choose_expr:
   case tok::kw___builtin_astype: // primary-expression: [OCL] as_type()
   case tok::kw___builtin_convertvector:
   case tok::kw___builtin_COLUMN:
   case tok::kw___builtin_FILE:
   case tok::kw___builtin_FUNCTION:
   case tok::kw___builtin_LINE:
     return ParseBuiltinPrimaryExpression();
   case tok::kw___null:
     return Actions.ActOnGNUNullExpr(ConsumeToken());
 
   case tok::plusplus:      // unary-expression: '++' unary-expression [C99]
   case tok::minusminus: {  // unary-expression: '--' unary-expression [C99]
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     // C++ [expr.unary] has:
     //   unary-expression:
     //     ++ cast-expression
     //     -- cast-expression
     Token SavedTok = Tok;
     ConsumeToken();
 
     PreferredType.enterUnary(Actions, Tok.getLocation(), SavedTok.getKind(),
                              SavedTok.getLocation());
     // One special case is implicitly handled here: if the preceding tokens are
     // an ambiguous cast expression, such as "(T())++", then we recurse to
     // determine whether the '++' is prefix or postfix.
-    Res = ParseCastExpression(!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus,
+    Res = ParseCastExpression(getLangOpts().CPlusPlus ?
+                                  UnaryExprOnly : AnyCastExpr,
                               /*isAddressOfOperand*/false, NotCastExpr,
                               NotTypeCast);
     if (NotCastExpr) {
       // If we return with NotCastExpr = true, we must not consume any tokens,
       // so put the token back where we found it.
       assert(Res.isInvalid());
       UnconsumeToken(SavedTok);
       return ExprError();
     }
     if (!Res.isInvalid())
       Res = Actions.ActOnUnaryOp(getCurScope(), SavedTok.getLocation(),
                                  SavedKind, Res.get());
     return Res;
   }
   case tok::amp: {         // unary-expression: '&' cast-expression
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     // Special treatment because of member pointers
     SourceLocation SavedLoc = ConsumeToken();
     PreferredType.enterUnary(Actions, Tok.getLocation(), tok::amp, SavedLoc);
-    Res = ParseCastExpression(false, true);
+    Res = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr, true);
     if (!Res.isInvalid())
       Res = Actions.ActOnUnaryOp(getCurScope(), SavedLoc, SavedKind, Res.get());
     return Res;
   }
 
   case tok::star:          // unary-expression: '*' cast-expression
   case tok::plus:          // unary-expression: '+' cast-expression
   case tok::minus:         // unary-expression: '-' cast-expression
   case tok::tilde:         // unary-expression: '~' cast-expression
   case tok::exclaim:       // unary-expression: '!' cast-expression
   case tok::kw___real:     // unary-expression: '__real' cast-expression [GNU]
   case tok::kw___imag: {   // unary-expression: '__imag' cast-expression [GNU]
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     SourceLocation SavedLoc = ConsumeToken();
     PreferredType.enterUnary(Actions, Tok.getLocation(), SavedKind, SavedLoc);
-    Res = ParseCastExpression(false);
+    Res = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
     if (!Res.isInvalid())
       Res = Actions.ActOnUnaryOp(getCurScope(), SavedLoc, SavedKind, Res.get());
     return Res;
   }
 
   case tok::kw_co_await: {  // unary-expression: 'co_await' cast-expression
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     SourceLocation CoawaitLoc = ConsumeToken();
-    Res = ParseCastExpression(false);
+    Res = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
     if (!Res.isInvalid())
       Res = Actions.ActOnCoawaitExpr(getCurScope(), CoawaitLoc, Res.get());
     return Res;
   }
 
   case tok::kw___extension__:{//unary-expression:'__extension__' cast-expr [GNU]
     // __extension__ silences extension warnings in the subexpression.
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     ExtensionRAIIObject O(Diags);  // Use RAII to do this.
     SourceLocation SavedLoc = ConsumeToken();
-    Res = ParseCastExpression(false);
+    Res = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
     if (!Res.isInvalid())
       Res = Actions.ActOnUnaryOp(getCurScope(), SavedLoc, SavedKind, Res.get());
     return Res;
   }
   case tok::kw__Alignof:   // unary-expression: '_Alignof' '(' type-name ')'
     if (!getLangOpts().C11)
       Diag(Tok, diag::ext_c11_feature) << Tok.getName();
     LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
   case tok::kw_alignof:    // unary-expression: 'alignof' '(' type-id ')'
   case tok::kw___alignof:  // unary-expression: '__alignof' unary-expression
                            // unary-expression: '__alignof' '(' type-name ')'
   case tok::kw_sizeof:     // unary-expression: 'sizeof' unary-expression
                            // unary-expression: 'sizeof' '(' type-name ')'
   case tok::kw_vec_step:   // unary-expression: OpenCL 'vec_step' expression
   // unary-expression: '__builtin_omp_required_simd_align' '(' type-name ')'
   case tok::kw___builtin_omp_required_simd_align:
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     return ParseUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpression();
   case tok::ampamp: {      // unary-expression: '&&' identifier
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     SourceLocation AmpAmpLoc = ConsumeToken();
     if (Tok.isNot(tok::identifier))
       return ExprError(Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected) << tok::identifier);
 
     if (getCurScope()->getFnParent() == nullptr)
       return ExprError(Diag(Tok, diag::err_address_of_label_outside_fn));
 
     Diag(AmpAmpLoc, diag::ext_gnu_address_of_label);
     LabelDecl *LD = Actions.LookupOrCreateLabel(Tok.getIdentifierInfo(),
                                                 Tok.getLocation());
     Res = Actions.ActOnAddrLabel(AmpAmpLoc, Tok.getLocation(), LD);
     ConsumeToken();
     return Res;
   }
   case tok::kw_const_cast:
   case tok::kw_dynamic_cast:
   case tok::kw_reinterpret_cast:
   case tok::kw_static_cast:
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     Res = ParseCXXCasts();
     break;
   case tok::kw___builtin_bit_cast:
     Res = ParseBuiltinBitCast();
     break;
   case tok::kw_typeid:
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     Res = ParseCXXTypeid();
     break;
   case tok::kw___uuidof:
     Res = ParseCXXUuidof();
     break;
   case tok::kw_this:
     Res = ParseCXXThis();
     break;
 
   case tok::annot_typename:
     if (isStartOfObjCClassMessageMissingOpenBracket()) {
       ParsedType Type = getTypeAnnotation(Tok);

 #define GENERIC_IMAGE_TYPE(ImgType, Id) case tok::kw_##ImgType##_t:
 #include "clang/Basic/OpenCLImageTypes.def"
   {
     if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
       Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected_expression);
       return ExprError();
     }
 
+    // Everything henceforth is a postfix-expression.
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
+
     if (SavedKind == tok::kw_typename) {
       // postfix-expression: typename-specifier '(' expression-list[opt] ')'
       //                     typename-specifier braced-init-list
       if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken())
         return ExprError();
 
       if (!Actions.isSimpleTypeSpecifier(Tok.getKind()))
         // We are trying to parse a simple-type-specifier but might not get such
#include "clang/Basic/OpenCLImageTypes.def"
   }
 
   case tok::annot_cxxscope: { // [C++] id-expression: qualified-id
     // If TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken annotates the token, tail recurse.
     // (We can end up in this situation after tentative parsing.)
     if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken())
       return ExprError();
     if (!Tok.is(tok::annot_cxxscope))
-      return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand,
-                                 NotCastExpr, isTypeCast);
+      return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand, NotCastExpr,
+                                 isTypeCast);
 
     Token Next = NextToken();
     if (Next.is(tok::annot_template_id)) {
       TemplateIdAnnotation *TemplateId = takeTemplateIdAnnotation(Next);
       if (TemplateId->Kind == TNK_Type_template) {
         // We have a qualified template-id that we know refers to a
         // type, translate it into a type and continue parsing as a
         // cast expression.
         CXXScopeSpec SS;
         ParseOptionalCXXScopeSpecifier(SS, nullptr,
                                        /*EnteringContext=*/false);
         AnnotateTemplateIdTokenAsType();
-        return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand,
-                                   NotCastExpr, isTypeCast);
+        return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand, NotCastExpr,
+                                   isTypeCast);
       }
     }
 
     // Parse as an id-expression.
     Res = ParseCXXIdExpression(isAddressOfOperand);
     break;
   }
 
   case tok::annot_template_id: { // [C++]          template-id
     TemplateIdAnnotation *TemplateId = takeTemplateIdAnnotation(Tok);
     if (TemplateId->Kind == TNK_Type_template) {
       // We have a template-id that we know refers to a type,
       // translate it into a type and continue parsing as a cast
       // expression.
       AnnotateTemplateIdTokenAsType();
-      return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand,
+      return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand,
                                  NotCastExpr, isTypeCast);
     }
 
     // Fall through to treat the template-id as an id-expression.
     LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
   }
 
   case tok::kw_operator: // [C++] id-expression: operator/conversion-function-id
     Res = ParseCXXIdExpression(isAddressOfOperand);
     break;
 
   case tok::coloncolon: {
     // ::foo::bar -> global qualified name etc.   If TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken
     // annotates the token, tail recurse.
     if (TryAnnotateTypeOrScopeToken())
       return ExprError();
     if (!Tok.is(tok::coloncolon))
-      return ParseCastExpression(isUnaryExpression, isAddressOfOperand);
+      return ParseCastExpression(ParseKind, isAddressOfOperand);
 
     // ::new -> [C++] new-expression
     // ::delete -> [C++] delete-expression
     SourceLocation CCLoc = ConsumeToken();
-    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_new))
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_new)) {
+      if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+        return ExprError();
       return ParseCXXNewExpression(true, CCLoc);
-    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_delete))
+    }
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_delete)) {
+      if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+        return ExprError();
       return ParseCXXDeleteExpression(true, CCLoc);
+    }
 
     // This is not a type name or scope specifier, it is an invalid expression.
     Diag(CCLoc, diag::err_expected_expression);
     return ExprError();
   }
 
   case tok::kw_new: // [C++] new-expression
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     return ParseCXXNewExpression(false, Tok.getLocation());
 
   case tok::kw_delete: // [C++] delete-expression
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     return ParseCXXDeleteExpression(false, Tok.getLocation());
 
   case tok::kw_noexcept: { // [C++0x] 'noexcept' '(' expression ')'
+    if (EnsureNotPrimary())
+      return ExprError();
     Diag(Tok, diag::warn_cxx98_compat_noexcept_expr);
     SourceLocation KeyLoc = ConsumeToken();
     BalancedDelimiterTracker T(*this, tok::l_paren);
 
     if (T.expectAndConsume(diag::err_expected_lparen_after, "noexcept"))
       return ExprError();
     // C++11 [expr.unary.noexcept]p1:
     //   The noexcept operator determines whether the evaluation of its operand,
case tok::kw_noexcept: { // [C++0x] 'noexcept' '(' expression ')'
     return Result;
   }
 
 #define TYPE_TRAIT(N,Spelling,K) \
   case tok::kw_##Spelling:
 #include "clang/Basic/TokenKinds.def"
     return ParseTypeTrait();
 
   case tok::kw___array_rank:
   case tok::kw___array_extent:
     return ParseArrayTypeTrait();
 
   case tok::kw___is_lvalue_expr:
   case tok::kw___is_rvalue_expr:
     return ParseExpressionTrait();
 
   case tok::at: {
     SourceLocation AtLoc = ConsumeToken();
     return ParseObjCAtExpression(AtLoc);
   }
   case tok::caret:
     Res = ParseBlockLiteralExpression();
     break;
   case tok::code_completion: {
     Actions.CodeCompleteExpression(getCurScope(),
                                    PreferredType.get(Tok.getLocation()));
     cutOffParsing();
     return ExprError();
   }
   case tok::l_square:
     if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11) {
       if (getLangOpts().ObjC) {
         // C++11 lambda expressions and Objective-C message sends both start with a
         // square bracket.  There are three possibilities here:
         // we have a valid lambda expression, we have an invalid lambda
         // expression, or we have something that doesn't appear to be a lambda.
         // If we're in the last case, we fall back to ParseObjCMessageExpression.
         Res = TryParseLambdaExpression();
         if (!Res.isInvalid() && !Res.get())
           Res = ParseObjCMessageExpression();
         break;
       }
       Res = ParseLambdaExpression();
       break;
     }
     if (getLangOpts().ObjC) {
       Res = ParseObjCMessageExpression();
       break;
     }
     LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
   default:
     NotCastExpr = true;
     return ExprError();
   }
 
   // Check to see whether Res is a function designator only. If it is and we
   // are compiling for OpenCL, we need to return an error as this implies
   // that the address of the function is being taken, which is illegal in CL.
 
+  if (ParseKind == PrimaryExprOnly)
+    // This is strictly a primary-expression - no postfix-expr pieces should be
+    // parsed.
+    return Res;
+
   // These can be followed by postfix-expr pieces.
   PreferredType = SavedType;
   Res = ParsePostfixExpressionSuffix(Res);
   if (getLangOpts().OpenCL)
     if (Expr *PostfixExpr = Res.get()) {
       QualType Ty = PostfixExpr->getType();
       if (!Ty.isNull() && Ty->isFunctionType()) {
         Diag(PostfixExpr->getExprLoc(),
if (Tok.isNot(tok::l_paren)) {
 
     isCastExpr = false;
     if (OpTok.is(tok::kw_typeof) && !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
       Diag(Tok, diag::err_expected_after) << OpTok.getIdentifierInfo()
                                           << tok::l_paren;
       return ExprError();
     }
 
-    Operand = ParseCastExpression(true/*isUnaryExpression*/);
+    Operand = ParseCastExpression(UnaryExprOnly);
   } else {
     // If it starts with a '(', we know that it is either a parenthesized
     // type-name, or it is a unary-expression that starts with a compound
     // literal, or starts with a primary-expression that is a parenthesized
     // expression.
     ParenParseOption ExprType = CastExpr;
     SourceLocation LParenLoc = Tok.getLocation(), RParenLoc;
 
if (ExprType >= CompoundStmt && Tok.is(tok::l_brace)) {
     }
 
     TypeResult Ty = ParseTypeName();
     T.consumeClose();
     ColonProtection.restore();
     RParenLoc = T.getCloseLocation();
 
     PreferredType.enterTypeCast(Tok.getLocation(), Ty.get().get());
-    ExprResult SubExpr = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/false);
+    ExprResult SubExpr = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr);
     
     if (Ty.isInvalid() || SubExpr.isInvalid())
       return ExprError();
 
     return Actions.ActOnObjCBridgedCast(getCurScope(), OpenLoc, Kind,
                                         BridgeKeywordLoc, Ty.get(),
                                         RParenLoc, SubExpr.get());
   } else if (ExprType >= CompoundLiteral &&
              isTypeIdInParens(isAmbiguousTypeId)) {
if (!DeclaratorInfo.isInvalidType() && Tok.is(tok::identifier) &&
           QualType QT = Ty.get().get().getCanonicalType();
           if (QT->isVectorType())
           {
             // We parsed '(' vector-type-name ')' followed by '('
 
             // Parse the cast-expression that follows it next.
             // isVectorLiteral = true will make sure we don't parse any
             // Postfix expression yet
-            Result = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/false,
+            Result = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/AnyCastExpr,
                                          /*isAddressOfOperand=*/false,
                                          /*isTypeCast=*/IsTypeCast,
                                          /*isVectorLiteral=*/true);
 
             if (!Result.isInvalid()) {
               Result = Actions.ActOnCastExpr(getCurScope(), OpenLoc,
                                              DeclaratorInfo, CastTy,
                                              RParenLoc, Result.get());
if (!DeclaratorInfo.isInvalidType() && Tok.is(tok::identifier) &&
           Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::err_illegal_super_cast)
             << SourceRange(OpenLoc, RParenLoc);
           return ExprError();
         }
 
         PreferredType.enterTypeCast(Tok.getLocation(), CastTy.get());
         // Parse the cast-expression that follows it next.
         // TODO: For cast expression with CastTy.
-        Result = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/false,
+        Result = ParseCastExpression(/*isUnaryExpression=*/AnyCastExpr,
                                      /*isAddressOfOperand=*/false,
                                      /*isTypeCast=*/IsTypeCast);
         if (!Result.isInvalid()) {
           Result = Actions.ActOnCastExpr(getCurScope(), OpenLoc,
                                          DeclaratorInfo, CastTy,
                                          RParenLoc, Result.get());
         }
         return Result;

clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp

if (Tok.is(tok::arrow)) {
       FunLocalRangeEnd = Tok.getLocation();
       SourceRange Range;
       TrailingReturnType =
           ParseTrailingReturnType(Range, /*MayBeFollowedByDirectInit*/ false);
       if (Range.getEnd().isValid())
         DeclEndLoc = Range.getEnd();
     }
 
-    PrototypeScope.Exit();
-
-    WarnIfHasCUDATargetAttr();
-
     SourceLocation NoLoc;
     D.AddTypeInfo(DeclaratorChunk::getFunction(
                       /*HasProto=*/true,
                       /*IsAmbiguous=*/false, LParenLoc, ParamInfo.data(),
                       ParamInfo.size(), EllipsisLoc, RParenLoc,
                       /*RefQualifierIsLvalueRef=*/true,
                       /*RefQualifierLoc=*/NoLoc, MutableLoc, ESpecType,
                       ESpecRange, DynamicExceptions.data(),
                       DynamicExceptionRanges.data(), DynamicExceptions.size(),
                       NoexceptExpr.isUsable() ? NoexceptExpr.get() : nullptr,
                       /*ExceptionSpecTokens*/ nullptr,
                       /*DeclsInPrototype=*/None, LParenLoc, FunLocalRangeEnd, D,
                       TrailingReturnType, &DS),
                   std::move(Attr), DeclEndLoc);
+
+    // Parse requires-clause[opt].
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+      ParseTrailingRequiresClause(D);
+
+    PrototypeScope.Exit();
+
+    WarnIfHasCUDATargetAttr();
   } else if (Tok.isOneOf(tok::kw_mutable, tok::arrow, tok::kw___attribute,
                          tok::kw_constexpr, tok::kw_consteval,
                          tok::kw___private, tok::kw___global, tok::kw___local,
-                         tok::kw___constant, tok::kw___generic) ||
+                         tok::kw___constant, tok::kw___generic,
+                         tok::kw_requires) ||
              (Tok.is(tok::l_square) && NextToken().is(tok::l_square))) {
     // It's common to forget that one needs '()' before 'mutable', an attribute
-    // specifier, or the result type. Deal with this.
+    // specifier, the result type, or the requires clause. Deal with this.
     unsigned TokKind = 0;
     switch (Tok.getKind()) {
     case tok::kw_mutable: TokKind = 0; break;
     case tok::arrow: TokKind = 1; break;
     case tok::kw___attribute:
     case tok::kw___private:
     case tok::kw___global:
     case tok::kw___local:
     case tok::kw___constant:
     case tok::kw___generic:
     case tok::l_square: TokKind = 2; break;
     case tok::kw_constexpr: TokKind = 3; break;
     case tok::kw_consteval: TokKind = 4; break;
+    case tok::kw_requires: TokKind = 5; break;
     default: llvm_unreachable("Unknown token kind");
     }
 
     Diag(Tok, diag::err_lambda_missing_parens)
       << TokKind
       << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(Tok.getLocation(), "() ");
     SourceLocation DeclEndLoc = DeclLoc;
 
if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
     if (Tok.is(tok::arrow)) {
       SourceRange Range;
       TrailingReturnType =
           ParseTrailingReturnType(Range, /*MayBeFollowedByDirectInit*/ false);
       if (Range.getEnd().isValid())
         DeclEndLoc = Range.getEnd();
     }
 
-    WarnIfHasCUDATargetAttr();
-
     SourceLocation NoLoc;
     D.AddTypeInfo(DeclaratorChunk::getFunction(
                       /*HasProto=*/true,
                       /*IsAmbiguous=*/false,
                       /*LParenLoc=*/NoLoc,
                       /*Params=*/nullptr,
                       /*NumParams=*/0,
                       /*EllipsisLoc=*/NoLoc,
                       /*RParenLoc=*/NoLoc,
                       /*RefQualifierIsLvalueRef=*/true,
                       /*RefQualifierLoc=*/NoLoc, MutableLoc, EST_None,
                       /*ESpecRange=*/SourceRange(),
                       /*Exceptions=*/nullptr,
                       /*ExceptionRanges=*/nullptr,
                       /*NumExceptions=*/0,
                       /*NoexceptExpr=*/nullptr,
                       /*ExceptionSpecTokens=*/nullptr,
                       /*DeclsInPrototype=*/None, DeclLoc, DeclEndLoc, D,
                       TrailingReturnType),
                   std::move(Attr), DeclEndLoc);
+
+    // Parse the requires-clause, if present.
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+      ParseTrailingRequiresClause(D);
+
+    WarnIfHasCUDATargetAttr();
   }
 
   // FIXME: Rename BlockScope -> ClosureScope if we decide to continue using
   // it.
   unsigned ScopeFlags = Scope::BlockScope | Scope::FnScope | Scope::DeclScope |
                         Scope::CompoundStmtScope;
   ParseScope BodyScope(this, ScopeFlags);
 
if (Tok.is(tok::l_square) && NextToken().is(tok::r_square)) {
     BalancedDelimiterTracker T(*this, tok::l_square);
 
     T.consumeOpen();
     T.consumeClose();
     if (T.getCloseLocation().isInvalid())
       return ExprError();
   }
 
-  ExprResult Operand(ParseCastExpression(false));
+  ExprResult Operand(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr));
   if (Operand.isInvalid())
     return Operand;
 
   return Actions.ActOnCXXDelete(Start, UseGlobal, ArrayDelete, Operand.get());
 }
 
 static TypeTrait TypeTraitFromTokKind(tok::TokenKind kind) {
   switch (kind) {
if (Tok.is(tok::l_brace)) {
     bool NotCastExpr;
     if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren) && NextToken().is(tok::r_paren)) {
       NotCastExpr = true;
     } else {
       // Try parsing the cast-expression that may follow.
       // If it is not a cast-expression, NotCastExpr will be true and no token
       // will be consumed.
       ColonProt.restore();
-      Result = ParseCastExpression(false/*isUnaryExpression*/,
+      Result = ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr,
                                    false/*isAddressofOperand*/,
                                    NotCastExpr,
                                    // type-id has priority.
                                    IsTypeCast);
     }
 
     // If we parsed a cast-expression, it's really a type-id, otherwise it's
     // an expression.

clang/lib/Parse/ParseOpenMP.cpp

 ExprResult Parser::ParseOpenMPParensExpr(StringRef ClauseName,
                                          SourceLocation &RLoc,
                                          bool IsAddressOfOperand) {
   BalancedDelimiterTracker T(*this, tok::l_paren, tok::annot_pragma_openmp_end);
   if (T.expectAndConsume(diag::err_expected_lparen_after, ClauseName.data()))
     return ExprError();
 
   SourceLocation ELoc = Tok.getLocation();
-  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(
-      /*isUnaryExpression=*/false, IsAddressOfOperand, NotTypeCast));
+  ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr, IsAddressOfOperand,
+                                     NotTypeCast));
   ExprResult Val(ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Conditional));
   Val = Actions.ActOnFinishFullExpr(Val.get(), ELoc, /*DiscardedValue*/ false);
 
   // Parse ')'.
   RLoc = Tok.getLocation();
   if (!T.consumeClose())
     RLoc = T.getCloseLocation();
 
if (Kind == OMPC_schedule) {
     }
   }
 
   bool NeedAnExpression = (Kind == OMPC_schedule && DelimLoc.isValid()) ||
                           (Kind == OMPC_dist_schedule && DelimLoc.isValid()) ||
                           Kind == OMPC_if;
   if (NeedAnExpression) {
     SourceLocation ELoc = Tok.getLocation();
-    ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(false, false, NotTypeCast));
+    ExprResult LHS(ParseCastExpression(AnyCastExpr, false, NotTypeCast));
     Val = ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(LHS, prec::Conditional);
     Val =
         Actions.ActOnFinishFullExpr(Val.get(), ELoc, /*DiscardedValue*/ false);
   }
 
   // Parse ')'.
   SourceLocation RLoc = Tok.getLocation();
   if (!T.consumeClose())

clang/lib/Parse/ParseTemplate.cpp

do {
 
     ExprResult OptionalRequiresClauseConstraintER;
     if (!TemplateParams.empty()) {
       isSpecialization = false;
       ++CurTemplateDepthTracker;
 
       if (TryConsumeToken(tok::kw_requires)) {
         OptionalRequiresClauseConstraintER =
-            Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(ParseConstraintExpression());
+            Actions.CorrectDelayedTyposInExpr(
+                ParseConstraintLogicalOrExpression());
         if (!OptionalRequiresClauseConstraintER.isUsable()) {
           // Skip until the semi-colon or a '}'.
           SkipUntil(tok::r_brace, StopAtSemi | StopBeforeMatch);
           TryConsumeToken(tok::semi);
           return nullptr;
         }
       }
     } else {
Decl *Parser::ParseSingleDeclarationAfterTemplate(
 
   llvm::TimeTraceScope TimeScope("ParseTemplate", [&]() {
     return DeclaratorInfo.getIdentifier() != nullptr
                ? DeclaratorInfo.getIdentifier()->getName()
                : "<unknown>";
   });
 
   LateParsedAttrList LateParsedAttrs(true);
-  if (DeclaratorInfo.isFunctionDeclarator())
+  if (DeclaratorInfo.isFunctionDeclarator()) {
     MaybeParseGNUAttributes(DeclaratorInfo, &LateParsedAttrs);
 
+    if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires))
+      ParseTrailingRequiresClause(DeclaratorInfo);
+  }
+
   if (DeclaratorInfo.isFunctionDeclarator() &&
       isStartOfFunctionDefinition(DeclaratorInfo)) {
 
     // Function definitions are only allowed at file scope and in C++ classes.
     // The C++ inline method definition case is handled elsewhere, so we only
     // need to handle the file scope definition case.
     if (Context != DeclaratorContext::FileContext) {
       Diag(Tok, diag::err_function_definition_not_allowed);
       SkipMalformedDecl();

clang/lib/Parse/ParseTentative.cpp

if (Tok.is(tok::l_paren)) {
       // direct-declarator '(' parameter-declaration-clause ')'
       //        cv-qualifier-seq[opt] exception-specification[opt]
       ConsumeParen();
       TPR = TryParseFunctionDeclarator();
     } else if (Tok.is(tok::l_square)) {
       // direct-declarator '[' constant-expression[opt] ']'
       // direct-abstract-declarator[opt] '[' constant-expression[opt] ']'
       TPR = TryParseBracketDeclarator();
+    } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_requires)) {
+      // declarator requires-clause
+      // A requires clause indicates a function declaration.
+      TPR = TPResult::True;
     } else {
       break;
     }
 
     if (TPR != TPResult::Ambiguous)
       return TPR;
   }
 

 ///
 /// '(' parameter-declaration-clause ')' cv-qualifier-seq[opt]
 ///         exception-specification[opt]
 ///
 /// exception-specification:
 ///   'throw' '(' type-id-list[opt] ')'
 ///
 Parser::TPResult Parser::TryParseFunctionDeclarator() {
-
   // The '(' is already parsed.
 
   TPResult TPR = TryParseParameterDeclarationClause();
   if (TPR == TPResult::Ambiguous && Tok.isNot(tok::r_paren))
     TPR = TPResult::False;
 
   if (TPR == TPResult::False || TPR == TPResult::Error)
     return TPR;

clang/lib/Sema/SemaCast.cpp

if (Self.ResolveAndFixSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization(
           Expr::getValueKindForType(DestType) == VK_RValue // Convert Fun to Ptr
           ) &&
       Result.isUsable())
     return true;
 
   // No guarantees that ResolveAndFixSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization
   // preserves Result.
   Result = E;
-  if (!Self.resolveAndFixAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(
+  if (!Self.resolveAndFixAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(
           Result, /*DoFunctionPointerConversion=*/true))
     return false;
   return Result.isUsable();
 }
 
 static TryCastResult TryReinterpretCast(Sema &Self, ExprResult &SrcExpr,
                                         QualType DestType, bool CStyle,
                                         SourceRange OpRange,

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

 //===-- SemaConcept.cpp - Semantic Analysis for Constraints and Concepts --===//
 //
 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
 //
 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 //  This file implements semantic analysis for C++ constraints and concepts.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+#include "clang/Sema/SemaConcept.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Sema.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/SemaInternal.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/SemaDiagnostic.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/TemplateDeduction.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Template.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
 #include "clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/PointerUnion.h"
 using namespace clang;
 using namespace sema;
 
-bool Sema::CheckConstraintExpression(Expr *ConstraintExpression) {
+bool Sema::CheckConstraintExpression(Expr *ConstraintExpression,
+                                     Expr **Culprit) {
   // C++2a [temp.constr.atomic]p1
   // ..E shall be a constant expression of type bool.
 
   ConstraintExpression = ConstraintExpression->IgnoreParenImpCasts();
 
   if (auto *BinOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(ConstraintExpression)) {
     if (BinOp->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd || BinOp->getOpcode() == BO_LOr)
       return CheckConstraintExpression(BinOp->getLHS()) &&
              CheckConstraintExpression(BinOp->getRHS());
   } else if (auto *C = dyn_cast<ExprWithCleanups>(ConstraintExpression))
     return CheckConstraintExpression(C->getSubExpr());
 
   // An atomic constraint!
   if (ConstraintExpression->isTypeDependent())
     return true;
 
   QualType Type = ConstraintExpression->getType();
   if (!Context.hasSameUnqualifiedType(Type, Context.BoolTy)) {
     Diag(ConstraintExpression->getExprLoc(),
          diag::err_non_bool_atomic_constraint) << Type
         << ConstraintExpression->getSourceRange();
+    if (Culprit)
+      *Culprit = ConstraintExpression;
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 template <typename AtomicEvaluator>
 static bool
 calculateConstraintSatisfaction(Sema &S, const Expr *ConstraintExpr,
                                 ConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction,
assert(!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied &&
          "Attempted to diagnose a satisfied constraint");
   bool First = true;
   for (auto &Pair : Satisfaction) {
     diagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraintExpr(*this, Pair.first, Pair.second, First);
     First = false;
   }
 }
 
-namespace {
-struct AtomicConstraint {
-  const Expr *ConstraintExpr;
-  llvm::Optional<llvm::SmallVector<TemplateArgumentLoc, 3>> ParameterMapping;
-
-  AtomicConstraint(Sema &S, const Expr *ConstraintExpr) :
-      ConstraintExpr(ConstraintExpr) { };
-
-  bool hasMatchingParameterMapping(ASTContext &C,
-                                   const AtomicConstraint &Other) const {
-    if (!ParameterMapping != !Other.ParameterMapping)
-      return false;
-    if (!ParameterMapping)
-      return true;
-    if (ParameterMapping->size() != Other.ParameterMapping->size())
-      return false;
-
-    for (unsigned I = 0, S = ParameterMapping->size(); I < S; ++I)
-      if (!C.getCanonicalTemplateArgument((*ParameterMapping)[I].getArgument())
-               .structurallyEquals(C.getCanonicalTemplateArgument(
-                  (*Other.ParameterMapping)[I].getArgument())))
-        return false;
-    return true;
+NormalizedConstraint *
+Sema::getNormalizedAssociatedConstraints(
+    NamedDecl *ConstrainedDecl, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AssociatedConstraints) {
+  auto CacheEntry = NormalizationCache.find(ConstrainedDecl);
+  if (CacheEntry == NormalizationCache.end()) {
+    auto Normalized =
+        NormalizedConstraint::fromConstraintExprs(*this, ConstrainedDecl,
+                                                  AssociatedConstraints);
+    CacheEntry = NormalizationCache.try_emplace(ConstrainedDecl,
+                                                Normalized).first;
   }
-
-  bool subsumes(ASTContext &C, const AtomicConstraint &Other) const {
-    // C++ [temp.constr.order] p2
-    //   - an atomic constraint A subsumes another atomic constraint B
-    //     if and only if the A and B are identical [...]
-    //
-    // C++ [temp.constr.atomic] p2
-    //   Two atomic constraints are identical if they are formed from the
-    //   same expression and the targets of the parameter mappings are
-    //   equivalent according to the rules for expressions [...]
-
-    // We do not actually substitute the parameter mappings into the
-    // constraint expressions, therefore the constraint expressions are
-    // the originals, and comparing them will suffice.
-    if (ConstraintExpr != Other.ConstraintExpr)
-      return false;
-
-    // Check that the parameter lists are identical
-    return hasMatchingParameterMapping(C, Other);
-  }
-};
-
-/// \brief A normalized constraint, as defined in C++ [temp.constr.normal], is
-/// either an atomic constraint, a conjunction of normalized constraints or a
-/// disjunction of normalized constraints.
-struct NormalizedConstraint {
-  enum CompoundConstraintKind { CCK_Conjunction, CCK_Disjunction };
-
-  using CompoundConstraint = llvm::PointerIntPair<
-      std::pair<NormalizedConstraint, NormalizedConstraint> *, 1,
-      CompoundConstraintKind>;
-
-  llvm::PointerUnion<AtomicConstraint *, CompoundConstraint> Constraint;
-
-  NormalizedConstraint(AtomicConstraint *C): Constraint{C} { };
-  NormalizedConstraint(ASTContext &C, NormalizedConstraint LHS,
-                       NormalizedConstraint RHS, CompoundConstraintKind Kind)
-      : Constraint{CompoundConstraint{
-            new (C) std::pair<NormalizedConstraint, NormalizedConstraint>{LHS,
-                                                                          RHS},
-            Kind}} { };
-
-  CompoundConstraintKind getCompoundKind() const {
-    assert(!isAtomic() && "getCompoundKind called on atomic constraint.");
-    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getInt();
-  }
-
-  bool isAtomic() const { return Constraint.is<AtomicConstraint *>(); }
-
-  NormalizedConstraint &getLHS() const {
-    assert(!isAtomic() && "getLHS called on atomic constraint.");
-    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getPointer()->first;
-  }
-
-  NormalizedConstraint &getRHS() const {
-    assert(!isAtomic() && "getRHS called on atomic constraint.");
-    return Constraint.get<CompoundConstraint>().getPointer()->second;
-  }
+  return CacheEntry->second.hasValue() ? &CacheEntry->second.getValue() :
+      nullptr;
 
-  AtomicConstraint *getAtomicConstraint() const {
-    assert(isAtomic() &&
-           "getAtomicConstraint called on non-atomic constraint.");
-    return Constraint.get<AtomicConstraint *>();
-  }
-
-  static llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>
-  fromConstraintExprs(Sema &S, NamedDecl *D, ArrayRef<const Expr *> E) {
-    assert(E.size() != 0);
-    auto First = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[0]);
-    if (E.size() == 1)
-      return First;
-    auto Second = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[1]);
-    if (!Second)
-      return llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>{};
-    llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint> Conjunction;
-    Conjunction.emplace(S.Context, std::move(*First), std::move(*Second),
-                        CCK_Conjunction);
-    for (unsigned I = 2; I < E.size(); ++I) {
-      auto Next = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[I]);
-      if (!Next)
-        return llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>{};
-      NormalizedConstraint NewConjunction(S.Context, std::move(*Conjunction),
-                                          std::move(*Next), CCK_Conjunction);
-      *Conjunction = std::move(NewConjunction);
-    }
-    return Conjunction;
-  }
-
-private:
-  static llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint> fromConstraintExpr(Sema &S,
-                                                                 NamedDecl *D,
-                                                                 const Expr *E);
-};
-
 static bool substituteParameterMappings(Sema &S, NormalizedConstraint &N,
     ConceptDecl *Concept, ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
     const ASTTemplateArgumentListInfo *ArgsAsWritten) {
   if (!N.isAtomic()) {
     if (substituteParameterMappings(S, N.getLHS(), Concept, TemplateArgs,
                                     ArgsAsWritten))
       return true;
     return substituteParameterMappings(S, N.getRHS(), Concept, TemplateArgs,
Sema::InstantiatingTemplate Inst(
                   ArgsAsWritten->arguments().back().getSourceRange().getEnd()));
   if (S.SubstTemplateArguments(*Atomic.ParameterMapping, MLTAL, SubstArgs))
     return true;
   std::copy(SubstArgs.arguments().begin(), SubstArgs.arguments().end(),
             N.getAtomicConstraint()->ParameterMapping->begin());
   return false;
 }
 
+Optional<NormalizedConstraint>
+NormalizedConstraint::fromConstraintExprs(Sema &S, NamedDecl *D,
+                                          ArrayRef<const Expr *> E) {
+  assert(E.size() != 0);
+  auto First = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[0]);
+  if (E.size() == 1)
+    return First;
+  auto Second = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[1]);
+  if (!Second)
+    return llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>{};
+  llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint> Conjunction;
+  Conjunction.emplace(S.Context, std::move(*First), std::move(*Second),
+                      CCK_Conjunction);
+  for (unsigned I = 2; I < E.size(); ++I) {
+    auto Next = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, E[I]);
+    if (!Next)
+      return llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>{};
+    NormalizedConstraint NewConjunction(S.Context, std::move(*Conjunction),
+                                        std::move(*Next), CCK_Conjunction);
+    *Conjunction = std::move(NewConjunction);
+  }
+  return Conjunction;
+}
+
 llvm::Optional<NormalizedConstraint>
 NormalizedConstraint::fromConstraintExpr(Sema &S, NamedDecl *D, const Expr *E) {
   assert(E != nullptr);
 
   // C++ [temp.constr.normal]p1.1
   // [...]
   // - The normal form of an expression (E) is the normal form of E.
   // [...]
   E = E->IgnoreParenImpCasts();
   if (auto *BO = dyn_cast<const BinaryOperator>(E)) {
     if (BO->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd || BO->getOpcode() == BO_LOr) {
       auto LHS = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, BO->getLHS());
       if (!LHS)
         return None;
       auto RHS = fromConstraintExpr(S, D, BO->getRHS());
       if (!RHS)
         return None;
 
       return NormalizedConstraint(
           S.Context, *LHS, *RHS,
           BO->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd ? CCK_Conjunction : CCK_Disjunction);
     }
   } else if (auto *CSE = dyn_cast<const ConceptSpecializationExpr>(E)) {
-    Optional<NormalizedConstraint> SubNF;
+    NormalizedConstraint *SubNF;
     {
       Sema::InstantiatingTemplate Inst(
           S, CSE->getExprLoc(),
           Sema::InstantiatingTemplate::ConstraintNormalization{}, D,
           CSE->getSourceRange());
       // C++ [temp.constr.normal]p1.1
       // [...]
       // The normal form of an id-expression of the form C<A1, A2, ..., AN>,
       // where C names a concept, is the normal form of the
       // constraint-expression of C, after substituting A1, A2, ..., AN for C’s
       // respective template parameters in the parameter mappings in each atomic
       // constraint. If any such substitution results in an invalid type or
       // expression, the program is ill-formed; no diagnostic is required.
       // [...]
-      SubNF = fromConstraintExpr(S, CSE->getNamedConcept(),
-                                 CSE->getNamedConcept()->getConstraintExpr());
+      ConceptDecl *CD = CSE->getNamedConcept();
+      SubNF = S.getNormalizedAssociatedConstraints(CD,
+                                                   {CD->getConstraintExpr()});
       if (!SubNF)
         return None;
     }
 
     if (substituteParameterMappings(
             S, *SubNF, CSE->getNamedConcept(),
             CSE->getTemplateArguments(), CSE->getTemplateArgsAsWritten()))
       return None;
 
     return SubNF;
   }
   return NormalizedConstraint{new (S.Context) AtomicConstraint(S, E)};
 }
 
-} // namespace
-
 using NormalForm =
     llvm::SmallVector<llvm::SmallVector<AtomicConstraint *, 2>, 4>;
 
 static NormalForm makeCNF(const NormalizedConstraint &Normalized) {
   if (Normalized.isAtomic())
     return {{Normalized.getAtomicConstraint()}};
 
   NormalForm LCNF = makeCNF(Normalized.getLHS());
for (auto &RConjunction : RDNF) {
       std::copy(RConjunction.begin(), RConjunction.end(),
                 std::back_inserter(Combined));
       Res.emplace_back(Combined);
     }
   }
   return Res;
 }
 
+template<typename AtomicSubsumptionEvaluator>
 static bool subsumes(Sema &S, NamedDecl *DP, ArrayRef<const Expr *> P,
-                     NamedDecl *DQ, ArrayRef<const Expr *> Q, bool &Subsumes) {
+                     NamedDecl *DQ, ArrayRef<const Expr *> Q, bool &Subsumes,
+                     AtomicSubsumptionEvaluator E) {
   // C++ [temp.constr.order] p2
   //   In order to determine if a constraint P subsumes a constraint Q, P is
   //   transformed into disjunctive normal form, and Q is transformed into
   //   conjunctive normal form. [...]
-  auto PNormalized = NormalizedConstraint::fromConstraintExprs(S, DP, P);
+  auto *PNormalized = S.getNormalizedAssociatedConstraints(DP, P);
   if (!PNormalized)
     return true;
   const NormalForm PDNF = makeDNF(*PNormalized);
 
-  auto QNormalized = NormalizedConstraint::fromConstraintExprs(S, DQ, Q);
+  auto *QNormalized = S.getNormalizedAssociatedConstraints(DQ, Q);
   if (!QNormalized)
     return true;
   const NormalForm QCNF = makeCNF(*QNormalized);
 
   // C++ [temp.constr.order] p2
   //   Then, P subsumes Q if and only if, for every disjunctive clause Pi in the
   //   disjunctive normal form of P, Pi subsumes every conjunctive clause Qj in
   //   the conjuctive normal form of Q, where [...]
   for (const auto &Pi : PDNF) {
     for (const auto &Qj : QCNF) {
       // C++ [temp.constr.order] p2
       //   - [...] a disjunctive clause Pi subsumes a conjunctive clause Qj if
       //     and only if there exists an atomic constraint Pia in Pi for which
       //     there exists an atomic constraint, Qjb, in Qj such that Pia
       //     subsumes Qjb.
       bool Found = false;
       for (const AtomicConstraint *Pia : Pi) {
         for (const AtomicConstraint *Qjb : Qj) {
-          if (Pia->subsumes(S.Context, *Qjb)) {
+          if (E(*Pia, *Qjb)) {
             Found = true;
             break;
           }
         }
         if (Found)
           break;
       }
       if (!Found) {
bool Sema::IsAtLeastAsConstrained(NamedDecl *D1, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC1,
   }
 
   std::pair<NamedDecl *, NamedDecl *> Key{D1, D2};
   auto CacheEntry = SubsumptionCache.find(Key);
   if (CacheEntry != SubsumptionCache.end()) {
     Result = CacheEntry->second;
     return false;
   }
-  if (subsumes(*this, D1, AC1, D2, AC2, Result))
+  if (subsumes(*this, D1, AC1, D2, AC2, Result,
+        [this] (const AtomicConstraint &A, const AtomicConstraint &B) {
+          return A.subsumes(Context, B);
+        }))
     return true;
   SubsumptionCache.try_emplace(Key, Result);
   return false;
-}
+}
+
+bool Sema::MaybeEmitAmbiguousAtomicConstraintsDiagnostic(NamedDecl *D1,
+    ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC1, NamedDecl *D2, ArrayRef<const Expr *> AC2) {
+  if (AC1.empty() || AC2.empty())
+    return false;
+
+  auto NormalExprEvaluator =
+      [this] (const AtomicConstraint &A, const AtomicConstraint &B) {
+        return A.subsumes(Context, B);
+      };
+
+  const Expr *AmbiguousAtomic1 = nullptr, *AmbiguousAtomic2 = nullptr;
+  auto IdenticalExprEvaluator =
+      [&] (const AtomicConstraint &A, const AtomicConstraint &B) {
+        if (!A.hasMatchingParameterMapping(Context, B))
+          return false;
+        const Expr *EA = A.ConstraintExpr, *EB = B.ConstraintExpr;
+        if (EA == EB)
+          return true;
+
+        // Not the same source level expression - are the expressions
+        // identical?
+        llvm::FoldingSetNodeID IDA, IDB;
+        EA->Profile(IDA, Context, /*Cannonical=*/true);
+        EB->Profile(IDB, Context, /*Cannonical=*/true);
+        if (IDA != IDB)
+          return false;
+
+        AmbiguousAtomic1 = EA;
+        AmbiguousAtomic2 = EB;
+        return true;
+      };
+
+  {
+    // The subsumption checks might cause diagnostics
+    SFINAETrap Trap(*this);
+    bool Is1AtLeastAs2Normally, Is2AtLeastAs1Normally;
+    if (subsumes(*this, D1, AC1, D2, AC2, Is1AtLeastAs2Normally,
+                 NormalExprEvaluator))
+      return false;
+    if (subsumes(*this, D2, AC2, D1, AC1, Is2AtLeastAs1Normally,
+                 NormalExprEvaluator))
+      return false;
+    bool Is1AtLeastAs2, Is2AtLeastAs1;
+    if (subsumes(*this, D1, AC1, D2, AC2, Is1AtLeastAs2,
+                 IdenticalExprEvaluator))
+      return false;
+    if (subsumes(*this, D2, AC2, D1, AC1, Is2AtLeastAs1,
+                 IdenticalExprEvaluator))
+      return false;
+    if (Is1AtLeastAs2 == Is1AtLeastAs2Normally &&
+        Is2AtLeastAs1 == Is2AtLeastAs1Normally)
+      // Same result - no ambiguity was caused by identical atomic expressions.
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // A different result! Some ambiguous atomic constraint(s) caused a difference
+  assert(AmbiguousAtomic1 && AmbiguousAtomic2);
+
+  Diag(AmbiguousAtomic1->getBeginLoc(), diag::note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints)
+      << AmbiguousAtomic1->getSourceRange();
+  Diag(AmbiguousAtomic2->getBeginLoc(),
+       diag::note_ambiguous_atomic_constraints_similar_expression)
+      << AmbiguousAtomic2->getSourceRange();
+  return true;
+}

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp

if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXDestructorName) {
 
       Name = S->Context.DeclarationNames.getCXXDestructorName(CT);
     }
 
     for (Path.Decls = BaseRecord->lookup(Name); !Path.Decls.empty();
          Path.Decls = Path.Decls.slice(1)) {
       NamedDecl *D = Path.Decls.front();
       if (CXXMethodDecl *MD = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(D)) {
-        if (MD->isVirtual() && !S->IsOverload(Method, MD, false))
+        if (MD->isVirtual() &&
+            !S->IsOverload(
+                Method, MD, /*UseMemberUsingDeclRules=*/false,
+                /*ConsiderCudaAttrs=*/true,
+                // C++2a [class.virtual]p2 does not consider requires clauses
+                // when overriding.
+                /*ConsiderRequiresClauses=*/false))
           return true;
       }
     }
 
     return false;
   }
 };
 
if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
     //     attributed reference to a type name (which eventually refers to a
     //     function type).
     bool HasPrototype =
       (D.isFunctionDeclarator() && D.getFunctionTypeInfo().hasPrototype) ||
       (!R->getAsAdjusted<FunctionType>() && R->isFunctionProtoType());
 
     NewFD = FunctionDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, DC, D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo,
                                  R, TInfo, SC, isInline, HasPrototype,
-                                 CSK_unspecified);
+                                 CSK_unspecified,
+                                 /*TrailingRequiresClause=*/nullptr);
     if (D.isInvalidType())
       NewFD->setInvalidDecl();
 
     return NewFD;
   }
 
   ExplicitSpecifier ExplicitSpecifier = D.getDeclSpec().getExplicitSpecifier();
 
   ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind = D.getDeclSpec().getConstexprSpecifier();
   if (ConstexprKind == CSK_constinit) {
     SemaRef.Diag(D.getDeclSpec().getConstexprSpecLoc(),
                  diag::err_constexpr_wrong_decl_kind)
         << ConstexprKind;
     ConstexprKind = CSK_unspecified;
     D.getMutableDeclSpec().ClearConstexprSpec();
   }
+  Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D.getTrailingRequiresClause();
 
   // Check that the return type is not an abstract class type.
   // For record types, this is done by the AbstractClassUsageDiagnoser once
   // the class has been completely parsed.
   if (!DC->isRecord() &&
       SemaRef.RequireNonAbstractType(
           D.getIdentifierLoc(), R->castAs<FunctionType>()->getReturnType(),
           diag::err_abstract_type_in_decl, SemaRef.AbstractReturnType))
     D.setInvalidType();
 
   if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXConstructorName) {
     // This is a C++ constructor declaration.
     assert(DC->isRecord() &&
            "Constructors can only be declared in a member context");
 
     R = SemaRef.CheckConstructorDeclarator(D, R, SC);
     return CXXConstructorDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC), D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo, R,
         TInfo, ExplicitSpecifier, isInline,
-        /*isImplicitlyDeclared=*/false, ConstexprKind);
+        /*isImplicitlyDeclared=*/false, ConstexprKind, InheritedConstructor(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
 
   } else if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXDestructorName) {
     // This is a C++ destructor declaration.
     if (DC->isRecord()) {
       R = SemaRef.CheckDestructorDeclarator(D, R, SC);
       CXXRecordDecl *Record = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC);
       CXXDestructorDecl *NewDD = CXXDestructorDecl::Create(
           SemaRef.Context, Record, D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo, R, TInfo,
-          isInline,
-          /*isImplicitlyDeclared=*/false, ConstexprKind);
+          isInline, /*isImplicitlyDeclared=*/false, ConstexprKind,
+          TrailingRequiresClause);
 
       // If the destructor needs an implicit exception specification, set it
       // now. FIXME: It'd be nice to be able to create the right type to start
       // with, but the type needs to reference the destructor declaration.
       if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11)
         SemaRef.AdjustDestructorExceptionSpec(NewDD);
 
       IsVirtualOkay = true;
       return NewDD;
 
     } else {
       SemaRef.Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_destructor_not_member);
       D.setInvalidType();
 
       // Create a FunctionDecl to satisfy the function definition parsing
       // code path.
       return FunctionDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, DC, D.getBeginLoc(),
                                   D.getIdentifierLoc(), Name, R, TInfo, SC,
                                   isInline,
-                                  /*hasPrototype=*/true, ConstexprKind);
+                                  /*hasPrototype=*/true, ConstexprKind,
+                                  TrailingRequiresClause);
     }
 
   } else if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXConversionFunctionName) {
     if (!DC->isRecord()) {
       SemaRef.Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(),
            diag::err_conv_function_not_member);
       return nullptr;
     }
 
     SemaRef.CheckConversionDeclarator(D, R, SC);
     if (D.isInvalidType())
       return nullptr;
 
     IsVirtualOkay = true;
     return CXXConversionDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC), D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo, R,
-        TInfo, isInline, ExplicitSpecifier, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation());
+        TInfo, isInline, ExplicitSpecifier, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
 
   } else if (Name.getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXDeductionGuideName) {
     SemaRef.CheckDeductionGuideDeclarator(D, R, SC);
 
     return CXXDeductionGuideDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, DC, D.getBeginLoc(),
                                          ExplicitSpecifier, NameInfo, R, TInfo,
                                          D.getEndLoc());
   } else if (DC->isRecord()) {
     // If the name of the function is the same as the name of the record,
     // then this must be an invalid constructor that has a return type.
     // (The parser checks for a return type and makes the declarator a
     // constructor if it has no return type).
     if (Name.getAsIdentifierInfo() &&
         Name.getAsIdentifierInfo() == cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC)->getIdentifier()){
       SemaRef.Diag(D.getIdentifierLoc(), diag::err_constructor_return_type)
         << SourceRange(D.getDeclSpec().getTypeSpecTypeLoc())
         << SourceRange(D.getIdentifierLoc());
       return nullptr;
     }
 
     // This is a C++ method declaration.
     CXXMethodDecl *Ret = CXXMethodDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC), D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo, R,
-        TInfo, SC, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation());
+        TInfo, SC, isInline, ConstexprKind, SourceLocation(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
     IsVirtualOkay = !Ret->isStatic();
     return Ret;
   } else {
     bool isFriend =
         SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && D.getDeclSpec().isFriendSpecified();
     if (!isFriend && SemaRef.CurContext->isRecord())
       return nullptr;
 
     // Determine whether the function was written with a
     // prototype. This true when:
     //   - we're in C++ (where every function has a prototype),
     return FunctionDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, DC, D.getBeginLoc(), NameInfo,
                                 R, TInfo, SC, isInline, true /*HasPrototype*/,
-                                ConstexprKind);
+                                ConstexprKind, TrailingRequiresClause);
   }
 }
 
 enum OpenCLParamType {
   ValidKernelParam,
   PtrPtrKernelParam,
   PtrKernelParam,
   InvalidAddrSpacePtrKernelParam,
if (CXXMethodDecl *Method = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(NewFD)) {
           Method->isCanonicalDecl()) {
         if (AddOverriddenMethods(Method->getParent(), Method)) {
           // If the function was marked as "static", we have a problem.
           if (NewFD->getStorageClass() == SC_Static) {
             ReportOverrides(*this, diag::err_static_overrides_virtual, Method);
           }
         }
       }
+      if (Method->isVirtual() &&
+          (NewFD->getTrailingRequiresClause() ||
+           std::any_of(Method->overridden_methods().begin(),
+                       Method->overridden_methods().end(),
+                       [](const CXXMethodDecl *M) {
+                         return M->getTrailingRequiresClause() != nullptr;
+                       })))
+        // C++2a [class.virtual]p6
+        // A virtual method shall not have a requires-clause.
+        Diag(NewFD->getTrailingRequiresClause()->getBeginLoc(),
+             diag::err_constrained_virtual_method);
 
       if (Method->isStatic())
         checkThisInStaticMemberFunctionType(Method);
     }
 
     // Extra checking for C++ overloaded operators (C++ [over.oper]).
     if (NewFD->isOverloadedOperator() &&
         CheckOverloadedOperatorDeclaration(NewFD)) {

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDeclAttr.cpp

if (auto *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(ND)) {
     FunctionDecl *NewFD;
     // FIXME: Missing call to CheckFunctionDeclaration().
     // FIXME: Mangling?
     // FIXME: Is the qualifier info correct?
     // FIXME: Is the DeclContext correct?
     NewFD = FunctionDecl::Create(
         FD->getASTContext(), FD->getDeclContext(), Loc, Loc,
         DeclarationName(II), FD->getType(), FD->getTypeSourceInfo(), SC_None,
-        false /*isInlineSpecified*/, FD->hasPrototype(), CSK_unspecified);
+        false /*isInlineSpecified*/, FD->hasPrototype(), CSK_unspecified,
+        FD->getTrailingRequiresClause());
     NewD = NewFD;
 
     if (FD->getQualifier())
       NewFD->setQualifierInfo(FD->getQualifierLoc());
 
     // Fake up parameter variables; they are declared as if this were
     // a typedef.
     QualType FDTy = FD->getType();

clang/lib/Sema/SemaDeclCXX.cpp

 /// caller must call \ref ActOnFinishCXXInClassMemberInitializer, even if
 /// parsing or instantiating the initializer failed.
 void Sema::ActOnStartCXXInClassMemberInitializer() {
   // Create a synthetic function scope to represent the call to the constructor
   // that notionally surrounds a use of this initializer.
   PushFunctionScope();
 }
 
+void Sema::ActOnStartTrailingRequiresClause(Scope *S, Declarator &D) {
+  if (!D.isFunctionDeclarator())
+    return;
+  auto &FTI = D.getFunctionTypeInfo();
+  if (!FTI.Params)
+    return;
+  for (auto &Param : ArrayRef<DeclaratorChunk::ParamInfo>(FTI.Params,
+                                                          FTI.NumParams)) {
+    auto *ParamDecl = cast<NamedDecl>(Param.Param);
+    if (ParamDecl->getDeclName())
+      PushOnScopeChains(ParamDecl, S, /*AddToContext=*/false);
+  }
+}
+
 /// This is invoked after parsing an in-class initializer for a
 /// non-static C++ class member, and after instantiating an in-class initializer
 /// in a class template. Such actions are deferred until the class is complete.
 void Sema::ActOnFinishCXXInClassMemberInitializer(Decl *D,
                                                   SourceLocation InitLoc,
                                                   Expr *InitExpr) {
   // Pop the notional constructor scope we created earlier.
   PopFunctionScopeInfo(nullptr, D);
 
   FieldDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(D);
   assert((isa<MSPropertyDecl>(D) || FD->getInClassInitStyle() != ICIS_NoInit) &&
bool Constexpr =
       defaultedSpecialMemberIsConstexpr(*this, Derived, CXXDefaultConstructor,
                                         false, BaseCtor, &ICI);
 
   CXXConstructorDecl *DerivedCtor = CXXConstructorDecl::Create(
       Context, Derived, UsingLoc, NameInfo, TInfo->getType(), TInfo,
       BaseCtor->getExplicitSpecifier(), /*isInline=*/true,
       /*isImplicitlyDeclared=*/true,
       Constexpr ? BaseCtor->getConstexprKind() : CSK_unspecified,
-      InheritedConstructor(Shadow, BaseCtor));
+      InheritedConstructor(Shadow, BaseCtor),
+      BaseCtor->getTrailingRequiresClause());
   if (Shadow->isInvalidDecl())
     DerivedCtor->setInvalidDecl();
 
   // Build an unevaluated exception specification for this fake constructor.
   const FunctionProtoType *FPT = TInfo->getType()->castAs<FunctionProtoType>();
   FunctionProtoType::ExtProtoInfo EPI = FPT->getExtProtoInfo();
   EPI.ExceptionSpec.Type = EST_Unevaluated;
   EPI.ExceptionSpec.SourceDecl = DerivedCtor;
bool Sema::checkThisInStaticMemberFunctionType(CXXMethodDecl *Method) {
   if (Proto->hasTrailingReturn() &&
       !Finder.TraverseTypeLoc(ProtoTL.getReturnLoc()))
     return true;
 
   // Check the exception specification.
   if (checkThisInStaticMemberFunctionExceptionSpec(Method))
     return true;
 
+  // Check the trailing requires clause
+  if (Expr *E = Method->getTrailingRequiresClause())
+    if (!Finder.TraverseStmt(E))
+      return true;
+
   return checkThisInStaticMemberFunctionAttributes(Method);
 }
 
 bool Sema::checkThisInStaticMemberFunctionExceptionSpec(CXXMethodDecl *Method) {
   TypeSourceInfo *TSInfo = Method->getTypeSourceInfo();
   if (!TSInfo)
     return false;
 

clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

bool Sema::DiagnoseUseOfDecl(NamedDecl *D, ArrayRef<SourceLocation> Locs,
 
   DiagnoseAvailabilityOfDecl(D, Locs, UnknownObjCClass, ObjCPropertyAccess,
                              AvoidPartialAvailabilityChecks, ClassReceiver);
 
   DiagnoseUnusedOfDecl(*this, D, Loc);
 
   diagnoseUseOfInternalDeclInInlineFunction(*this, D, Loc);
 
+  // [expr.prim.id]p4
+  //   A program that refers explicitly or implicitly to a function with a
+  //   trailing requires-clause whose constraint-expression is not satisfied,
+  //   other than to declare it, is ill-formed. [...]
+  //
+  // See if this is a function with constraints that need to be satisfied.
+  if (FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D)) {
+    if (Expr *RC = FD->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
+      ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+      bool Failed = CheckConstraintSatisfaction(RC, Satisfaction);
+      if (Failed)
+        // A diagnostic will have already been generated (non-constant
+        // constraint expression, for example)
+        return true;
+      if (!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+        Diag(Loc,
+             diag::err_reference_to_function_with_unsatisfied_constraints)
+            << D;
+        DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(Satisfaction);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   return false;
 }
 
 /// DiagnoseSentinelCalls - This routine checks whether a call or
 /// message-send is to a declaration with the sentinel attribute, and
 /// if so, it checks that the requirements of the sentinel are
 /// satisfied.
 void Sema::DiagnoseSentinelCalls(NamedDecl *D, SourceLocation Loc,
case BuiltinType::Overload: {
     // This is obligatory.
     ExprResult Result = E;
     if (ResolveAndFixSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization(Result, false))
       return Result;
 
     // No guarantees that ResolveAndFixSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization
     // leaves Result unchanged on failure.
     Result = E;
-    if (resolveAndFixAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(Result))
+    if (resolveAndFixAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(Result))
       return Result;
 
     // If that failed, try to recover with a call.
     tryToRecoverWithCall(Result, PDiag(diag::err_ovl_unresolvable),
                          /*complain*/ true);
     return Result;
   }
 
ExprResult Sema::ActOnObjCAvailabilityCheckExpr(
   if (getCurFunctionOrMethodDecl())
     getEnclosingFunction()->HasPotentialAvailabilityViolations = true;
   else if (getCurBlock() || getCurLambda())
     getCurFunction()->HasPotentialAvailabilityViolations = true;
 
   return new (Context)
       ObjCAvailabilityCheckExpr(Version, AtLoc, RParen, Context.BoolTy);
 }
+
+bool Sema::IsDependentFunctionNameExpr(Expr *E) {
+  assert(E->isTypeDependent());
+  return isa<UnresolvedLookupExpr>(E);
+}

clang/lib/Sema/SemaLambda.cpp

Sema::getCurrentMangleNumberContext(const DeclContext *DC) {
   llvm_unreachable("unexpected context");
 }
 
 CXXMethodDecl *Sema::startLambdaDefinition(CXXRecordDecl *Class,
                                            SourceRange IntroducerRange,
                                            TypeSourceInfo *MethodTypeInfo,
                                            SourceLocation EndLoc,
                                            ArrayRef<ParmVarDecl *> Params,
-                                           ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind) {
+                                           ConstexprSpecKind ConstexprKind,
+                                           Expr *TrailingRequiresClause) {
   QualType MethodType = MethodTypeInfo->getType();
   TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams =
       getGenericLambdaTemplateParameterList(getCurLambda(), *this);
   // If a lambda appears in a dependent context or is a generic lambda (has
   // template parameters) and has an 'auto' return type, deduce it to a
   // dependent type.
   if (Class->isDependentContext() || TemplateParams) {
     const FunctionProtoType *FPT = MethodType->castAs<FunctionProtoType>();
MethodNameLoc.CXXOperatorName.BeginOpNameLoc
     = IntroducerRange.getBegin().getRawEncoding();
   MethodNameLoc.CXXOperatorName.EndOpNameLoc
     = IntroducerRange.getEnd().getRawEncoding();
   CXXMethodDecl *Method = CXXMethodDecl::Create(
       Context, Class, EndLoc,
       DeclarationNameInfo(MethodName, IntroducerRange.getBegin(),
                           MethodNameLoc),
       MethodType, MethodTypeInfo, SC_None,
-      /*isInline=*/true, ConstexprKind, EndLoc);
+      /*isInline=*/true, ConstexprKind, EndLoc, TrailingRequiresClause);
   Method->setAccess(AS_public);
   if (!TemplateParams)
     Class->addDecl(Method);
 
   // Temporarily set the lexical declaration context to the current
   // context, so that the Scope stack matches the lexical nesting.
   Method->setLexicalDeclContext(CurContext);
   // Create a function template if we have a template parameter list
if (MethodTyInfo->getType()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack())
       DiagnoseUnexpandedParameterPack(Intro.Range.getBegin(), MethodTyInfo,
                                       UPPC_DeclarationType);
   }
 
   CXXRecordDecl *Class = createLambdaClosureType(Intro.Range, MethodTyInfo,
                                                  KnownDependent, Intro.Default);
   CXXMethodDecl *Method =
       startLambdaDefinition(Class, Intro.Range, MethodTyInfo, EndLoc, Params,
-                            ParamInfo.getDeclSpec().getConstexprSpecifier());
+                            ParamInfo.getDeclSpec().getConstexprSpecifier(),
+                            ParamInfo.getTrailingRequiresClause());
   if (ExplicitParams)
     CheckCXXDefaultArguments(Method);
 
   // This represents the function body for the lambda function, check if we
   // have to apply optnone due to a pragma.
   AddRangeBasedOptnone(Method);
 
   // code_seg attribute on lambda apply to the method.

clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp

if (New->getFriendObjectKind() && New->getQualifier() &&
     Match = TemplateSpecResult.getAsSingle<FunctionDecl>();
     return Ovl_Match;
   }
 
   return Ovl_Overload;
 }
 
 bool Sema::IsOverload(FunctionDecl *New, FunctionDecl *Old,
-                      bool UseMemberUsingDeclRules, bool ConsiderCudaAttrs) {
+                      bool UseMemberUsingDeclRules, bool ConsiderCudaAttrs,
+                      bool ConsiderRequiresClauses) {
   // C++ [basic.start.main]p2: This function shall not be overloaded.
   if (New->isMain())
     return false;
 
   // MSVCRT user defined entry points cannot be overloaded.
   if (New->isMSVCRTEntryPoint())
     return false;
 
for (specific_attr_iterator<EnableIfAttr>
     OldI->getCond()->Profile(OldID, Context, true);
     if (NewID != OldID)
       return true;
   }
 
   if (getLangOpts().CUDA && ConsiderCudaAttrs) {
     // Don't allow overloading of destructors.  (In theory we could, but it
     // would be a giant change to clang.)
-    if (isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(New))
-      return false;
-
+    if (!isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(New)) {
       CUDAFunctionTarget NewTarget = IdentifyCUDATarget(New),
                          OldTarget = IdentifyCUDATarget(Old);
-    if (NewTarget == CFT_InvalidTarget)
-      return false;
-
-    assert((OldTarget != CFT_InvalidTarget) && "Unexpected invalid target.");
+      if (NewTarget != CFT_InvalidTarget) {
+        assert((OldTarget != CFT_InvalidTarget) &&
+               "Unexpected invalid target.");
 
         // Allow overloading of functions with same signature and different CUDA
         // target attributes.
-    return NewTarget != OldTarget;
+        if (NewTarget != OldTarget)
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
-  // TODO: Concepts: Check function trailing requires clauses here.
+  if (ConsiderRequiresClauses) {
+    Expr *NewRC = New->getTrailingRequiresClause(),
+         *OldRC = Old->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+    if ((NewRC != nullptr) != (OldRC != nullptr))
+      // RC are most certainly different - these are overloads.
+      return true;
+
+    if (NewRC) {
+      llvm::FoldingSetNodeID NewID, OldID;
+      NewRC->Profile(NewID, Context, /*Canonical=*/true);
+      OldRC->Profile(OldID, Context, /*Canonical=*/true);
+      if (NewID != OldID)
+        // RCs are not equivalent - these are overloads.
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
 
   // The signatures match; this is not an overload.
   return false;
 }
 
 /// Tries a user-defined conversion from From to ToType.
 ///
 /// Produces an implicit conversion sequence for when a standard conversion
if (const FunctionDecl *Caller = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(CurContext))
       // inferred for the member automatically, based on the bases and fields of
       // the class.
       if (!Caller->isImplicit() && !IsAllowedCUDACall(Caller, Function)) {
         Candidate.Viable = false;
         Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_bad_target;
         return;
       }
 
+  Expr *RequiresClause = Function->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  if (LangOpts.ConceptsTS && RequiresClause) {
+    ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+    if (CheckConstraintSatisfaction(RequiresClause, Satisfaction) ||
+        !Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+      Candidate.Viable = false;
+      Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_constraints_not_satisfied;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Determine the implicit conversion sequences for each of the
   // arguments.
   for (unsigned ArgIdx = 0; ArgIdx < Args.size(); ++ArgIdx) {
     unsigned ConvIdx =
         PO == OverloadCandidateParamOrder::Reversed ? 1 - ArgIdx : ArgIdx;
     if (Candidate.Conversions[ConvIdx].isInitialized()) {
       // We already formed a conversion sequence for this parameter during
       // template argument deduction.
for (unsigned ArgIdx = 0; ArgIdx < Args.size(); ++ArgIdx) {
     } else {
       // (C++ 13.3.2p2): For the purposes of overload resolution, any
       // argument for which there is no corresponding parameter is
       // considered to ""match the ellipsis" (C+ 13.3.3.1.3).
       Candidate.Conversions[ConvIdx].setEllipsis();
     }
   }
 
   if (!AllowExplicit) {
     ExplicitSpecifier ES = ExplicitSpecifier::getFromDecl(Function);
     if (ES.getKind() != ExplicitSpecKind::ResolvedFalse) {
       Candidate.Viable = false;
       Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_explicit_resolved;
       return;
     }
   }
 
   if (EnableIfAttr *FailedAttr = CheckEnableIf(Function, Args)) {
     Candidate.Viable = false;
     Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_enable_if;
     Candidate.DeductionFailure.Data = FailedAttr;
     return;
   }
 
Sema::AddMethodCandidate(CXXMethodDecl *Method, DeclAccessPair FoundDecl,
   if (getLangOpts().CUDA)
     if (const FunctionDecl *Caller = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(CurContext))
       if (!IsAllowedCUDACall(Caller, Method)) {
         Candidate.Viable = false;
         Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_bad_target;
         return;
       }
 
+  Expr *RequiresClause = Method->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  if (LangOpts.ConceptsTS && RequiresClause) {
+    ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+    if (CheckConstraintSatisfaction(RequiresClause, Satisfaction) ||
+        !Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+      Candidate.Viable = false;
+      Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_constraints_not_satisfied;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Determine the implicit conversion sequences for each of the
   // arguments.
   for (unsigned ArgIdx = 0; ArgIdx < Args.size(); ++ArgIdx) {
     unsigned ConvIdx =
         PO == OverloadCandidateParamOrder::Reversed ? 0 : (ArgIdx + 1);
     if (Candidate.Conversions[ConvIdx].isInitialized()) {
       // We already formed a conversion sequence for this parameter during
       // template argument deduction.
Candidate.Conversions[0] = TryObjectArgumentInitialization(
       From->Classify(Context), Conversion, ConversionContext);
 
   if (Candidate.Conversions[0].isBad()) {
     Candidate.Viable = false;
     Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_bad_conversion;
     return;
   }
 
+  Expr *RequiresClause = Conversion->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  if (LangOpts.ConceptsTS && RequiresClause) {
+    ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+    if (CheckConstraintSatisfaction(RequiresClause, Satisfaction) ||
+        !Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+      Candidate.Viable = false;
+      Candidate.FailureKind = ovl_fail_constraints_not_satisfied;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   // We won't go through a user-defined type conversion function to convert a
   // derived to base as such conversions are given Conversion Rank. They only
   // go through a copy constructor. 13.3.3.1.2-p4 [over.ics.user]
   QualType FromCanon
     = Context.getCanonicalType(From->getType().getUnqualifiedType());
   QualType ToCanon = Context.getCanonicalType(ToType).getUnqualifiedType();
   if (FromCanon == ToCanon ||
       IsDerivedFrom(CandidateSet.getLocation(), FromCanon, ToCanon)) {
if (FunctionTemplateDecl *BetterTemplate
                                          Loc,
                        isa<CXXConversionDecl>(Cand1.Function)? TPOC_Conversion
                                                              : TPOC_Call,
                                          Cand1.ExplicitCallArguments,
                                          Cand2.ExplicitCallArguments))
       return BetterTemplate == Cand1.Function->getPrimaryTemplate();
   }
 
+  //   -— F1 and F2 are non-template functions with the same
+  //      parameter-type-lists, and F1 is more constrained than F2 [...],
+  if (Cand1.Function && Cand2.Function && !Cand1IsSpecialization &&
+      !Cand2IsSpecialization && Cand1.Function->hasPrototype() &&
+      Cand2.Function->hasPrototype()) {
+    auto *PT1 = cast<FunctionProtoType>(Cand1.Function->getFunctionType());
+    auto *PT2 = cast<FunctionProtoType>(Cand2.Function->getFunctionType());
+    if (PT1->getNumParams() == PT2->getNumParams() &&
+        PT1->isVariadic() == PT2->isVariadic() &&
+        S.FunctionParamTypesAreEqual(PT1, PT2)) {
+      Expr *RC1 = Cand1.Function->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+      Expr *RC2 = Cand2.Function->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+      if (RC1 && RC2) {
+        bool AtLeastAsConstrained1, AtLeastAsConstrained2;
+        if (S.IsAtLeastAsConstrained(Cand1.Function, {RC1}, Cand2.Function,
+                                     {RC2}, AtLeastAsConstrained1))
+          return false;
+        if (!AtLeastAsConstrained1)
+          return false;
+        if (S.IsAtLeastAsConstrained(Cand2.Function, {RC2}, Cand1.Function,
+                                     {RC1}, AtLeastAsConstrained2))
+          return false;
+        return !AtLeastAsConstrained2;
+      } else if (RC1 || RC2)
+        return RC1 != nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
   //   -- F1 is a constructor for a class D, F2 is a constructor for a base
   //      class B of D, and for all arguments the corresponding parameters of
   //      F1 and F2 have the same type.
   // FIXME: Implement the "all parameters have the same type" check.
   bool Cand1IsInherited =
       dyn_cast_or_null<ConstructorUsingShadowDecl>(Cand1.FoundDecl.getDecl());
   bool Cand2IsInherited =
       dyn_cast_or_null<ConstructorUsingShadowDecl>(Cand2.FoundDecl.getDecl());
if (Complain) {
         S.Diag(FD->getBeginLoc(),
                diag::note_addrof_ovl_candidate_disabled_by_enable_if_attr);
       else
         S.Diag(Loc, diag::err_addrof_function_disabled_by_enable_if_attr) << FD;
     }
     return false;
   }
 
+  if (const Expr *RC = FD->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
+    ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+    if (S.CheckConstraintSatisfaction(RC, Satisfaction))
+      return false;
+    if (!Satisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+      if (Complain) {
+        if (InOverloadResolution)
+          S.Diag(FD->getBeginLoc(),
+                 diag::note_ovl_candidate_unsatisfied_constraints);
+        else
+          S.Diag(Loc, diag::err_addrof_function_constraints_not_satisfied)
+              << FD;
+        S.DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(Satisfaction);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
   auto I = llvm::find_if(FD->parameters(), [](const ParmVarDecl *P) {
     return P->hasAttr<PassObjectSizeAttr>();
   });
   if (I == FD->param_end())
     return true;
 
   if (Complain) {
     // Add one to ParamNo because it's user-facing
PartialDiagnostic PD = PDiag(diag::note_ovl_candidate)
                          << (unsigned)KSPair.first << (unsigned)KSPair.second
                          << Fn << FnDesc;
 
   HandleFunctionTypeMismatch(PD, Fn->getType(), DestType);
   Diag(Fn->getLocation(), PD);
   MaybeEmitInheritedConstructorNote(*this, Found);
 }
 
+template<typename CandidateIterator, typename ConstraintExtractor>
+static void MaybeDiagnoseAmbiguousConstraints(Sema &S,
+    CandidateIterator CandBegin, CandidateIterator CandEnd,
+    ConstraintExtractor Extractor) {
+  // Perhaps the ambiguity was caused by two atomic constraints that are
+  // 'identical' but not equivalent:
+  //
+  // void foo() requires (sizeof(T) > 4) { } // #1
+  // void foo() requires (sizeof(T) > 4) && T::value { } // #2
+  //
+  // The 'sizeof(T) > 4' constraints are seemingly equivalent and should cause
+  // #2 to subsume #1, but these constraint are not considered equivalent
+  // according to the subsumption rules because they are not the same
+  // source-level construct. This behavior is quite confusing and we should try
+  // to help the user figure out what happened.
+  for (auto I = CandBegin; I != CandEnd; ++I) {
+    SmallVector<const Expr *, 3> IAC;
+    NamedDecl *ICand = Extractor(*I, IAC);
+    if (!ICand || IAC.empty())
+      continue;
+    for (auto J = I + 1; J != CandEnd; ++J) {
+      SmallVector<const Expr *, 3> JAC;
+      NamedDecl *JCand = Extractor(*J, JAC);
+      if (!JCand || JAC.empty())
+        continue;
+      // The diagnostic can only happen if there are associated constraints on
+      // both sides (there needs to be some identical atomic constraint).
+      if (S.MaybeEmitAmbiguousAtomicConstraintsDiagnostic(ICand, IAC, JCand,
+                                                          JAC))
+        // Just show the user one diagnostic, he'll probably figure it out from
+        // here.
+        return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Notes the location of all overload candidates designated through
 // OverloadedExpr
 void Sema::NoteAllOverloadCandidates(Expr *OverloadedExpr, QualType DestType,
                                      bool TakingAddress) {
   assert(OverloadedExpr->getType() == Context.OverloadTy);
 
   OverloadExpr::FindResult Ovl = OverloadExpr::find(OverloadedExpr);
   OverloadExpr *OvlExpr = Ovl.Expression;
 
   for (UnresolvedSetIterator I = OvlExpr->decls_begin(),
                             IEnd = OvlExpr->decls_end();
        I != IEnd; ++I) {
     if (FunctionTemplateDecl *FunTmpl =
                 dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>((*I)->getUnderlyingDecl()) ) {
       NoteOverloadCandidate(*I, FunTmpl->getTemplatedDecl(), CRK_None, DestType,
                             TakingAddress);
     } else if (FunctionDecl *Fun
                       = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>((*I)->getUnderlyingDecl()) ) {
       NoteOverloadCandidate(*I, Fun, CRK_None, DestType, TakingAddress);
     }
   }
+
+  MaybeDiagnoseAmbiguousConstraints(*this, OvlExpr->decls_begin(),
+      OvlExpr->decls_end(),
+      [] (NamedDecl *ND, SmallVectorImpl<const Expr *> &AC) -> NamedDecl * {
+        if (auto *FunTmpl =
+                    dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(ND->getUnderlyingDecl())) {
+          FunTmpl->getAssociatedConstraints(AC);
+          return ND;
+        } else if (FunctionDecl *Fun
+                          = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(ND->getUnderlyingDecl())) {
+          Fun->getAssociatedConstraints(AC);
+          return ND;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+      });
 }
 
 /// Diagnoses an ambiguous conversion.  The partial diagnostic is the
 /// "lead" diagnostic; it will be given two arguments, the source and
 /// target types of the conversion.
 void ImplicitConversionSequence::DiagnoseAmbiguousConversion(
                                  Sema &S,
                                  SourceLocation CaretLoc,
case ovl_fail_addr_not_available: {
     bool Available = checkAddressOfCandidateIsAvailable(S, Cand->Function);
     (void)Available;
     assert(!Available);
     break;
   }
   case ovl_non_default_multiversion_function:
     // Do nothing, these should simply be ignored.
     break;
+
+  case ovl_fail_constraints_not_satisfied: {
+    std::string Description;
+    OverloadCandidateKind FnKind =
+           ClassifyOverloadCandidate(S, Cand->FoundDecl, Fn, CRK_None,
+                                     Description).first;
+    S.Diag(Fn->getLocation(),
+           diag::note_ovl_candidate_constraints_not_satisfied)
+            << (unsigned) FnKind;
+    ConstraintSatisfaction Satisfaction;
+    if (S.CheckConstraintSatisfaction(Fn->getTrailingRequiresClause(),
+                                      Satisfaction))
+      break;
+    S.DiagnoseUnsatisfiedConstraint(Satisfaction);
+  }
   }
 }
 
 static void NoteSurrogateCandidate(Sema &S, OverloadCandidate *Cand) {
   // Desugar the type of the surrogate down to a function type,
   // retaining as many typedefs as possible while still showing
   // the function type (and, therefore, its parameter types).
   QualType FnType = Cand->Surrogate->getConversionType();
void OverloadCandidateSet::NoteCandidates(PartialDiagnosticAt PD,
     Sema &S, OverloadCandidateDisplayKind OCD, ArrayRef<Expr *> Args,
     StringRef Opc, SourceLocation OpLoc,
     llvm::function_ref<bool(OverloadCandidate &)> Filter) {
 
   auto Cands = CompleteCandidates(S, OCD, Args, OpLoc, Filter);
 
   S.Diag(PD.first, PD.second);
 
   NoteCandidates(S, Args, Cands, Opc, OpLoc);
 }
 
 void OverloadCandidateSet::NoteCandidates(Sema &S, ArrayRef<Expr *> Args,
                                           ArrayRef<OverloadCandidate *> Cands,
                                           StringRef Opc, SourceLocation OpLoc) {
   bool ReportedAmbiguousConversions = false;
 
   const OverloadsShown ShowOverloads = S.Diags.getShowOverloads();
else {
         ReportedAmbiguousConversions = true;
       }
 
       // If this is a viable builtin, print it.
       NoteBuiltinOperatorCandidate(S, Opc, OpLoc, Cand);
     }
   }
 
-  if (I != E)
+  if (I != E) {
     S.Diag(OpLoc, diag::note_ovl_too_many_candidates) << int(E - I);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MaybeDiagnoseAmbiguousConstraints(S, Cands.begin(), E,
+      [] (const OverloadCandidate *Cand, SmallVectorImpl<const Expr *> &AC)
+          -> NamedDecl * {
+        if (FunctionDecl *FD = Cand->Function) {
+          FD->getAssociatedConstraints(AC);
+          return FD;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+      });
 }
 
 static SourceLocation
 GetLocationForCandidate(const TemplateSpecCandidate *Cand) {
   return Cand->Specialization ? Cand->Specialization->getLocation()
                               : SourceLocation();
 }
 
for (I = Cands.begin(), E = Cands.end(); I != E; ++I) {
 
     assert(Cand->Specialization &&
            "Non-matching built-in candidates are not added to Cands.");
     Cand->NoteDeductionFailure(S, ForTakingAddress);
   }
 
   if (I != E)
     S.Diag(Loc, diag::note_ovl_too_many_candidates) << int(E - I);
+
+  MaybeDiagnoseAmbiguousConstraints(S, Cands.begin(), E,
+      [] (const TemplateSpecCandidate *Cand,
+          SmallVectorImpl<const Expr *> &AC) -> NamedDecl * {
+        if (Cand->Specialization)
+          if (FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(Cand->Specialization))
+            if (TemplateDecl *TD = FD->getPrimaryTemplate()) {
+              TD->getAssociatedConstraints(AC);
+              return FD;
+            }
+        return nullptr;
+      });
 }
 
 // [PossiblyAFunctionType]  -->   [Return]
 // NonFunctionType --> NonFunctionType
 // R (A) --> R(A)
 // R (*)(A) --> R (A)
 // R (&)(A) --> R (A)
 // R (S::*)(A) --> R (A)
if (pHadMultipleCandidates)
     *pHadMultipleCandidates = Resolver.hadMultipleCandidates();
   return Fn;
 }
 
 /// Given an expression that refers to an overloaded function, try to
 /// resolve that function to a single function that can have its address taken.
 /// This will modify `Pair` iff it returns non-null.
 ///
-/// This routine can only realistically succeed if all but one candidates in the
-/// overload set for SrcExpr cannot have their addresses taken.
+/// This routine can only succeed if from all of the candidates in the overload
+/// set for SrcExpr that can have their addresses taken, there is one candidate
+/// that is more constrained than the rest.
 FunctionDecl *
-Sema::resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(Expr *E,
-                                                  DeclAccessPair &Pair) {
+Sema::resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(Expr *E, DeclAccessPair &Pair) {
   OverloadExpr::FindResult R = OverloadExpr::find(E);
   OverloadExpr *Ovl = R.Expression;
+  bool IsResultAmbiguous = false;
   FunctionDecl *Result = nullptr;
   DeclAccessPair DAP;
   // Don't use the AddressOfResolver because we're specifically looking for
   // cases where we have one overload candidate that lacks
   // enable_if/pass_object_size/...
   for (auto I = Ovl->decls_begin(), E = Ovl->decls_end(); I != E; ++I) {
     auto *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(I->getUnderlyingDecl());
     if (!FD)
       return nullptr;
 
     if (!checkAddressOfFunctionIsAvailable(FD))
       continue;
 
-    // We have more than one result; quit.
-    if (Result)
+    // We have more than one result - see if it is more constrained than the
+    // previous one.
+    if (Result) {
+      SmallVector<const Expr *, 1> ResultAC, FDAC;
+      Result->getAssociatedConstraints(ResultAC);
+      FD->getAssociatedConstraints(FDAC);
+      bool ResultMoreConstrained, FDMoreConstrained;
+      if (IsAtLeastAsConstrained(Result, ResultAC, FD, FDAC,
+                                 ResultMoreConstrained))
+        return nullptr;
+      if (IsAtLeastAsConstrained(FD, FDAC, Result, ResultAC,
+                                 FDMoreConstrained))
         return nullptr;
+      if (ResultMoreConstrained == FDMoreConstrained) {
+        IsResultAmbiguous = true;
+        continue;
+      } else if (ResultMoreConstrained)
+        continue;
+      // FD is more constrained replace Result with it.
+    }
+    IsResultAmbiguous = false;
     DAP = I.getPair();
     Result = FD;
   }
 
+  if (IsResultAmbiguous)
+    return nullptr;
+
   if (Result)
     Pair = DAP;
   return Result;
 }
 
 /// Given an overloaded function, tries to turn it into a non-overloaded
-/// function reference using resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate. This
+/// function reference using resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate. This
 /// will perform access checks, diagnose the use of the resultant decl, and, if
 /// requested, potentially perform a function-to-pointer decay.
 ///
-/// Returns false if resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate fails.
+/// Returns false if resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate fails.
 /// Otherwise, returns true. This may emit diagnostics and return true.
-bool Sema::resolveAndFixAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(
+bool Sema::resolveAndFixAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(
     ExprResult &SrcExpr, bool DoFunctionPointerConverion) {
   Expr *E = SrcExpr.get();
   assert(E->getType() == Context.OverloadTy && "SrcExpr must be an overload");
 
   DeclAccessPair DAP;
-  FunctionDecl *Found = resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(E, DAP);
+  FunctionDecl *Found = resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(E, DAP);
   if (!Found || Found->isCPUDispatchMultiVersion() ||
       Found->isCPUSpecificMultiVersion())
     return false;
 
   // Emitting multiple diagnostics for a function that is both inaccessible and
   // unavailable is consistent with our behavior elsewhere. So, always check
   // for both.
   DiagnoseUseOfDecl(Found, E->getExprLoc());

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplate.cpp

if (Info.hasSFINAEDiagnostic()) {
     SmallString<128> SFINAEArgString;
     Diag.second.EmitToString(S.getDiagnostics(), SFINAEArgString);
     S.Diag(Diag.first,
            diag::note_partial_spec_not_more_specialized_than_primary)
       << SFINAEArgString;
   }
 
   S.Diag(Template->getLocation(), diag::note_template_decl_here);
+  SmallVector<const Expr *, 3> PartialAC, TemplateAC;
+  Template->getAssociatedConstraints(TemplateAC);
+  Partial->getAssociatedConstraints(PartialAC);
+  S.MaybeEmitAmbiguousAtomicConstraintsDiagnostic(Partial, PartialAC, Template,
+                                                  TemplateAC);
 }
 
 static void
 noteNonDeducibleParameters(Sema &S, TemplateParameterList *TemplateParams,
                            const llvm::SmallBitVector &DeducibleParams) {
   for (unsigned I = 0, N = DeducibleParams.size(); I != N; ++I) {
     if (!DeducibleParams[I]) {
       NamedDecl *Param = TemplateParams->getParam(I);

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

Sema::TemplateDeductionResult Sema::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(
   //   explicitly specified, template argument deduction fails.
   SmallVector<TemplateArgument, 4> Builder;
   if (auto Result = ConvertDeducedTemplateArguments(
           *this, FunctionTemplate, /*IsDeduced*/true, Deduced, Info, Builder,
           CurrentInstantiationScope, NumExplicitlySpecified,
           PartialOverloading))
     return Result;
 
-  if (TemplateDeductionResult Result
-        = CheckDeducedArgumentConstraints(*this, FunctionTemplate, Builder,
-                                          Info))
-    return Result;
-
   // C++ [temp.deduct.call]p10: [DR1391]
   //   If deduction succeeds for all parameters that contain
   //   template-parameters that participate in template argument deduction,
   //   and all template arguments are explicitly specified, deduced, or
   //   obtained from default template arguments, remaining parameters are then
   //   compared with the corresponding arguments. For each remaining parameter
   //   P with a type that was non-dependent before substitution of any
   //   explicitly-specified template arguments, if the corresponding argument
Sema::TemplateDeductionResult Sema::FinishTemplateArgumentDeduction(
   // There may have been an error that did not prevent us from constructing a
   // declaration. Mark the declaration invalid and return with a substitution
   // failure.
   if (Trap.hasErrorOccurred()) {
     Specialization->setInvalidDecl(true);
     return TDK_SubstitutionFailure;
   }
 
+  // C++2a [temp.deduct]p5
+  //   [...] When all template arguments have been deduced [...] all uses of
+  //   template parameters [...] are replaced with the corresponding deduced
+  //   or default argument values.
+  //   [...] If the function template has associated constraints
+  //   ([temp.constr.decl]), those constraints are checked for satisfaction
+  //   ([temp.constr.constr]). If the constraints are not satisfied, type
+  //   deduction fails.
+  if (CheckInstantiatedFunctionTemplateConstraints(Info.getLocation(),
+          Specialization, Builder, Info.AssociatedConstraintsSatisfaction))
+    return TDK_MiscellaneousDeductionFailure;
+
+  if (!Info.AssociatedConstraintsSatisfaction.IsSatisfied) {
+    Info.reset(TemplateArgumentList::CreateCopy(Context, Builder));
+    return TDK_ConstraintsNotSatisfied;
+  }
+
   if (OriginalCallArgs) {
     // C++ [temp.deduct.call]p4:
     //   In general, the deduction process attempts to find template argument
     //   values that will make the deduced A identical to A (after the type A
     //   is transformed as described above). [...]
     llvm::SmallDenseMap<std::pair<unsigned, QualType>, QualType> DeducedATypes;
     for (unsigned I = 0, N = OriginalCallArgs->size(); I != N; ++I) {
       OriginalCallArg OriginalArg = (*OriginalCallArgs)[I];
if (Ovl->hasExplicitTemplateArgs()) {
       // But we can still look for an explicit specialization.
       if (FunctionDecl *ExplicitSpec
             = S.ResolveSingleFunctionTemplateSpecialization(Ovl))
         return GetTypeOfFunction(S, R, ExplicitSpec);
     }
 
     DeclAccessPair DAP;
     if (FunctionDecl *Viable =
-            S.resolveAddressOfOnlyViableOverloadCandidate(Arg, DAP))
+            S.resolveAddressOfSingleOverloadCandidate(Arg, DAP))
       return GetTypeOfFunction(S, R, Viable);
 
     return {};
   }
 
   // Gather the explicit template arguments, if any.
   TemplateArgumentListInfo ExplicitTemplateArgs;
   if (Ovl->hasExplicitTemplateArgs())

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiate.cpp

else if (FunctionDecl *Function = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(Ctx)) {
 
         // If this function was instantiated from a specialized member that is
         // a function template, we're done.
         assert(Function->getPrimaryTemplate() && "No function template?");
         if (Function->getPrimaryTemplate()->isMemberSpecialization())
           break;
 
         // If this function is a generic lambda specialization, we are done.
-        if (isGenericLambdaCallOperatorSpecialization(Function))
+        if (isGenericLambdaCallOperatorOrStaticInvokerSpecialization(Function))
           break;
 
       } else if (FunctionTemplateDecl *FunTmpl
                                    = Function->getDescribedFunctionTemplate()) {
         // Add the "injected" template arguments.
         Result.addOuterTemplateArguments(FunTmpl->getInjectedTemplateArgs());
       }
 

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateInstantiateDecl.cpp

Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitFunctionDecl(
   NestedNameSpecifierLoc QualifierLoc = D->getQualifierLoc();
   if (QualifierLoc) {
     QualifierLoc = SemaRef.SubstNestedNameSpecifierLoc(QualifierLoc,
                                                        TemplateArgs);
     if (!QualifierLoc)
       return nullptr;
   }
 
+  // FIXME: Concepts: Do not substitute into constraint expressions
+  Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  if (TrailingRequiresClause) {
+    ExprResult SubstRC = SemaRef.SubstExpr(TrailingRequiresClause,
+                                           TemplateArgs);
+    if (SubstRC.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TrailingRequiresClause = SubstRC.get();
+    if (!SemaRef.CheckConstraintExpression(TrailingRequiresClause))
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+
   // If we're instantiating a local function declaration, put the result
   // in the enclosing namespace; otherwise we need to find the instantiated
   // context.
   DeclContext *DC;
   if (D->isLocalExternDecl()) {
     DC = Owner;
     SemaRef.adjustContextForLocalExternDecl(DC);
   } else if (isFriend && QualifierLoc) {
Function = CXXDeductionGuideDecl::Create(
         D->getSourceRange().getEnd());
     if (DGuide->isCopyDeductionCandidate())
       cast<CXXDeductionGuideDecl>(Function)->setIsCopyDeductionCandidate();
     Function->setAccess(D->getAccess());
   } else {
     Function = FunctionDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, DC, D->getInnerLocStart(), NameInfo, T, TInfo,
         D->getCanonicalDecl()->getStorageClass(), D->isInlineSpecified(),
-        D->hasWrittenPrototype(), D->getConstexprKind());
+        D->hasWrittenPrototype(), D->getConstexprKind(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
     Function->setRangeEnd(D->getSourceRange().getEnd());
   }
 
   if (D->isInlined())
     Function->setImplicitlyInline();
 
   if (QualifierLoc)
     Function->setQualifierInfo(QualifierLoc);
Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitFunctionDecl(
   Function->setLexicalDeclContext(LexicalDC);
 
   // Attach the parameters
   for (unsigned P = 0; P < Params.size(); ++P)
     if (Params[P])
       Params[P]->setOwningFunction(Function);
   Function->setParams(Params);
 
+  if (TrailingRequiresClause)
+    Function->setTrailingRequiresClause(TrailingRequiresClause);
+
   if (TemplateParams) {
     // Our resulting instantiation is actually a function template, since we
     // are substituting only the outer template parameters. For example, given
     //
     //   template<typename T>
     //   struct X {
     //     template<typename U> friend void f(T, U);
     //   };
Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitCXXMethodDecl(
   NestedNameSpecifierLoc QualifierLoc = D->getQualifierLoc();
   if (QualifierLoc) {
     QualifierLoc = SemaRef.SubstNestedNameSpecifierLoc(QualifierLoc,
                                                  TemplateArgs);
     if (!QualifierLoc)
       return nullptr;
   }
 
+  // FIXME: Concepts: Do not substitute into constraint expressions
+  Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D->getTrailingRequiresClause();
+  if (TrailingRequiresClause) {
+    ExprResult SubstRC = SemaRef.SubstExpr(TrailingRequiresClause,
+                                           TemplateArgs);
+    if (SubstRC.isInvalid())
+      return nullptr;
+    TrailingRequiresClause = SubstRC.get();
+    if (!SemaRef.CheckConstraintExpression(TrailingRequiresClause))
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+
   DeclContext *DC = Owner;
   if (isFriend) {
     if (QualifierLoc) {
       CXXScopeSpec SS;
       SS.Adopt(QualifierLoc);
       DC = SemaRef.computeDeclContext(SS);
 
       if (DC && SemaRef.RequireCompleteDeclContext(SS, DC))
Decl *TemplateDeclInstantiator::VisitCXXMethodDecl(
   CXXRecordDecl *Record = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DC);
   CXXMethodDecl *Method = nullptr;
 
   SourceLocation StartLoc = D->getInnerLocStart();
   if (CXXConstructorDecl *Constructor = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(D)) {
     Method = CXXConstructorDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, Record, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
         InstantiatedExplicitSpecifier, Constructor->isInlineSpecified(), false,
-        Constructor->getConstexprKind());
+        Constructor->getConstexprKind(), InheritedConstructor(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
     Method->setRangeEnd(Constructor->getEndLoc());
   } else if (CXXDestructorDecl *Destructor = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorDecl>(D)) {
     Method = CXXDestructorDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, Record, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
-        Destructor->isInlineSpecified(), false, Destructor->getConstexprKind());
+        Destructor->isInlineSpecified(), false, Destructor->getConstexprKind(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
     Method->setRangeEnd(Destructor->getEndLoc());
   } else if (CXXConversionDecl *Conversion = dyn_cast<CXXConversionDecl>(D)) {
     Method = CXXConversionDecl::Create(
         SemaRef.Context, Record, StartLoc, NameInfo, T, TInfo,
         Conversion->isInlineSpecified(), InstantiatedExplicitSpecifier,
-        Conversion->getConstexprKind(), Conversion->getEndLoc());
+        Conversion->getConstexprKind(), Conversion->getEndLoc(),
+        TrailingRequiresClause);
   } else {
     StorageClass SC = D->isStatic() ? SC_Static : SC_None;
     Method = CXXMethodDecl::Create(SemaRef.Context, Record, StartLoc, NameInfo,
                                    T, TInfo, SC, D->isInlineSpecified(),
-                                   D->getConstexprKind(), D->getEndLoc());
+                                   D->getConstexprKind(), D->getEndLoc(),
+                                   TrailingRequiresClause);
   }
 
   if (D->isInlined())
     Method->setImplicitlyInline();
 
   if (QualifierLoc)
     Method->setQualifierInfo(QualifierLoc);
 
if (addInstantiatedParametersToScope(*this, Decl, Template, Scope,
     UpdateExceptionSpec(Decl, EST_None);
     return;
   }
 
   SubstExceptionSpec(Decl, Template->getType()->castAs<FunctionProtoType>(),
                      TemplateArgs);
 }
 
+bool Sema::CheckInstantiatedFunctionTemplateConstraints(
+    SourceLocation PointOfInstantiation, FunctionDecl *Decl,
+    ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> TemplateArgs,
+    ConstraintSatisfaction &Satisfaction) {
+  // Enter the scope of this instantiation. We don't use
+  // PushDeclContext because we don't have a scope.
+  Sema::ContextRAII savedContext(*this, Decl);
+  LocalInstantiationScope Scope(*this);
+
+  MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList MLTAL =
+    getTemplateInstantiationArgs(Decl, nullptr, /*RelativeToPrimary*/true);
+
+  // If this is not an explicit specialization - we need to get the instantiated
+  // version of the template arguments and add them to scope for the
+  // substitution.
+  if (Decl->isTemplateInstantiation())
+    if (addInstantiatedParametersToScope(*this, Decl,
+                                        Decl->getTemplateInstantiationPattern(),
+                                         Scope, MLTAL))
+      return true;
+
+  FunctionTemplateDecl *Template = Decl->getPrimaryTemplate();
+  // Note - code synthesis context for the constraints check is created
+  // inside CheckConstraintsSatisfaction.
+  SmallVector<const Expr *, 3> TemplateAC;
+  Template->getAssociatedConstraints(TemplateAC);
+  return CheckConstraintSatisfaction(Template, TemplateAC, TemplateArgs,
+                                     PointOfInstantiation, Satisfaction);
+}
+
 /// Initializes the common fields of an instantiation function
 /// declaration (New) from the corresponding fields of its template (Tmpl).
 ///
 /// \returns true if there was an error
 bool
 TemplateDeclInstantiator::InitFunctionInstantiation(FunctionDecl *New,
                                                     FunctionDecl *Tmpl) {
   New->setImplicit(Tmpl->isImplicit());

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateVariadic.cpp

for (unsigned I = 0, N = D.getNumTypeObjects(); I != N; ++I) {
     case DeclaratorChunk::MemberPointer:
       if (Chunk.Mem.Scope().getScopeRep() &&
           Chunk.Mem.Scope().getScopeRep()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack())
         return true;
       break;
     }
   }
 
+  if (Expr *TRC = D.getTrailingRequiresClause())
+    if (TRC->containsUnexpandedParameterPack())
+      return true;
+  
   return false;
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 // Callback to only accept typo corrections that refer to parameter packs.
 class ParameterPackValidatorCCC final : public CorrectionCandidateCallback {
  public:

clang/lib/Sema/TreeTransform.h

QualType NewCallOpType = TransformFunctionProtoType(
                                               ExceptionStorage, Changed);
         });
     if (NewCallOpType.isNull())
       return ExprError();
     NewCallOpTSI = NewCallOpTLBuilder.getTypeSourceInfo(getSema().Context,
                                                         NewCallOpType);
   }
 
+  // Transform the trailing requires clause
+  ExprResult NewTrailingRequiresClause;
+  if (Expr *TRC = E->getCallOperator()->getTrailingRequiresClause())
+    // FIXME: Concepts: Substitution into requires clause should only happen
+    //                  when checking satisfaction.
+    NewTrailingRequiresClause = getDerived().TransformExpr(TRC);
+
   // Create the local class that will describe the lambda.
   CXXRecordDecl *OldClass = E->getLambdaClass();
   CXXRecordDecl *Class
     = getSema().createLambdaClosureType(E->getIntroducerRange(),
                                         NewCallOpTSI,
                                         /*KnownDependent=*/false,
                                         E->getCaptureDefault());
   getDerived().transformedLocalDecl(OldClass, {Class});
 
   Optional<std::tuple<unsigned, bool, Decl *>> Mangling;
   if (getDerived().ReplacingOriginal())
     Mangling = std::make_tuple(OldClass->getLambdaManglingNumber(),
                                OldClass->hasKnownLambdaInternalLinkage(),
                                OldClass->getLambdaContextDecl());
 
   // Build the call operator.
   CXXMethodDecl *NewCallOperator = getSema().startLambdaDefinition(
       Class, E->getIntroducerRange(), NewCallOpTSI,
       E->getCallOperator()->getEndLoc(),
       NewCallOpTSI->getTypeLoc().castAs<FunctionProtoTypeLoc>().getParams(),
-      E->getCallOperator()->getConstexprKind());
+      E->getCallOperator()->getConstexprKind(),
+      NewTrailingRequiresClause.get());
 
   LSI->CallOperator = NewCallOperator;
 
   for (unsigned I = 0, NumParams = NewCallOperator->getNumParams();
        I != NumParams; ++I) {
     auto *P = NewCallOperator->getParamDecl(I);
     if (P->hasUninstantiatedDefaultArg()) {
       EnterExpressionEvaluationContext Eval(

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTReaderDecl.cpp

 }
 
 void ASTDeclReader::VisitDeclaratorDecl(DeclaratorDecl *DD) {
   VisitValueDecl(DD);
   DD->setInnerLocStart(readSourceLocation());
   if (Record.readInt()) { // hasExtInfo
     auto *Info = new (Reader.getContext()) DeclaratorDecl::ExtInfo();
     Record.readQualifierInfo(*Info);
+    if (Record.readInt()) // has TrailingRequiresClause
+      Info->TrailingRequiresClause = cast<Expr>(Record.readStmt());
     DD->DeclInfo = Info;
   }
   QualType TSIType = Record.readType();
   DD->setTypeSourceInfo(
       TSIType.isNull() ? nullptr
                        : Reader.getContext().CreateTypeSourceInfo(TSIType));
 }
 

clang/lib/Serialization/ASTWriterDecl.cpp

void ASTDeclWriter::VisitEnumConstantDecl(EnumConstantDecl *D) {
 
   Code = serialization::DECL_ENUM_CONSTANT;
 }
 
 void ASTDeclWriter::VisitDeclaratorDecl(DeclaratorDecl *D) {
   VisitValueDecl(D);
   Record.AddSourceLocation(D->getInnerLocStart());
   Record.push_back(D->hasExtInfo());
-  if (D->hasExtInfo())
-    Record.AddQualifierInfo(*D->getExtInfo());
+  if (D->hasExtInfo()) {
+    DeclaratorDecl::ExtInfo *Info = D->getExtInfo();
+    Record.AddQualifierInfo(*Info);
+    Record.push_back(Info->TrailingRequiresClause ? 1 : 0);
+    if (Info->TrailingRequiresClause)
+      Record.AddStmt(Info->TrailingRequiresClause);
+  }
   // The location information is deferred until the end of the record.
   Record.AddTypeRef(D->getTypeSourceInfo() ? D->getTypeSourceInfo()->getType()
                                            : QualType());
 }
 
 void ASTDeclWriter::VisitFunctionDecl(FunctionDecl *D) {
   VisitRedeclarable(D);
   VisitDeclaratorDecl(D);

clang/test/CXX/class.derived/class.virtual/p6.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+template<typename T>
+class A {
+  virtual void f1() requires (sizeof(T) == 0);
+  // expected-error@-1{{virtual function cannot have a requires clause}}
+  virtual void f2() requires (sizeof(T) == 1);
+  // expected-error@-1{{virtual function cannot have a requires clause}}
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+class B : A<T> {
+  virtual void f1() requires (sizeof(T) == 0) override {}
+  // expected-error@-1{{virtual function cannot have a requires clause}}
+};
+
+template<typename T> struct C : T {void f() requires true; };
+// expected-error@-1{{virtual function cannot have a requires clause}}
+struct D { virtual void f(); };
+template struct C<D>;
+// expected-note@-1{{in instantiation of template class 'C<D>' requested here}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/dcl/dcl.decl/p3.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+void f1(int a) requires true; // OK
+auto f2(int a) -> bool requires true; // OK
+auto f3(int a) -> bool (*)(int b) requires true; // OK
+auto f4(int a) requires true -> bool; // expected-error{{trailing return type must come before trailing requires clause}}
+int f5(int a) requires; // expected-error{{expected expression}}
+int f6(int a) requires {} // expected-error{{expected expression}}
+void (f7()) requires true;
+void (f8() requires true); // expected-error{{trailing requires clause should be placed outside parentheses}}
+void (*(f9 requires true[10]))(); // expected-error{{trailing requires clause should be placed outside parentheses}}
+static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(f9), void (*[10])()>);
+void (*pf)() requires true; // expected-error{{trailing requires clause can only be used when declaring a function}}
+void g1(int (*dsdads)() requires false); // expected-error{{trailing requires clause can only be used when declaring a function}}
+void g2(int (*(*dsdads)())() requires true); // expected-error{{trailing requires clause can only be used when declaring a function}}
+void g3(int (*(*dsdads)(int) requires true)() ); // expected-error{{trailing requires clause should be placed outside parentheses}}
+using T = void ();
+T x requires true;
+struct S {
+  T m1 requires true, m2 requires true;
+};

clang/test/CXX/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.id/mixed-constraints.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10)
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'sizeof(char [20]) <= 10' (20 <= 10) evaluated to false}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'sizeof(char) >= 4' (1 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
+void foo() requires (sizeof(T) <= 8) {}
+// expected-note@-1{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char]}}
+// expected-note@-2{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char [9]]}}
+// expected-note@-3{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char [20]]}}
+// expected-note@-4{{because 'sizeof(char [9]) <= 8' (9 <= 8) evaluated to false}}
+
+void bar() {
+  foo<char>(); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'foo'}}
+  foo<int>();
+  foo<unsigned long long int>();
+  foo<char[9]>(); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'foo'}}
+  foo<char[20]>(); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'foo'}}
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.id/p4.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+namespace functions
+{
+  void foo(int) requires false {}
+  // expected-note@-1 3{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{candidate function not viable: constraints not satisfied}}
+  void bar(int) requires true {}
+
+  void a(int);
+  void a(double);
+
+  void baz() {
+    foo(1); // expected-error{{no matching function for call to 'foo'}}
+    bar(1);
+    void (*p1)(int) = foo; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'foo': constraints not satisfied}}
+    void (*p3)(int) = bar;
+    decltype(foo)* a1 = nullptr; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'foo': constraints not satisfied}}
+    decltype(bar)* a2 = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+namespace methods
+{
+  template<typename T>
+  struct A {
+    static void foo(int) requires (sizeof(T) == 1) {} // expected-note 3{{because 'sizeof(char [2]) == 1' (2 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+    static void bar(int) requires (sizeof(T) == 2) {} // expected-note 3{{because 'sizeof(char) == 2' (1 == 2) evaluated to false}}
+  };
+
+  void baz() {
+    A<char>::foo(1);
+    A<char>::bar(1); // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'bar': constraints not satisfied}}
+    A<char[2]>::foo(1); // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'foo': constraints not satisfied}}
+    A<char[2]>::bar(1);
+    void (*p1)(int) = A<char>::foo;
+    void (*p2)(int) = A<char>::bar; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'bar': constraints not satisfied}}
+    void (*p3)(int) = A<char[2]>::foo; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'foo': constraints not satisfied}}
+    void (*p4)(int) = A<char[2]>::bar;
+    decltype(A<char>::foo)* a1 = nullptr;
+    decltype(A<char>::bar)* a2 = nullptr; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'bar': constraints not satisfied}}
+    decltype(A<char[2]>::foo)* a3 = nullptr; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'foo': constraints not satisfied}}
+    decltype(A<char[2]>::bar)* a4 = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+namespace operators
+{
+  template<typename T>
+  struct A {
+    A<T> operator-(A<T> b) requires (sizeof(T) == 1) { return b; } // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) == 1' (4 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+  };
+
+  void baz() {
+    auto* x = &A<int>::operator-; // expected-error{{invalid reference to function 'operator-': constraints not satisfied}}
+    auto y = &A<char>::operator-;
+  }
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/expr/expr.prim/expr.prim.lambda/expr.prim.lambda.closure/p3.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+auto l1 = [] (auto x) requires (sizeof(decltype(x)) == 1) { return x; };
+// expected-note@-1{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with $0 = int]}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'sizeof(decltype(x)) == 1' (4 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+
+auto l1t1 = l1('a');
+auto l1t2 = l1(1);
+// expected-error@-1{{no matching function for call to object of type '(lambda at}}
+
+auto l2 = [] (auto... x) requires ((sizeof(decltype(x)) >= 2) && ...) { return (x + ...); };
+// expected-note@-1{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with $0 = <char>]}}
+// expected-note@-2{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with $0 = <int, char>]}}
+// expected-note@-3 2{{because 'sizeof(decltype(x)) >= 2' (1 >= 2) evaluated to false}}
+
+auto l2t1 = l2('a');
+// expected-error@-1{{no matching function for call to object of type '(lambda at}}
+auto l2t2 = l2(1, 'a');
+// expected-error@-1{{no matching function for call to object of type '(lambda at}}
+auto l2t3 = l2((short)1, (short)1);
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/over/over.match/over.match.best/p1-2a.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr static bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr static bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+namespace templates
+{
+  template<typename T>
+  concept AtLeast1 = sizeof(T) >= 1;
+
+  template<typename T>
+  int foo(T t) requires (sizeof(T) == 4) { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  char foo(T t) requires AtLeast1<T> { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 'a';
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  double foo(T t) requires (AtLeast1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 2) {
+    return 'a';
+  }
+
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(foo(10)), int>); // expected-error {{call to 'foo' is ambiguous}}
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(foo(short(10))), double>);
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void bar() requires (sizeof(T) == 1) { }
+  // expected-note@-1{{similar constraint expression here}}
+  // expected-note@-2{{candidate function [with T = char]}}
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void bar() requires (sizeof(T) == 1 && sizeof(T) >= 0) { }
+  // expected-note@-1{{candidate function [with T = char]}}
+  // expected-note@-2{{similar constraint expressions not considered equivalent}}
+
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(bar<char>()), void>);
+  // expected-error@-1{{call to 'bar' is ambiguous}}
+
+  template<typename T>
+  constexpr int baz() requires AtLeast1<T> { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T> requires AtLeast1<T>
+  constexpr int baz() { // expected-note {{candidate function [with T = int]}}
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  static_assert(baz<int>() == 1); // expected-error {{call to 'baz' is ambiguous}}
+}
+
+namespace non_template
+{
+  template<typename T>
+  concept AtLeast2 = sizeof(T) >= 2;
+
+  template<typename T>
+  concept AtMost8 = sizeof(T) <= 8;
+
+  int foo() requires AtLeast2<long> && AtMost8<long> {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  double foo() requires AtLeast2<long> {
+    return 0.0;
+  }
+
+  double baz() requires AtLeast2<long> && AtMost8<long> { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 0.0;
+  }
+
+  int baz() requires AtMost8<long> && AtLeast2<long> { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 0.0;
+  }
+
+  void bar() requires (sizeof(long) >= 8) { }
+  // expected-note@-1 {{candidate function}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{similar constraint expression here}}
+
+  void bar() requires (sizeof(long) >= 8 && sizeof(int) <= 30) { }
+  // expected-note@-1 {{candidate function}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{similar constraint expressions not considered equivalent}}
+
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(foo()), int>);
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(baz()), int>); // expected-error {{call to 'baz' is ambiguous}}
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(bar()), void>); // expected-error {{call to 'bar' is ambiguous}}
+  
+  constexpr int goo(int a) requires AtLeast2<int> && true {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  constexpr int goo(const int b) requires AtLeast2<int> {
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  // Only trailing requires clauses of redeclarations are compared for overload resolution.
+  constexpr int doo(int a, ...) requires AtLeast2<int> && true { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  constexpr int doo(int b) requires AtLeast2<int> { // expected-note {{candidate function}}
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  static_assert(goo(1) == 1);
+  static_assert(doo(2) == 1); // expected-error {{call to 'doo' is ambiguous}}
+}
+

clang/test/CXX/over/over.match/over.match.viable/p3.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+struct S2 {};
+// expected-note@-1 {{candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'S1' to 'const S2' for 1st argument}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{candidate constructor (the implicit move constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'S1' to 'S2' for 1st argument}}
+// expected-note@-3 {{candidate constructor (the implicit default constructor) not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 1 was provided}}
+
+struct S1 {
+  void foo() const requires true {}
+  void foo() const requires false {}
+  void bar() const requires false {}
+  // expected-note@-1 {{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  operator bool() const requires true { return true; }
+  explicit operator bool() const requires false;
+  explicit operator S2() const requires false;
+  // expected-note@-1 {{candidate function not viable: constraints not satisfied}}
+  // expected-note@-2 {{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+};
+
+void foo() {
+  S1().foo();
+  S1().bar();
+  // expected-error@-1 {{invalid reference to function 'bar': constraints not satisfied}}
+  (void) static_cast<bool>(S1());
+  (void) static_cast<S2>(S1());
+  // expected-error@-1 {{no matching conversion for static_cast from 'S1' to 'S2'}}
+}
+
+// Test that constraints are checked before implicit conversions are formed.
+
+template<typename T>
+struct invalid_template { using X = typename T::non_existant; };
+struct A {
+  template<typename T, bool=invalid_template<T>::aadasas>
+  operator T() {}
+};
+
+void foo(int) requires false;
+void foo(A) requires true;
+
+struct S {
+  void foo(int) requires false;
+  void foo(A) requires true;
+  S(A) requires false;
+  S(double) requires true;
+  ~S() requires false;
+  // expected-note@-1 2{{because 'false' evaluated to false}}
+  ~S() requires true;
+  operator int() requires true;
+  operator int() requires false;
+};
+
+void bar() {
+  foo(A{});
+  S{1.}.foo(A{});
+  // expected-error@-1{{invalid reference to function '~S': constraints not satisfied}}
+  // Note - this behavior w.r.t. constrained dtors is a consequence of current
+  // wording, which does not invoke overload resolution when a dtor is called.
+  // P0848 is set to address this issue.
+  S s = 1;
+  // expected-error@-1{{invalid reference to function '~S': constraints not satisfied}}
+  int a = s;
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/over/over.over/p4-2a.cpp

+// RUN:  %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -verify %s
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+constexpr static bool is_same_v = false;
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr static bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
+
+template<typename T>
+concept AtLeast2 = sizeof(T) >= 2;
+
+template<typename T>
+concept AtMost8 = sizeof(T) <= 8;
+
+int foo() requires AtLeast2<long> && AtMost8<long> {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+double foo() requires AtLeast2<char> {
+  return 0.0;
+}
+
+char bar() requires AtLeast2<char> { // expected-note {{possible target for call}}
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+short bar() requires AtLeast2<long> && AtMost8<long> {
+// expected-note@-1{{possible target for call}}
+// expected-note@-2{{candidate function}}
+  return 0.0;
+}
+
+int bar() requires AtMost8<long> && AtLeast2<long> {
+// expected-note@-1{{possible target for call}}
+// expected-note@-2{{candidate function}}
+  return 0.0;
+}
+
+char baz() requires AtLeast2<char> {
+  return 1.0;
+}
+
+short baz() requires AtLeast2<long> && AtMost8<long> {
+  return 0.0;
+}
+
+int baz() requires AtMost8<long> && AtLeast2<long> {
+  return 0.0;
+}
+
+long baz() requires AtMost8<long> && AtLeast2<long> && AtLeast2<short> {
+  return 3.0;
+}
+
+void a() {
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(&foo), int(*)()>);
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(&bar), long(*)()>);
+  // expected-error@-1{{reference to overloaded function could not be resolved; did you mean to call it with no arguments?}}
+  // expected-error@-2{{call to 'bar' is ambiguous}}
+  static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(&baz), long(*)()>);
+}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.constr/function-templates.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
-
+#if 0
 template<typename T>
 constexpr bool is_ptr_v = false;
 
 template<typename T>
 constexpr bool is_ptr_v<T*> = true;
 
 template<typename T, typename U>
 constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
 
 template<typename T>
 constexpr bool is_same_v<T, T> = true;
 
 template<typename T> requires is_ptr_v<T> // expected-note   {{because 'is_ptr_v<int>' evaluated to false}}
                          // expected-note@-1{{because 'is_ptr_v<char>' evaluated to false}}
 auto dereference(T t) { // expected-note   {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = int]}}
                         // expected-note@-1{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char]}}
   return *t;
 }
 
 static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(dereference<int*>(nullptr)), int>);
 static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(dereference(2)), int>); // expected-error {{no matching function for call to 'dereference'}}
 static_assert(is_same_v<decltype(dereference<char>('a')), char>); // expected-error {{no matching function for call to 'dereference'}}
 
-
-template<typename T> requires T{} + T{} // expected-note {{because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed: invalid operands to binary expression ('A' and 'A')}}
+#endif
+template<typename T> requires (T{} + T{}) // expected-note {{because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed: invalid operands to binary expression ('A' and 'A')}}
 auto foo(T t) { // expected-note {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = A]}}
   return t + t;
 }
 
 
-template<typename T> requires !((T{} - T{}) && (T{} + T{})) || false
+template<typename T> requires (!((T{} - T{}) && (T{} + T{})) || false)
 // expected-note@-1{{because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed: invalid operands to binary expression ('A' and 'A')}}
 // expected-note@-2{{and 'false' evaluated to false}}
 auto bar(T t) { // expected-note {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = A]}}
   return t + t;
 }
 
 struct A { };
 
 static_assert(foo(A{})); // expected-error {{no matching function for call to 'foo'}}
 static_assert(bar(A{})); // expected-error {{no matching function for call to 'bar'}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.constr/non-function-templates.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
-
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 2 // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(char) >= 2' (1 >= 2) evaluated to false}}
+#if 0
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 2) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(char) >= 2' (1 >= 2) evaluated to false}}
 struct A {
   static constexpr int value = sizeof(T);
 };
 
 static_assert(A<int>::value == 4);
 static_assert(A<char>::value == 1); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'A' [with T = char]}}
 
 template<typename T, typename U>
-  requires sizeof(T) != sizeof(U) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) != sizeof(char [4])' (4 != 4) evaluated to false}}
-           && sizeof(T) >= 4 // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(char) >= 4' (1 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
+  requires (sizeof(T) != sizeof(U) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) != sizeof(char [4])' (4 != 4) evaluated to false}}
+            && sizeof(T) >= 4) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(char) >= 4' (1 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
 constexpr int SizeDiff = sizeof(T) > sizeof(U) ? sizeof(T) - sizeof(U) : sizeof(U) - sizeof(T);
 
 static_assert(SizeDiff<int, char> == 3);
 static_assert(SizeDiff<int, char[4]> == 0); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for variable template 'SizeDiff' [with T = int, U = char [4]]}}
 static_assert(SizeDiff<char, int> == 3); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for variable template 'SizeDiff' [with T = char, U = int]}}
-
+#endif
 template<typename... Ts>
   requires ((sizeof(Ts) == 4) || ...) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(char) == 4' (1 == 4) evaluated to false}} expected-note{{'sizeof(long long) == 4' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}} expected-note{{'sizeof(int [20]) == 4' (80 == 4) evaluated to false}}
 constexpr auto SumSizes = (sizeof(Ts) + ...);
 
 static_assert(SumSizes<char, long long, int> == 13);
 static_assert(SumSizes<char, long long, int[20]> == 89); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for variable template 'SumSizes' [with Ts = <char, long long, int [20]>]}}
-
+#if 0
 template<typename T>
 concept IsBig = sizeof(T) > 100; // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int) > 100' (4 > 100) evaluated to false}}
 
 template<typename T>
   requires IsBig<T> // expected-note{{'int' does not satisfy 'IsBig'}}
 using BigPtr = T*;
 
 static_assert(sizeof(BigPtr<int>)); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for alias template 'BigPtr' [with T = int]}}}}
 
 template<typename T> requires T::value // expected-note{{because substituted constraint expression is ill-formed: type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
 struct S { static constexpr bool value = true; };
 
 struct S2 { static constexpr bool value = true; };
 
 static_assert(S<int>::value); // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'S' [with T = int]}}
 static_assert(S<S2>::value);
 
 template<typename T>
 struct AA
 {
-    template<typename U> requires sizeof(U) == sizeof(T) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
+    template<typename U> requires (sizeof(U) == sizeof(T)) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
     struct B
     {
         static constexpr int a = 0;
     };
 
-    template<typename U> requires sizeof(U) == sizeof(T) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
+    template<typename U> requires (sizeof(U) == sizeof(T)) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
     static constexpr int b = 1;
 
-    template<typename U> requires sizeof(U) == sizeof(T) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
+    template<typename U> requires (sizeof(U) == sizeof(T)) // expected-note{{because 'sizeof(int [2]) == sizeof(int)' (8 == 4) evaluated to false}}
     static constexpr int getB() { // expected-note{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with U = int [2]]}}
         return 2;
     }
 
     static auto foo()
     {
         return B<T[2]>::a; // expected-error{{constraints not satisfied for class template 'B' [with U = int [2]]}}
     }

 
 template<typename T>
 struct B { using type = typename T::type; }; // expected-error{{type 'int' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
 
 template<typename T> requires B<T>::type // expected-note{{in instantiation of template class 'B<int>' requested here}}
                                          // expected-note@-1{{while substituting template arguments into constraint expression here}}
 struct C { };
 
-template<typename T> requires T{} // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
+template<typename T> requires (T{}) // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
 struct D { };
 
 static_assert(C<int>{}); // expected-note{{while checking constraint satisfaction for template 'C<int>' required here}}
-static_assert(D<int>{}); // expected-note{{while checking constraint satisfaction for template 'D<int>' required here}}
+static_assert(D<int>{}); // expected-note{{while checking constraint satisfaction for template 'D<int>' required here}}
+#endif
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.constr/partial-specializations.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
 
 namespace class_templates
 {
-  template<typename T, typename U> requires sizeof(T) >= 4 // expected-note {{because 'sizeof(char) >= 4' (1 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
+  template<typename T, typename U> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4) // expected-note {{because 'sizeof(char) >= 4' (1 >= 4) evaluated to false}}
   struct is_same { static constexpr bool value = false; };
 
-  template<typename T> requires sizeof(T*) >= 4 && sizeof(T) >= 4
+  template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T*) >= 4 && sizeof(T) >= 4)
   struct is_same<T*, T*> { static constexpr bool value = true; };
 
   static_assert(!is_same<char*, char*>::value);
   static_assert(!is_same<short*, short*>::value);
   static_assert(is_same<int*, int*>::value);
   static_assert(is_same<char, char>::value); // expected-error {{constraints not satisfied for class template 'is_same' [with T = char, U = char]}}
 
   template<typename T>
   struct A { using type = typename T::type; }; // expected-error{{type 'int *' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
 
   template<typename T>
   struct B {};
 
   template<typename T> requires A<T>::type // expected-note{{in instantiation of template class 'class_templates::A<int *>' requested here}}
                                            // expected-note@-1{{while substituting template arguments into constraint expression here}}
   struct B<T*> {};
 
-  template<typename T> requires T{} // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
+  template<typename T> requires (T{}) // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
   struct B<T**> {};
 
   static_assert((B<int**>{}, true)); // expected-note{{while checking constraint satisfaction for class template partial specialization 'B<int *>' required here}}
   // expected-note@-1{{while checking constraint satisfaction for class template partial specialization 'B<int>' required here}}
   // expected-note@-2{{during template argument deduction for class template partial specialization 'B<T *>' [with T = int *]}}
   // expected-note@-3{{during template argument deduction for class template partial specialization 'B<T **>' [with T = int]}}
   // expected-note@-4 2{{in instantiation of template class 'class_templates::B<int **>' requested here}}
 }
 
 namespace variable_templates
 {
-  template<typename T, typename U> requires sizeof(T) >= 4
+  template<typename T, typename U> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4)
   constexpr bool is_same_v = false;
 
-  template<typename T> requires sizeof(T*) >= 4 && sizeof(T) >= 4
+  template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T*) >= 4 && sizeof(T) >= 4)
   constexpr bool is_same_v<T*, T*> = true;
 
   static_assert(!is_same_v<char*, char*>);
   static_assert(!is_same_v<short*, short*>);
   static_assert(is_same_v<int*, int*>);
 
   template<typename T>
   struct A { using type = typename T::type; }; // expected-error{{type 'int *' cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members}}
 
   template<typename T>
   constexpr bool v1 = false;
 
   template<typename T> requires A<T>::type // expected-note{{in instantiation of template class 'variable_templates::A<int *>' requested here}}
                                            // expected-note@-1{{while substituting template arguments into constraint expression here}}
   constexpr bool v1<T*> = true;
 
-  template<typename T> requires T{} // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
+  template<typename T> requires (T{}) // expected-error{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
   constexpr bool v1<T**> = true;
 
   static_assert(v1<int**>); // expected-note{{while checking constraint satisfaction for variable template partial specialization 'v1<int *>' required here}}
   // expected-note@-1{{while checking constraint satisfaction for variable template partial specialization 'v1<int>' required here}}
   // expected-note@-2{{during template argument deduction for variable template partial specialization 'v1<T *>' [with T = int *]}}
   // expected-note@-3{{during template argument deduction for variable template partial specialization 'v1<T **>' [with T = int]}}
   // expected-error@-4{{static_assert failed due to requirement 'v1<int **>'}}
 
 }
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.decl/class-template-decl.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -x c++ -verify %s
 
 namespace nodiag {
 
-template <typename T> requires bool(T())
+template <typename T> requires (bool(T()))
 struct A;
-template <typename U> requires bool(U())
+template <typename U> requires (bool(U()))
 struct A;
 
 } // end namespace nodiag
 
 namespace diag {
 
 template <typename T> requires true // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
 struct A;
 template <typename T> struct A; // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
 
 template <typename T> struct B; // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
 template <typename T> requires true // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
 struct B;
 
 template <typename T> requires true // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
 struct C;
-template <typename T> requires !0 // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+template <typename T> requires (!0) // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
 struct C;
 
 } // end namespace diag
 
 namespace nodiag {
 
 struct AA {
-  template <typename T> requires someFunc(T())
+  template <typename T> requires (someFunc(T()))
   struct A;
 };
 
-template <typename U> requires someFunc(U())
+template <typename U> requires (someFunc(U()))
 struct AA::A { };
 
 struct AAF {
-  template <typename T> requires someFunc(T())
+  template <typename T> requires (someFunc(T()))
   friend struct AA::A;
 };
 
 } // end namespace nodiag
 
 namespace diag {
 
 template <unsigned N>

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.decl/func-template-decl.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -x c++ -verify %s
 
 namespace nodiag {
 
-template <typename T> requires bool(T())
+template <typename T> requires (bool(T()))
 int A();
-template <typename U> requires bool(U())
+template <typename U> requires (bool(U()))
 int A();
 
 } // end namespace nodiag
 
 namespace diag {
 
 namespace orig {
   template <typename T> requires true
   int A();
   template <typename T>
   int B();
   template <typename T> requires true
   int C();
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 int orig::A();
 // expected-error@-1{{out-of-line declaration of 'A' does not match any declaration in namespace 'diag::orig'}}
 template <typename T> requires true
 int orig::B();
 // expected-error@-1{{out-of-line declaration of 'B' does not match any declaration in namespace 'diag::orig'}}
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 int orig::C();
 // expected-error@-1{{out-of-line declaration of 'C' does not match any declaration in namespace 'diag::orig'}}
 
 } // end namespace diag
 
 namespace nodiag {
 
 struct AA {
-  template <typename T> requires someFunc(T())
+  template <typename T> requires (someFunc(T()))
   int A();
 };
 
-template <typename T> requires someFunc(T())
+template <typename T> requires (someFunc(T()))
 int AA::A() { return sizeof(T); }
 
 } // end namespace nodiag
 
 namespace diag {
 
 template <unsigned N>
 struct TA {

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.decl/var-template-decl.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -x c++ -verify %s
 
 namespace nodiag {
 
 struct B {
-    template <typename T> requires bool(T())
+    template <typename T> requires (bool(T()))
     static int A;
 };
 
-template <typename U> requires bool(U())
+template <typename U> requires (bool(U()))
 int B::A = int(U());
 
 } // end namespace nodiag
 
 namespace diag {
 
 struct B {
-    template <typename T> requires bool(T()) // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
+    template <typename T> requires (bool(T())) // expected-note{{previous template declaration is here}}
     static int A;
 };
 
-template <typename U> requires !bool(U())  // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
+template <typename U> requires (!bool(U()))  // expected-error{{requires clause differs in template redeclaration}}
 int B::A = int(U());
 
 } // end namespace diag
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.order/class-template-partial-specializations.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4)
+// expected-note@-1{{similar constraint expressions not considered equivalen}}
 class A{}; // expected-note{{template is declared here}}
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10)
+// expected-note@-1{{similar constraint expression here}}
 class A<T>{}; // expected-error{{class template partial specialization is not more specialized than the primary template}}
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C1 = sizeof(T) >= 4;
 
 template<typename T> requires C1<T>
 class B{};
 
-template<typename T> requires C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10)
 class B<T>{};
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C2 = sizeof(T) > 1 && sizeof(T) <= 8;
 
 template<typename T>
 class C{};
 

 struct F<T>{ enum{ value = 2 }; };
 
 template<typename T> requires C1<T> || C2<T>
 struct F<T>{ enum{ value = 3 }; };
 
 static_assert(F<unsigned>::value == 2);
 static_assert(F<char[10]>::value == 3);
 static_assert(F<char>::value == 1);
+
+// Make sure atomic constraints subsume each other only if their parameter
+// mappings are identical.
+
+template<typename T, typename U> requires C2<T>
+struct I { }; // expected-note {{template is declared here}}
+
+template<typename T, typename U> requires C2<U>
+struct I<T, U> { }; // expected-error {{class template partial specialization is not more specialized than the primary template}}

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.order/function-templates.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4)
 bool a() { return false; } // expected-note {{candidate function [with T = unsigned int]}}
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10)
 bool a() { return true; } // expected-note {{candidate function [with T = unsigned int]}}
 
 bool av = a<unsigned>(); // expected-error {{call to 'a' is ambiguous}}
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C1 = sizeof(T) >= 4;
 
 template<typename T> requires C1<T>
 constexpr bool b() { return false; }
 
-template<typename T> requires C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10)
 constexpr bool b() { return true; }
 
 static_assert(b<int>());
 static_assert(!b<int[10]>());
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C2 = sizeof(T) > 1 && sizeof(T) <= 8;
 

 
 template<typename T> requires C3<void>
 int g() { }
 
 template<typename T> requires C4<void>
 int g() { }
 
 static_assert(sizeof(g<int>()));
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.constr/temp.constr.order/var-template-partial-specializations.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4)
+// expected-note@-1{{similar constraint expressions not considered equivalent}}
 bool a = false; // expected-note{{template is declared here}}
 
-template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T) >= 4 && sizeof(T) <= 10)
+// expected-note@-1{{similar constraint expression here}}
 bool a<T> = true; // expected-error{{variable template partial specialization is not more specialized than the primary template}}
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C1 = sizeof(T) >= 4;
 
 template<typename T> requires C1<T>
 bool b = false;
 
-template<typename T> requires C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10
+template<typename T> requires (C1<T> && sizeof(T) <= 10)
 bool b<T> = true;
 
 template<typename T>
 concept C2 = sizeof(T) > 1 && sizeof(T) <= 8;
 
 template<typename T>
 bool c = false;
 

clang/test/CXX/temp/temp.explicit/p8.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ -verify %s
+
+template<typename T, typename S = char> requires (sizeof(T) + sizeof(S) < 10)
+// expected-note@-1{{because 'sizeof(char [100]) + sizeof(char) < 10' (101 < 10) evaluated to false}}
+void f(T t, S s) requires (sizeof(t) == 1 && sizeof(s) == 1) { };
+// expected-note@-1{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = int, S = char]}}
+// expected-note@-2{{because 'sizeof (t) == 1' (4 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+// expected-note@-3{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char, S = short]}}
+// expected-note@-4{{because 'sizeof (s) == 1' (2 == 1) evaluated to false}}
+// expected-note@-5{{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with T = char [100], S = char]}}
+
+template<>
+void f<int>(int t, char s) { };
+// expected-error@-1{{no function template matches function template specialization 'f'}}
+
+template<>
+void f<char, short>(char t, short s) { };
+// expected-error@-1{{no function template matches function template specialization 'f'}}
+
+template<>
+void f<char[100]>(char t[100], char s) { };
+// expected-error@-1{{no function template matches function template specialization 'f'}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/Parser/cxx-concepts-ambig-constraint-expr.cpp

 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++14 -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
 
 // Test parsing of constraint-expressions in cases where the grammar is
 // ambiguous with the expectation that the longest token sequence which matches
 // the syntax is consumed without backtracking.
 
 // type-specifier-seq in conversion-type-id
-template <typename T> requires (bool)&T::operator short
-unsigned int foo(); // expected-error {{C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations}}
-
-// type-specifier-seq in new-type-id
-template <typename T> requires (bool)sizeof new (T::f()) short
-unsigned int bar(); // expected-error {{C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations}}
-
-template<typename T> requires (bool)sizeof new (T::f()) unsigned // expected-error {{'struct' cannot be signed or unsigned}}
-struct X { }; // expected-error {{'X' cannot be defined in a type specifier}}
-
-// C-style cast
-// of function call on function-style cast
-template <typename T> requires (bool(T()))
-T (*fp)(); // expected-error {{use of undeclared identifier 'fp'}}
-
-// function-style cast
-// as the callee in a function call
-struct A {
-  static int t;
-  template <typename T> requires bool(T())
-  (A(T (&t))) { } // expected-error {{called object type 'bool' is not a function or function pointer}}
-};
+template <typename T> requires T::operator short
+unsigned int foo(); // expected-error {{C++ requires a type specifier for all declarations}}

clang/test/Parser/cxx-concepts-requires-clause.cpp

-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++14 -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
-// expected-no-diagnostics
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
 
 // Test parsing of the optional requires-clause in a template-declaration.
 
 template <typename T> requires true
 void foo() { }
 
-
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 struct A {
   void foo();
   struct AA;
   enum E : int;
   static int x;
 
   template <typename> requires true
   void Mfoo();
 
   template <typename> requires true
   struct M;
 
   template <typename> requires true
   static int Mx;
 
   template <typename TT> requires true
   using MQ = M<TT>;
 };
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 void A<T>::foo() { }
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 struct A<T>::AA { };
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 enum A<T>::E : int { E0 };
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 int A<T>::x = 0;
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 template <typename> requires true
 void A<T>::Mfoo() { }
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 template <typename> requires true
 struct A<T>::M { };
 
-template <typename T> requires !0
+template <typename T> requires (!0)
 template <typename> requires true
 int A<T>::Mx = 0;
 
-
 template <typename T> requires true
 int x = 0;
 
 template <typename T> requires true
 using Q = A<T>;
 
 struct C {
   template <typename> requires true

 template <typename> requires true
 void C::Mfoo() { }
 
 template <typename> requires true
 struct C::M { };
 
 template <typename> requires true
 int C::Mx = 0;
+
+// Test behavior with non-primary-expression requires clauses
+
+template<typename T> requires foo<T>()
+// expected-error@-1{{function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires clause}}
+struct B1 { };
+
+int func() { }
+
+template<typename T> requires func()
+// expected-error@-1{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found '<overloaded function type>')}}
+// expected-note@-2{{function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires clause}}
+struct B2 { };
+
+template<typename T> requires (foo<T>())
+struct B3 { };
+
+template<typename T> requires T{}
+// expected-error@-1{{parentheses are required around initialization expression in this context}}
+struct B4 { };
+
+template<typename T> requires sizeof(T) == 0
+// expected-error@-1{{parentheses are required around sizeof expression in this context}}
+struct B5 { };
+
+template<typename T> requires (sizeof(T)) == 0
+// expected-error@-1{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'unsigned long')}}
+// expected-note@-2{{'==' is not considered part of the requires clause (use parentheses to include it)}}
+struct B6 { };
+
+template<typename T> requires 0
+// expected-error@-1{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'int')}}
+(int) bar() { };
+
+template<typename T> requires foo<T>
+(int) bar() { };
+// expected-error@-1{{function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires clause}}
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires foo<T>();
+// expected-error@-1{{function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires clause}}
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires (foo<T>());
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires func();
+// expected-error@-1{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found '<overloaded function type>')}}
+// expected-note@-2{{function call must be parenthesized to be considered part of the requires clause}}
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires T{};
+// expected-error@-1{{parentheses are required around initialization expression in this context}}
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires sizeof(T) == 0;
+// expected-error@-1{{parentheses are required around sizeof expression in this context}}
+
+template<typename T>
+void bar() requires (sizeof(T)) == 0;
+// expected-error@-1{{atomic constraint must be of type 'bool' (found 'unsigned long')}}
+// expected-note@-2{{'==' is not considered part of the requires clause (use parentheses to include it)}}
+
+void bar(int x, int y) requires (x, y, true);
+
+struct B {
+  int x;
+  void foo(int y) requires (x, this, this->x, y, true);
+  static void bar(int y) requires (x, true);
+  // expected-error@-1{{'this' cannot be implicitly used in a static member function declaration}}
+  static void baz(int y) requires (this, true);
+  // expected-error@-1{{'this' cannot be used in a static member function declaration}}
+};
+
+auto lambda1 = [] (auto x) requires (sizeof(decltype(x)) == 1) { };
+
+auto lambda2 = [] (auto x) constexpr -> int requires (sizeof(decltype(x)) == 1) { return 0; };
+
+auto lambda3 = [] requires (sizeof(char) == 1) { };
+// expected-error@-1{{lambda requires '()' before 'requires' clause}}
 No newline at end of file

clang/test/SemaTemplate/instantiate-requires-clause.cpp

+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++2a -fconcepts-ts -x c++ %s -verify
+
+template <typename... Args> requires ((sizeof(Args) == 1), ...)
+// expected-note@-1 {{because '(sizeof(int) == 1) , (sizeof(char) == 1) , (sizeof(int) == 1)' evaluated to false}}
+void f1(Args&&... args) { }
+// expected-note@-1 {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with Args = <int, char, int>]}}
+
+using f11 = decltype(f1('a'));
+using f12 = decltype(f1(1, 'b'));
+using f13 = decltype(f1(1, 'b', 2));
+// expected-error@-1 {{no matching function for call to 'f1'}}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+void f2(Args&&... args) requires ((sizeof(args) == 1), ...) { }
+// expected-note@-1 {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with Args = <int, char, int>]}}
+// expected-note@-2 {{because '(sizeof (args) == 1) , (sizeof (args) == 1) , (sizeof (args) == 1)' evaluated to false}}
+
+using f21 = decltype(f2('a'));
+using f22 = decltype(f2(1, 'b'));
+using f23 = decltype(f2(1, 'b', 2));
+// expected-error@-1 {{no matching function for call to 'f2'}}
+
+template <typename... Args> requires ((sizeof(Args) == 1), ...)
+// expected-note@-1 {{because '(sizeof(int) == 1) , (sizeof(char) == 1) , (sizeof(int) == 1)' evaluated to false}}
+void f3(Args&&... args) requires ((sizeof(args) == 1), ...) { }
+// expected-note@-1 {{candidate template ignored: constraints not satisfied [with Args = <int, char, int>]}}
+
+using f31 = decltype(f3('a'));
+using f32 = decltype(f3(1, 'b'));
+using f33 = decltype(f3(1, 'b', 2));
+// expected-error@-1 {{no matching function for call to 'f3'}}