[clang-tidy] Multiple fixes to bugprone-exception-escape

[PiotrZSL]

Summary

• Added support for C++17 or later in tests and added new tests
• Pointers to member functions are now handled correctly in C++20
• Move constructors and operators that are explicitly declared with noexcept(false) or throw(XYZ) are now allowed
• It is now assumed that called noexcept functions won't throw exceptions
• Warnings will now only be printed for function definitions, not declarations
• The throw exception types are now printed as a note
  
  Fixes:
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/40583
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/43667
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/46282
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/49151
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/51596
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54668
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54956
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55143
  • https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/56411

[Eugene.Zelenko]

clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/utils/ExceptionAnalyzer.cpp

491–495

Please don't use auto unless type is explicitly stated in same statement or iterator.

514–517

Ditto.

clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

217

Please keep alphabetical order (by check name) in this section.

[PiotrZSL]

Review fixes

[PiotrZSL]

Update documentation

[PiotrZSL]

This change obsoletes D115118 and D134588.