[llvm-objdump] Implement --prefix option
The prefix given to --prefix will be added to GNU absolute paths when
used with --source option (source interleaved with the disassembly).
This matches GNU's objdump behavior.
GNU and C++17 rules for absolute paths are different.
Depends on D87667.
Fixes PR46368.
Tests which only run on Windows should be added very carefully. Many developers don't have Windows testing method. When they do refactoring, they can easily neglect Windows-only tests. /\ has some pain but you can get round with {{[/\\]}}