ComplexPatterns are kind of weird, they don't call any of the predicates on their operands. And their "complexity" used for tablegen ordering purposes in the matcher table is hand specified.
This started as an attempt to just use sext_inreg + SLOIPat to implement SLOIW just to have one less Select function. The matching for the or+shl is the same as long as you know the immediate is less than 32 for SLOIW. But that didn't work out because using uimm5 with SLOIPat didn't do anything if it was a ComplexPattern.
I realized I could just use a PatFrag with the opcodes I wanted to match and an immediate predicate would then evaluate correctly. This also computes the complexity just like any other pattern does. Then I just needed to check the constraints on the immediates in the predicate. Conveniently the predicate is evaluated after the fragment has been matched. So the structure has already been checked, we just need to find the constants.
I'll note that this is unusual, I didn't find any other targets looking through operands in PatFrag predicate. There is a PredicateCodeUsesOperands feature that can be used to collect the operands into an array that is used by AMDGPU/VOP3Instructions.td. I believe that feature exists to handle commuted matching, but since the nodes here use constants, they aren't ever commuted.