C2x was finalized at the June 2023 WG14 meeting. The DIS is out for balloting and the comment period for that closes later this year/early next year. While that does leave an opportunity for more changes to the standard during the DIS ballot resolution process, only editorial changes are anticipated and as a result, the C committee considers C2x to be final. The committee took a straw poll on what we'd prefer the informal name of the standard be, and we decided it should be called C23 regardless of what year ISO publishes it.
However, because the final publication is not out, this patch does not add the language standard alias for the -std=iso9899:<year> spelling of the standard mode; that will be added once ISO finally publishes the document and the year chosen will match the publication date.
This also changes the value of __STDC_VERSION__ from the placeholder value 202000L to the final value 202311L.
Subsequent patches will start renaming things from c2x to c23, cleaning up documentation, etc.