[libc++][hardening] Add back the safe mode.

[var-const]

Summary

The safe mode is in-between the hardened and the debug modes, extending
the checks contained in the hardened mode with certain checks that are
relatively cheap and prevent common sources of errors but aren't
security-critical. Thus, the safe mode trades off some performance for
a wider set of checks, but unlike the debug mode, it can still be used
in production.

[ldionne]

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

51

We need tests.

53

@thakis We brainstormed on some names here:

_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_PLUS_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_EXTENDED_HARDENED_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_STRONG_HARDENED_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_STRICT_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_PARANOID_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_FORTIFIED_MODE
_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE

Do you have any thoughts? Our thoughts so far:

HARDENED_PLUS, EXTENDED_HARDENED, STRONG_HARDENED // those are kind of heavyweight names
PARANOID // has negative connotation and doesn't make it clear whether it is stronger than DEBUG
STRICT // could be confused with the notion of not having non-standard extensions
FORTIFIED // not clear whether it is stronger than HARDENED or not
SAFE // our current preference

In fact, before LLVM 17 we had something called the SAFE mode, and I think what we discovered with Chromium's use case is that it still had its place. Hence, I think what we should do is call this the SAFE mode, backport this change, and rework the way we announced our 17 release notes not to say that we "replaced' the safe mode, but instead that we added new modes and that we changed how the safe mode is enabled. This is IMO a superior design and a superior way of rolling it out based on our experience so far.

libcxx/include/__algorithm/three_way_comp_ref_type.h

53 ↗

(On Diff #553406)

I think this should be a separate (almost NFC) patch. There might be more of those, we should fix all.

[var-const]

Address feedback:

• "hardened-plus" -> "safe";
• add tests.

[var-const]

libcxx/include/__algorithm/three_way_comp_ref_type.h

53 ↗

(On Diff #553406)

https://reviews.llvm.org/D158970

[var-const]

Fix formatting and rebase.

[var-const]

Add a note about the deprecated macro.

[ldionne]

libcxx/docs/Hardening.rst

58

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

109

We should replace all these references to libcxx/docs/Hardening.rst by an internal link to the rst page so that people can actually click on it.

111–117

134–135

libcxx/include/__config

281–286

No strong preference, but we could also do #if HARDENED_MODE + SAFE_MODE + DEBUG_MODE > 1.

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

11–13

I don't really understand this REQUIRES anymore. Can you explain?

[Mordante]

libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-safe-mode.cmake

2

I really would like to enable modules in this build too. Maybe it would be better to do in a followup when we want to backport this.

libcxx/utils/ci/buildkite-pipeline.yml

508–509

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

302–304

I start to feel slightly uncomfortable with these names. To me they are not very descriptive and they are now 4 options. I don't directly have better suggestions, but I think we should spend a bit of time on this.

For example, which is more expensive "safe" or "hardened"?

[ldionne]

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

53

@Mordante Those are the other names we considered.

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

302–304

I agree, this is definitely not perfect. This is user facing too, so we need to find something good.

We thought that safe was good given that it is the name we used for this mode historically (in LLVM 15 and LLVM 16). We also thought that it was "reasonably" clear that it was more expensive than hardened, but maybe it isn't. I'll CC you on the comment above that discusses naming.

[Mordante]

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

53

Thanks. If this list SAFE sounds the best to me too.

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

302–304

Thanks. As said I don't have a better suggestion either.

[crtrott]

I believe this 3-level thing is in general a good idea, and in principle the words "hardened < safe < debug" fell ok-ish to me in terms of expectations how much gets checked.
However, in light of a 3-level mode I may want to rethink for example the asserts in mdspan, and tailor better what is enabled in hardened, vs safe mode. I think the current choices were good in a binary world, in this more nuanced approach I am not sure.

[Mordante]

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

302–304

I agree, this is definitely not perfect. This is user facing too, so we need to find something good.

We thought that safe was good given that it is the name we used for this mode historically (in LLVM 15 and LLVM 16). We also thought that it was "reasonably" clear that it was more expensive than hardened, but maybe it isn't. I'll CC you on the comment above that discusses naming.

Based on this information and Discord I think we should go with safe. I still think it's not great, but it's consistent with what we did in the past.

[var-const]

Address feedback

[var-const]

In D158823#4621784, @crtrott wrote:

I believe this 3-level thing is in general a good idea, and in principle the words "hardened < safe < debug" fell ok-ish to me in terms of expectations how much gets checked.
However, in light of a 3-level mode I may want to rethink for example the asserts in mdspan, and tailor better what is enabled in hardened, vs safe mode. I think the current choices were good in a binary world, in this more nuanced approach I am not sure.

Thanks a lot for your comments! Re. mdspan -- IIRC, we classified most of the assertions in mdspan as valid-element-access, which would enable them in all modes. The only exceptions are:

• layout_left/right::mapping checks -- IMO those should be enabled in the safe mode;
• mdspan: size() is not representable as size_type -- I also think this should be on in the safe mode.

(FWIW, my current informal criteria for the safe mode is "any check as long as it's for UB triggered by user input and not too expensive". With that mindset, none of the checks I remember in mdspan strike me as debug-only -- i.e., all of them make sense in the safe mode as well)

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

53

@Mordante Thank you for the feedback! We spent quite a bit of time on this but unfortunately I don't have a "slam dunk" suggestion. FWIW, I'll outline my reasoning:

• The first presumption is that we'd rather keep the current naming of "hardened" and "debug" (debug in particular seems like a good descriptive name);
• In that case, the new mode would be in-between "hardened" and "debug" modes, and two broad alternatives are to either call it the "hardened-something" mode (to stress that it's an extension of the hardened mode, e.g. "hardened extended mode") or by a single unrelated word. The former approach seemed to produce heavyweight, cumbersome names. The problem with the latter approach is that it's hard to find a single word that makes it obvious that this mode provides more guarantees than the hardened mode.
• My preference for "safe" is partially because it focuses on the (desired) result, not how it is achieved (I think that "hardened" vs "safe" is a little like "optimized" vs "fast"), but in large part because we already have shipped the "safe" mode. I honestly doubt it's possible to find a single word that would unambiguously convey that this mode is stronger than the hardened mode, but "safe" has precedent in its favor, so to speak.

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

134–135

Applied (with a few tweaks, please let me know if they look reasonable to you).

libcxx/include/__config

281–286

Thanks! I think it's better (I don't really expect another mode at this point, but if that ever happens, the new form of this check is much easier to modify).

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

302–304

(I'm marking these comments as "Done" just so that we can keep this conversation in one thread)

[var-const]

Address feedback and rebase.

[var-const]

libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-safe-mode.cmake

2

Thanks! I'll do it in a follow-up like you suggest.

libcxx/include/__config

281–286

Update: unfortunately, with this approach the error is also triggered when setting one of the macros to a bad value (e.g. 2). Reverted to the previous state.

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

11–13

If another hardening mode is enabled (e.g. the safe mode), the assertions will still fire -- basically, we would end up in a situation where _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE is 0 but _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE is 1.

(I changed the assertion type from "uncategorized" to "valid-element-access", btw -- thanks for calling out this test!)

[var-const]

libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-safe-mode.cmake

2

(https://reviews.llvm.org/D159065)

[var-const]

@thakis It would be awesome if you could take a look at this patch and see if naming and the approach make sense for Chromium's use case. Thanks!

[thakis]

This looks perfect for us, thanks!

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

53

As long as it's documented, any of those work for me. Naming tends to be a bikeshed. Here's some more ideas (for the cmake arg), but go with what you like best:

some, most, debug
safe, strict, debug
basic, thorough, debug
minimal, robust, debug
fast, conservative, debug

i.e. maybe renaming the "hardened" level could make the progression clearer. If you want to keep "hardened" as base level, maybe "thorough" or "conservative" are still contenders. But as I said, I don't mind "safe".

libcxx/include/__config

313

TODO when? After a security review of these asserts? Something else? Do you have a rough time frame when this might happen?

[ldionne]

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

89–90

I would prefer removing this release note entirely. It is misleading, I don't know why I added it in the first place. OOB checks in iterators for string_view require an ABI flag, which needs to be set by vendors. This is not interesting to point out in our release notes IMO.

libcxx/include/__config

225–226

313

IMO this TODO is not necessary. We know we want to remove _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED anyway so it would become moot.

libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/alg.sorting/assert.min.max.pass.cpp

13

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

1

For another patch: we need to add tests that ensure that we can enable/disable the various hardening modes on a per-TU basis even if the default configured mode is another mode. For example, configure the library w/ the hardened mode by default, but enable the safe or debug mode inside a single TU via the user macros.

Or the other way around: enable safe mode by default via vendor but enable the hardened mode via users: the result should be that the safe mode set-by-default is disabled and the hardened mode selected by the user is enabled.

Potential way to achieve this?

#if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE
#  define _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_HARDENED
#elif _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE
#  define _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_SAFE
#elif _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE
#  define _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_DEBUG
#endif

#define _LIBCPP_UNCHECKED 31
#define _LIBCPP_HARDENED 32
#define _LIBCPP_SAFE 33
#define _LIBCPP_DEBUG 34

#ifndef _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE
#  define _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_DEFAULT /* from __config_site */
#endif

_LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE would be internal-only, unless we want to migrate our users again in the next release :/

And if we want to make _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE user-visible without migrating our users, we could probably do something like:

#ifndef _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE
#  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE
#    define _LIBCPP_SELECT_HARDENING_MODE _LIBCPP_HARDENED
#  elif [...]
#  endif
#endif

9

This comment is misleading otherwise.

11–13

IMO this should be REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug since the test is basically meaningless in unchecked mode.

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_enabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

23

UNCATEGORIZED?

[var-const]

Address feedback

[var-const]

libcxx/include/__config

313

@thakis I certainly want to do this before the next release (i.e., LLVM 18), and ideally even earlier. And yes, that would include a security review.

libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/alg.sorting/assert.min.max.pass.cpp

13

Thanks!

[var-const]

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

89–90

Addressed in https://reviews.llvm.org/D159171

[ldionne]

CI issues are flakes, this should be good to go.

[ldionne]

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

82

Note that this patch needs to be rebased on top of another patch that brings the release notes between LLVM 17 and main back into sync.

[var-const]

Rebase

[var-const]

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

82

Rebased on top of https://reviews.llvm.org/D159454..

[var-const]

Fix up the release notes

[ldionne]

LGTM with green CI.

[var-const]

Fix the CI.

libcxx/CMakeLists.txt

 
 #===============================================================================
 # Setup CMake Options
 #===============================================================================
 include(CMakeDependentOption)
 include(HandleCompilerRT)
 
 # Basic options ---------------------------------------------------------------
 option(LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED "Build libc++ as a shared library." ON)
 option(LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC "Build libc++ as a static library." ON)
 option(LIBCXX_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM
   "Whether to include support for parts of the library that rely on a filesystem being
    available on the platform. This includes things like most parts of <filesystem> and
    others like <fstream>" ON)
 option(LIBCXX_INCLUDE_TESTS "Build the libc++ tests." ${LLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS})
-set(LIBCXX_SUPPORTED_HARDENING_MODES unchecked hardened debug)
+set(LIBCXX_SUPPORTED_HARDENING_MODES unchecked hardened safe debug)
 set(LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE "unchecked" CACHE STRING
   "Specify the default hardening mode to use. This mode will be used inside the
    compiled library and will be the default when compiling user code. Note that
    users can override this setting in their own code. This does not affect the
    ABI. Supported values are ${LIBCXX_SUPPORTED_HARDENING_MODES}.")
 if (NOT "${LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE}" IN_LIST LIBCXX_SUPPORTED_HARDENING_MODES)
   message(FATAL_ERROR
     "Unsupported hardening mode: '${LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE}'. Supported values are ${LIBCXX_SUPPORTED_HARDENING_MODES}.")

 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_LOCALIZATION _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_LOCALIZATION)
 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_UNICODE _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_UNICODE)
 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_WIDE_CHARACTERS _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS)
 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_STD_MODULES _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_STD_MODULES)
 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_TIME_ZONE_DATABASE _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_TIME_ZONE_DATABASE)
 config_define_if_not(LIBCXX_ENABLE_VENDOR_AVAILABILITY_ANNOTATIONS _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_VENDOR_AVAILABILITY_ANNOTATIONS)
 if (LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE STREQUAL "hardened")
   config_define(1 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT)
+  config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT)
+  config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT)
+elseif (LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE STREQUAL "safe")
+  config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT)
+  config_define(1 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT)
   config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT)
 elseif (LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE STREQUAL "debug")
   config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT)
+  config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT)
   config_define(1 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT)
 elseif (LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE STREQUAL "unchecked")
   config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT)
+  config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT)
   config_define(0 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT)
 endif()
 # TODO(LLVM 19): Remove this after branching for LLVM 18, this is a simple
 # courtesy for vendors to be notified about this change.
 if (LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS has been replaced by LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE=hardened")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS has been replaced by LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE=safe")
 endif()
 
 if (LIBCXX_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND STREQUAL "serial")
   config_define(1 _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_SERIAL)
 elseif(LIBCXX_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND STREQUAL "std_thread")
   config_define(1 _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_THREAD)
 elseif(LIBCXX_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND STREQUAL "libdispatch")
   config_define(1 _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_LIBDISPATCH)

libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-safe-mode.cmake

+set(LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE "safe" CACHE STRING "")

libcxx/docs/Hardening.rst

-=============
-Hardened Mode
-=============
+===============
+Hardening Modes
+===============
 
 .. contents::
    :local:
 
-.. _using-hardened-mode:
+.. _using-hardening-modes:
 
-Using the hardened mode
-=======================
+Using hardening modes
+=====================
 
 The hardened mode enables a set of security-critical assertions that prevent
 undefined behavior caused by violating preconditions of the standard library.
 These assertions can be done with relatively little overhead in constant time
 and are intended to be used in production.
 
-In addition to the hardened mode, libc++ also provides the debug mode which
-contains all the checks from the hardened mode and additionally more expensive
-checks that may affect the complexity of algorithms. The debug mode is intended
-to be used for testing, not in production.
+In addition to the hardened mode, libc++ also provides two other hardening
+modes:
+- safe mode;
+- debug mode.
+
+The safe mode contains all the checks from the hardened mode and additionally
+some checks for undefined behavior that incur relatively little overhead but
+aren't security-critical. While the performance penalty is somewhat more
+significant compared to the hardened mode, the safe mode is still intended to be
+usable in production.
+
+The debug mode, in turn, contains all the checks from the safe mode and
+additionally more expensive checks that may affect the complexity of algorithms.
+The debug mode is intended to be used for testing, not in production.
 
 Vendors can set the default hardening mode by using the
 ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` variable at CMake configuration time. Setting
 ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` to ``hardened`` enables the hardened mode, and
-similarly setting the variable to ``debug`` enables the debug mode. The default
-value is ``unchecked`` which doesn't enable any hardening.
+similarly setting the variable to ``safe`` enables the safe mode, and to
+``debug`` enables the debug mode. The default value is ``unchecked`` which
+doesn't enable any hardening.
 
 When hardening is enabled, the compiled library is built with the corresponding
 mode enabled, **and** user code will be built with the same mode enabled by
 default. If the mode is set to "unchecked" at the CMake configuration time, the
 compiled library will not contain any assertions and the default when building
 user code will be to have assertions disabled. As a user, you can consult your
 vendor to know which level of hardening is enabled by default.
 
 Furthermore, independently of any vendor-selected default, users can always
 control which level of hardening is enabled in their code by defining
-``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=0|1`` (or ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=0|1``)
-before including any libc++ header (we recommend passing
-``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=X`` or ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=X`` to the
-compiler). Note that if the compiled library was built by the vendor in the
-unchecked mode, functions compiled inside the static or shared library won't
-have any hardening enabled even if the user compiles with hardening enabled (the
-same is true for the inverse case where the static or shared library was
-compiled **with** hardening enabled but the user tries to disable it). However,
-most of the code in libc++ is in the headers, so the user-selected value for
-``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE`` or ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`` (if any) will
-usually be respected.
+``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=0|1`` (or ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=0|1``, or
+``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=0|1``) before including any libc++ header (we
+recommend passing ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=X``, etc. to the compiler).
+Note that if the compiled library was built by the vendor in the unchecked mode,
+functions compiled inside the static or shared library won't have any hardening
+enabled even if the user compiles with hardening enabled (the same is true for
+the inverse case where the static or shared library was compiled **with**
+hardening enabled but the user tries to disable it). However, most of the code
+in libc++ is in the headers, so the user-selected value for
+``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED|SAFE|DEBUG_MODE``, if any, will usually be respected.
 
 Enabling hardening has no impact on the ABI.
 
 Iterator bounds checking
 ------------------------
 TODO(hardening)

libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/17.rst

 
 - P0645 - Text Formatting
 - P1652 - Printf corner cases in std::format
 - P1892 - Extended locale-specific presentation specifiers for std::format
 - P1868 - width: clarifying units of width and precision in std::format
 - P2216 - std::format improvements
 - P2418 - Add support for std::generator-like types to std::format
 - P2286R8 - Formatting Ranges
 - P2508R1 - Exposing std::basic-format-string
 
 Improvements and New Features
 -----------------------------
 - ``std::equal``, ``std::ranges::equal``, ``std::find``, and
   ``std::ranges::find``  are now forwarding to ``std::memcmp`` for trivially
   equality comparable types, which can lead up to 40x performance improvements.
 
 - The performance of ``dynamic_cast`` on its hot paths is greatly improved and is as efficient as the
   ``libsupc++`` implementation. Note that the performance improvements are shipped in ``libcxxabi``.
 
 - `D122780 <https://reviews.llvm.org/D122780>`_ Improved the performance of ``std::sort`` and ``std::ranges::sort``
   by up to 50% for arithmetic types and by approximately 10% for other types.
 
 - The ``<format>`` header is no longer considered experimental. Some
   ``std::formatter`` specializations are not yet available since the class used
   in the specialization has not been implemented in libc++. This prevents the
   feature-test macro to be set.
 
 - Platforms that don't have support for a filesystem can now still take advantage of some parts of ``<filesystem>``.
   Anything that does not rely on having an actual filesystem available will now work, such as ``std::filesystem::path``,
   ``std::filesystem::perms`` and similar classes.
 
 - The library now provides a hardened mode under which common cases of library undefined behavior will be turned into
   a reliable program termination. Vendors can configure whether the hardened mode is enabled by default with the
   ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` variable at CMake configuration time. Users can control whether the hardened mode is
   enabled on a per translation unit basis using the ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1`` macro. See
-  ``libcxx/docs/Hardening.rst`` for more details.
+  :ref:`the hardening documentation <using-hardening-modes>` for more details.
 
-- The library now provides a debug mode which is a superset of the hardened mode, additionally enabling more expensive
+- The safe mode is now a part of hardening modes. Vendors can configure whether the safe mode is enabled by default
+  with the ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` variable at CMake configuration time. Users can control whether the safe mode
+  is enabled on a per translation unit basis using the ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=1`` macro. The
+  ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS`` macro that was previously used to enable the safe mode is now deprecated. See
+  :ref:`the hardening documentation <using-hardening-modes>` for more details.
+
+- The library now provides a debug mode which is a superset of the safe mode, additionally enabling more expensive
   checks that are not suitable to be used in production. This replaces the legacy debug mode that was removed in this
   release. Unlike the legacy debug mode, this doesn't affect the ABI and doesn't require locking. Vendors can configure
   whether the debug mode is enabled by default with the ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` variable at CMake configuration time.
   Users can control whether the debug mode is enabled on a per translation unit basis using the
-  ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1`` macro. See ``libcxx/docs/Hardening.rst`` for more details.
+  ``-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1`` macro. See :ref:`the hardening documentation <using-hardening-modes>` for more
+  details.
 
 - ASan container annotations have been extended to cover all allocators in ``std::vector``.
 
 - ASan annotations have been added to the ``std::deque`` container, to detect container overflows.
 
 - On Windows, ``std::wcout``, ``wcin``, and ``wcerr`` now work correctly when the underlying
   stream has been configured in wide mode.
 
 Deprecations and Removals
 -------------------------
 
-- The legacy debug mode has been removed in this release. The ``LIBCXX_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`` CMake variable has been
-  removed. For additional context, refer to the `Discourse post
+- The "safe" mode is now controlled via the new generalized support for hardening. The ``LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS``
+  CMake variable that was used to enable the safe mode is now deprecated and setting it will trigger an error; use the
+  ``LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE`` variable with the value ``safe`` instead. Similarly, the ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS`` macro
+  is deprecated (setting it to ``1`` still enables the safe mode in this release while also issuing a deprecation
+  warning). ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS`` will be removed entirely in the next release and setting it will become an
+  error. See :ref:`the hardening documentation <using-hardening-modes>` for more details.
+
+- The legacy debug mode has been removed in this release. Setting the macro ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`` to ``1`` now
+  enables the new debug mode which is part of hardening (see the "Improvements and New Features" section above). The
+  ``LIBCXX_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`` CMake variable has been removed. For additional context, refer to the `Discourse post
   <https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-removing-the-legacy-debug-mode-from-libc/71026>`_.
 
 - The ``<experimental/coroutine>`` header has been removed in this release. The ``<coroutine>`` header
   has been shipping since LLVM 14, so the Coroutines TS implementation is being removed per our policy
   for removing TSes.
 
 - Several incidental transitive includes have been removed from libc++. Those
   includes are removed based on the language version used. Incidental transitive

libcxx/docs/UsingLibcxx.rst

 safety annotations.
 
 **_LIBCPP_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS**:
   This macro is used to enable -Wthread-safety annotations on libc++'s
   ``std::mutex`` and ``std::lock_guard``. By default, these annotations are
   disabled and must be manually enabled by the user.
 
 **_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE**:
-  This macro is used to enable the :ref:`hardened mode <using-hardened-mode>`.
+  This macro is used to enable the :ref:`hardened mode <using-hardening-modes>`.
+
+**_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE**:
+  This macro is used to enable the :ref:`safe mode <using-hardening-modes>`.
 
 **_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE**:
-  This macro is used to enable the :ref:`debug mode <using-hardened-mode>`.
+  This macro is used to enable the :ref:`debug mode <using-hardening-modes>`.
 
 **_LIBCPP_DISABLE_VISIBILITY_ANNOTATIONS**:
   This macro is used to disable all visibility annotations inside libc++.
   Defining this macro and then building libc++ with hidden visibility gives a
   build of libc++ which does not export any symbols, which can be useful when
   building statically for inclusion into another library.
 
 **_LIBCPP_DISABLE_ADDITIONAL_DIAGNOSTICS**:

libcxx/include/__config

 // #define _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
 
 // } ABI
 
 // HARDENING {
 
 // TODO(hardening): remove this in LLVM 19.
 // This is for backward compatibility -- make enabling `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS` (which predates hardening modes)
-// equivalent to setting the hardened mode.
+// equivalent to setting the safe mode.
 #  ifdef _LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS
-#    warning "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS is deprecated, please use _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE instead."
+#    warning "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS is deprecated, please use _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE instead."
 #    if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS != 0 && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS != 1
 #      error "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS must be set to 0 or 1"
 #    endif
 #    if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS
-#      define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE 1
+#      define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE 1
 #    endif
 #  endif
 
 // Enables the hardened mode which consists of all checks intended to be used in production. Hardened mode prioritizes
 // security-critical checks that can be done with relatively little overhead in constant time. Mutually exclusive with
-// `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`.
+// `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`.
 //
 // #define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE 1
 
+// Enables the safe mode which extends the hardened mode with checks that are relatively cheap and prevent common types
+// of errors but are not security-critical. Mutually exclusive with `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and
+// `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE`.
+//
+// #define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE 1
+
 // Enables the debug mode which contains all the checks from the hardened mode and additionally more expensive checks
 // that may affect the complexity of algorithms. The debug mode is intended to be used for testing, not in production.
-// Mutually exclusive with `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE`.
+// Mutually exclusive with `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE`.
 //
 // #define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE 1
 
 // Inside the library, assertions are categorized so they can be cherry-picked based on the chosen hardening mode. These
 // macros are only for internal use -- users should only pick one of the high-level hardening modes described above.
 //
 // - `_LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE` -- checks that ranges (whether expressed as an iterator pair, an iterator and
 //   a sentinel, an iterator and a count, or a `std::range`) given as input to library functions are valid:

 
 #  ifndef _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE
 #    define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT
 #  endif
 #  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE != 0 && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE != 1
 #    error "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE must be set to 0 or 1."
 #  endif
 
+#  ifndef _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE
+#    define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT
+#  endif
+#  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE != 0 && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE != 1
+#    error "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE must be set to 0 or 1."
+#  endif
+
 #  ifndef _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE
 #    define _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT
 #  endif
 #  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE != 0 && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE != 1
 #    error "_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE must be set to 0 or 1."
 #  endif
 
-#  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE
-#    error "Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled."
+#  if (_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE) ||                                                    \
+      (_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE) ||                                                   \
+      (_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE && _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE)
+#    error                                                                                                             \
+        "Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE, _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled."
 #  endif
 
+// clang-format off
 // Hardened mode checks.
 
-// clang-format off
 #  if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE
 
 // Enabled checks.
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(expression, message)        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(expression, message)     _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
 // Disabled checks.
 // Overlapping ranges will make algorithms produce incorrect results but don't directly lead to a security
 // vulnerability.
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_NON_OVERLAPPING_RANGES(expression, message)   _LIBCPP_ASSUME(expression)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_COMPATIBLE_ALLOCATOR(expression, message)     _LIBCPP_ASSUME(expression)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(expression, message)                 _LIBCPP_ASSUME(expression)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(expression, message)            _LIBCPP_ASSUME(expression)
 
+// Safe mode checks.
+
+#  elif _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE
+
+// Enabled checks.
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(expression, message)        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(expression, message)     _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_NON_OVERLAPPING_RANGES(expression, message)   _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_COMPATIBLE_ALLOCATOR(expression, message)     _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(expression, message)            _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
+// Disabled checks.
+#    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(expression, message)                 _LIBCPP_ASSUME(expression)
+
 // Debug mode checks.
 
 #  elif _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE
 
 // All checks enabled.
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(expression, message)         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(expression, message)      _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)
 #    define _LIBCPP_ASSERT_NON_OVERLAPPING_RANGES(expression, message)    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(expression, message)

libcxx/include/__config_site.in

 
 // PSTL backends
 #cmakedefine _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_SERIAL
 #cmakedefine _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_THREAD
 #cmakedefine _LIBCPP_PSTL_CPU_BACKEND_LIBDISPATCH
 
 // Hardening.
 #cmakedefine01 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE_DEFAULT
+#cmakedefine01 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE_DEFAULT
 #cmakedefine01 _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE_DEFAULT
 
 // __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO gets redefined on MinGW
 #ifdef __clang__
 #  pragma clang diagnostic push
 #  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmacro-redefined"
 #endif
 
 @_LIBCPP_ABI_DEFINES@
 @_LIBCPP_EXTRA_SITE_DEFINES@
 
 #ifdef __clang__
 #  pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
 #endif // _LIBCPP___CONFIG_SITE

libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/alg.sorting/assert.min.max.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // <algorithm>
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug.pass.cpp

 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
 // `check_assertion.h` requires Unix headers.
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE([] {
-    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Should fire");
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Should fire");
   }(), "Should fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can disable the debug mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can disable the debug mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=hardened
+// Other hardening modes would still make the assertions fire (disabling the debug mode doesn't disable e.g. the
+// hardened mode).
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=0
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Also should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Also should not fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_enabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can enable the debug mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can enable the debug mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// Hardened mode would additionally trigger the error that hardened and debug modes are mutually exclusive.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=hardened
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // `check_assertion.h` is only available starting from C++11 and requires Unix headers.
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, !has-unix-headers
 // The ability to set a custom abort message is required to compare the assertion message.
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE([] {
-    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Should fire");
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Should fire");
   }(), "Should fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/debug_mode_not_1_or_0.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // This test verifies that setting the debug mode to a value other than `0` or `1` triggers a compile-time error.
 
-// Hardened mode would additionally trigger the error that hardened and debug modes are mutually exclusive.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=hardened
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=2
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 // expected-error@*:*  {{_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE must be set to 0 or 1.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/enabling_assertions_enables_safe_mode.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // TODO(hardening): remove in LLVM 19.
-// This test ensures that enabling assertions now enables the hardened mode.
+// This test ensures that enabling assertions now enables the safe mode.
 
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // `check_assertion.h` is only available starting from C++11 and requires Unix headers.
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, !has-unix-headers
 // The ability to set a custom abort message is required to compare the assertion message.
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
-// Debug mode is mutually exclusive with hardened mode.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
 // Ignore the warning about `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS` being deprecated.
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-error -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  static_assert(_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE == 1, "Hardened mode should be implicitly enabled");
+  static_assert(_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE == 1, "Safe mode should be implicitly enabled");
 
   _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE([] {
     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Should fire");
   }(), "Should fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/hardened_and_debug_mutually_exclusive.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
 
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 
-// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}
+// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE, _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/hardened_and_safe_mutually_exclusive.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
+// This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
 
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
-// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
-// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
+// UNSUPPORTED: modules-build
+// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 
-// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}
+// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE, _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/hardened_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can disable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can disable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// Other hardening modes would still make the assertions fire (disabling the hardened mode doesn't disable e.g. the
+// debug mode).
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=hardened
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=0
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Also should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Also should not fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/hardened_mode_enabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can enable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can enable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// Debug mode would additionally trigger the error that hardened and debug modes are mutually exclusive.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // `check_assertion.h` is only available starting from C++11.
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
 // `check_assertion.h` requires Unix headers.
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // The ability to set a custom abort message is required to compare the assertion message.
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/hardened_mode_not_1_or_0.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // This test verifies that setting the hardened mode to a value other than `0` or `1` triggers a compile-time error.
 
-// Debug mode would additionally trigger the error that hardened and debug modes are mutually exclusive.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=2
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 // expected-error@*:*  {{_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE must be set to 0 or 1.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/safe.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that assertions trigger without the user having to do anything when the debug mode has been enabled
-// by default.
+// This test ensures that assertions trigger without the user having to do anything when the safe mode has been
+// enabled by default.
 
-// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=safe
 // `check_assertion.h` is only available starting from C++11.
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
 // `check_assertion.h` requires Unix headers.
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
+// XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE([] {
-    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Should fire");
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Should fire");
   }(), "Should fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/safe_and_debug_mutually_exclusive.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
+// This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
 
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
-// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
-// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
+// UNSUPPORTED: modules-build
+// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 
-// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}
+// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE, _LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/safe_mode_disabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can disable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can disable the safe mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
-// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=0
+// Other hardening modes would still make the assertions fire (disabling the safe mode doesn't disable e.g. the debug
+// mode).
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=safe
+// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=0
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Also should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Also should not fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/safe_mode_enabled_in_tu.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test ensures that we can enable the hardened mode on a per-TU basis regardless of how the library was built.
+// This test ensures that we can enable the safe mode on a per-TU basis.
 
-// Debug mode would additionally trigger the error that hardened and debug modes are mutually exclusive.
-// UNSUPPORTED: libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // `check_assertion.h` is only available starting from C++11.
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
 // `check_assertion.h` requires Unix headers.
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // The ability to set a custom abort message is required to compare the assertion message.
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
-// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1
+// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=1
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
   _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE([] {
     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Should fire");
   }(), "Should fire");
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/safe_mode_not_1_or_0.verify.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-// This test verifies that `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` and `_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE` are mutually exclusive.
+// This test verifies that setting the safe mode to a value other than `0` or `1` triggers a compile-time error.
 
+// Other hardening modes would additionally trigger the error that they are mutually exclusive.
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 // Modules build produces a different error ("Could not build module 'std'").
-// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
-// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1 -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1
+// UNSUPPORTED: modules-build
+// ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -Wno-macro-redefined -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=2
 
 #include <cassert>
 
-// expected-error@*:*  {{Only one of _LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE and _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE can be enabled.}}
+// expected-error@*:*  {{_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE must be set to 0 or 1.}}

libcxx/test/libcxx/assertions/modes/unchecked.pass.cpp

 // REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode=unchecked
 
 #include <cassert>
 
 bool executed_condition = false;
 bool f() { executed_condition = true; return false; }
 
 int main(int, char**) {
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(true, "Should not fire");
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "Also should not fire");
-  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(f(), "Should not execute anything");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(true, "Should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(false, "Also should not fire");
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(f(), "Should not execute anything");
   assert(!executed_condition); // Really make sure we did not execute anything.
 
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.map/assert.bucket.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // <unordered_map>
 
 // size_type bucket(const key_type& __k) const;
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_map<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket(3), "unordered container::bucket(key) called when bucket_count() == 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.map/assert.bucket_size.pass.cpp

 // template <class Key, class T, class Hash = hash<Key>, class Pred = equal_to<Key>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<pair<const Key, T>>>
 // class unordered_map
 
 // size_type bucket_size(size_type n) const
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_map<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket_size(3), "unordered container::bucket_size(n) called with n >= bucket_count()");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.map/assert.max_load_factor.pass.cpp

 //           class Alloc = allocator<pair<const Key, T>>>
 // class unordered_map
 
 // float max_load_factor() const;
 // void max_load_factor(float mlf);
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_map<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.max_load_factor(0), "unordered container::max_load_factor(lf) called with lf <= 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multimap/assert.bucket.pass.cpp

 // template <class Key, class T, class Hash = hash<Key>, class Pred = equal_to<Key>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<pair<const Key, T>>>
 // class unordered_multimap
 
 // size_type bucket(const key_type& __k) const;
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multimap<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket(3), "unordered container::bucket(key) called when bucket_count() == 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multimap/assert.bucket_size.pass.cpp

 // template <class Key, class T, class Hash = hash<Key>, class Pred = equal_to<Key>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<pair<const Key, T>>>
 // class unordered_multimap
 
 // size_type bucket_size(size_type n) const
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multimap<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket_size(3), "unordered container::bucket_size(n) called with n >= bucket_count()");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multimap/assert.max_load_factor.pass.cpp

 //           class Alloc = allocator<pair<const Key, T>>>
 // class unordered_multimap
 
 // float max_load_factor() const;
 // void max_load_factor(float mlf);
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multimap<int, std::string> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.max_load_factor(0), "unordered container::max_load_factor(lf) called with lf <= 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multiset/assert.bucket.pass.cpp

 // template <class Value, class Hash = hash<Value>, class Pred = equal_to<Value>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_multiset
 
 // size_type bucket(const key_type& __k) const;
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multiset<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket(3), "unordered container::bucket(key) called when bucket_count() == 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multiset/assert.bucket_size.pass.cpp

 // template <class Value, class Hash = hash<Value>, class Pred = equal_to<Value>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_multiset
 
 // size_type bucket_size(size_type n) const
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multiset<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket_size(3), "unordered container::bucket_size(n) called with n >= bucket_count()");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.multiset/assert.max_load_factor.pass.cpp

 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_multiset
 
 // float max_load_factor() const;
 // void max_load_factor(float mlf);
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_multiset<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.max_load_factor(0), "unordered container::max_load_factor(lf) called with lf <= 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.set/assert.bucket.pass.cpp

 // template <class Value, class Hash = hash<Value>, class Pred = equal_to<Value>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_set
 
 // size_type bucket(const key_type& __k) const;
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_set<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket(3), "unordered container::bucket(key) called when bucket_count() == 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.set/assert.bucket_size.pass.cpp

 // template <class Value, class Hash = hash<Value>, class Pred = equal_to<Value>,
 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_set
 
 // size_type bucket_size(size_type n) const
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_set<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.bucket_size(3), "unordered container::bucket_size(n) called with n >= bucket_count()");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/unord/unord.set/assert.max_load_factor.pass.cpp

 //           class Alloc = allocator<Value>>
 // class unordered_set
 
 // float max_load_factor() const;
 // void max_load_factor(float mlf);
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     typedef std::unordered_set<int> C;
     C c;
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(c.max_load_factor(-0.5f),
                                "unordered container::max_load_factor(lf) called with lf <= 0");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/views/mdspan/layout_left/assert.index_operator.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <mdspan>
 
 // template<class... Indices>
 //   constexpr index_type operator()(Indices... i) const noexcept;
 //
 // Constraints:

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/views/mdspan/layout_right/assert.index_operator.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <mdspan>
 
 // template<class... Indices>
 //   constexpr index_type operator()(Indices... i) const noexcept;
 //
 // Constraints:

libcxx/test/libcxx/containers/views/mdspan/mdspan/assert.size.pass.cpp

 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <mdspan>
 
 // constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
 //
 // Preconditions: The size of the multidimensional index space extents() is representable as a value of type size_type ([basic.fundamental]).
 //

libcxx/test/libcxx/experimental/memory/memory.polymorphic.allocator.class/memory.polymorphic.allocator.mem/assert.deallocate.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // <experimental/memory_resource>
 
 // template <class T> class polymorphic_allocator
 
 // T* polymorphic_allocator<T>::deallocate(T*, size_t size)
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -D_LIBCPP_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
 
 #include <experimental/memory_resource>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <cassert>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"

libcxx/test/libcxx/experimental/memory/memory.resource.adaptor/memory.resource.adaptor.mem/assert.deallocate.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // <experimental/memory_resource>
 
 // template <class T> class polymorphic_allocator
 
 // T* polymorphic_allocator<T>::deallocate(T*, size_t size)
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -D_LIBCPP_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
 
 #include <experimental/memory_resource>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <cassert>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"

libcxx/test/libcxx/iterators/assert.advance.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <list>
 
 // Call advance(non-bidi iterator, -1)
 
 #include <iterator>
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/iterators/assert.next.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <list>
 
 // Call next(non-bidi iterator, -1)
 
 #include <iterator>
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/iterators/assert.prev.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <list>
 
 // Call prev(forward_iterator, -1)
 
 #include <iterator>
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/ranges/range.adaptors/range.drop.while/assert.begin.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // <ranges>
 
 // Call begin() on drop_while_view with empty predicate
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
 // UNSUPPORTED: no-exceptions
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <ranges>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 struct Exception {};
 struct ThrowOnCopyPred {

libcxx/test/libcxx/ranges/range.adaptors/range.lazy.split/range.lazy.split.inner/assert.equal.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <ranges>
 
 // friend constexpr bool operator==(const inner-iterator& x, default_sentinel_t);
 //
 // Can't compare a default-constructed `inner-iterator` with the default sentinel.
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/ranges/range.adaptors/range.lazy.split/range.lazy.split.outer/assert.equal.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <ranges>
 
 // friend constexpr bool operator==(const inner-iterator& x, default_sentinel_t);
 //
 // Can't compare a default-constructed `inner-iterator` with the default sentinel.
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/ranges/range.factories/range.repeat.view/ctor.piecewise.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // template<class... TArgs, class... BoundArgs>
 //       requires constructible_from<T, TArgs...> &&
 //                constructible_from<Bound, BoundArgs...>
 //     constexpr explicit repeat_view(piecewise_construct_t,
 //       tuple<TArgs...> value_args, tuple<BoundArgs...> bound_args = tuple<>{});

libcxx/test/libcxx/ranges/range.factories/range.repeat.view/ctor.value.bound.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // constexpr explicit repeat_view(W&& value, Bound bound = Bound());
 // constexpr explicit repeat_view(const W& value, Bound bound = Bound());
 
 #include <ranges>
 

libcxx/test/libcxx/strings/string.view/assert.ctor.length.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
-
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // Construct a string_view from an invalid length
 // constexpr basic_string_view( const _CharT* s, size_type len )
 
 #include <string_view>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
   char c = 0;
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(
       std::string_view(&c, -1), "string_view::string_view(_CharT *, size_t): length does not fit in difference_type");
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/libcxx/strings/string.view/assert.ctor.pointer.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // Construct a string_view from a null pointer
 // constexpr basic_string_view( const CharT* s );
 
 #include <string_view>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/futures/futures.promise/assert.set_exception.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, no-threads
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <future>
 
 // class promise<R>
 
 // void set_exception(exception_ptr p);
 // Test that a null exception_ptr is diagnosed.

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/futures/futures.promise/assert.set_exception_at_thread_exit.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, no-threads
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <future>
 
 // class promise<R>
 
 // void set_exception_on_thread_exit(exception_ptr p);
 // Test that a null exception_ptr is diagnosed.

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.barrier/assert.arrive.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // UNSUPPORTED: no-threads
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 
 // <barrier>
 
 // class barrier;

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.barrier/assert.ctor.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // UNSUPPORTED: no-threads
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 
 // <barrier>
 
 // class barrier;

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.latch/assert.arrive_and_wait.pass.cpp

 
 // class latch;
 
 // void arrive_and_wait(ptrdiff_t __update = 1);
 
 // Make sure that calling arrive_and_wait with a negative value triggers an assertion.
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <latch>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char **) {
   {

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.latch/assert.count_down.pass.cpp

 // class latch;
 
 // void count_down(ptrdiff_t __update = 1);
 
 // Make sure that calling count_down with a negative value or a value
 // higher than the internal counter triggers an assertion.
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <latch>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char **) {
   {

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.latch/assert.ctor.pass.cpp

 
 // class latch;
 
 // constexpr explicit latch(ptrdiff_t __expected);
 
 // Make sure that calling latch with a negative value triggers an assertion
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 #include <latch>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char **) {
   {

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.semaphore/assert.ctor.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // UNSUPPORTED: no-threads
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 
 // <semaphore>
 
 // constexpr explicit counting_semaphore(ptrdiff_t __count);

libcxx/test/libcxx/thread/thread.semaphore/assert.release.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // UNSUPPORTED: no-threads
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 
 // <semaphore>
 
 // void release(ptrdiff_t __update = 1);

libcxx/test/libcxx/utilities/assert.exception_guard.no_exceptions.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 // ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS: -fno-exceptions
 
 #include <__utility/exception_guard.h>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
   TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(
       std::__make_exception_guard([] {}), "__exception_guard not completed with exceptions disabled");
 }

libcxx/test/std/algorithms/alg.sorting/alg.heap.operations/pop.heap/assert.pop_heap.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <algorithm>
 
 // Calling `pop_heap` on an empty range is invalid.
 
 #include <algorithm>
 

libcxx/test/std/algorithms/alg.sorting/alg.heap.operations/pop.heap/assert.ranges_pop_heap.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <algorithm>
 
 // Calling `ranges::pop_heap` on an empty range is invalid.
 
 #include <algorithm>
 

libcxx/test/std/algorithms/alg.sorting/alg.clamp/assert.ranges_clamp.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // <algorithm>
 
 // In a call to `ranges::clamp(val, low, high)`, `low` must be `<= high`.
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>

libcxx/test/std/utilities/utility/utility.unreachable/assert.unreachable.pass.cpp

 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 // REQUIRES: has-unix-headers
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
-// UNSUPPORTED: !libcpp-hardening-mode=debug
+// REQUIRES: libcpp-hardening-mode={{safe|debug}}
 // XFAIL: availability-verbose_abort-missing
 
 // Make sure that reaching std::unreachable() with assertions enabled triggers an assertion.
 
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "check_assertion.h"
 
 int main(int, char**) {
     TEST_LIBCPP_ASSERT_FAILURE(std::unreachable(), "std::unreachable() was reached");
 
     return 0;
 }

libcxx/utils/ci/buildkite-pipeline.yml

agents:
       queue: "libcxx-builders"
       os: "linux"
     retry:
       automatic:
         - exit_status: -1  # Agent was lost
           limit: 2
     timeout_in_minutes: 120
 
+  - label: "Safe mode"
+    command: "libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot generic-safe-mode"
+    artifact_paths:
+      - "**/test-results.xml"
+      - "**/*.abilist"
+    env:
+        CC: "clang-${LLVM_HEAD_VERSION}"
+        CXX: "clang++-${LLVM_HEAD_VERSION}"
+        ENABLE_CLANG_TIDY: "On"
+    agents:
+      queue: "libcxx-builders"
+      os: "linux"
+    retry:
+      automatic:
+        - exit_status: -1  # Agent was lost
+          limit: 2
+    timeout_in_minutes: 120
+
   - label: "Debug mode"
     command: "libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot generic-debug-mode"
     artifact_paths:
       - "**/test-results.xml"
       - "**/*.abilist"
     env:
         CC: "clang-${LLVM_HEAD_VERSION}"
         CXX: "clang++-${LLVM_HEAD_VERSION}"

libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot

generic-merged)
     check-runtimes
 ;;
 generic-hardened-mode)
     clean
     generate-cmake -C "${MONOREPO_ROOT}/libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-hardened-mode.cmake"
     check-runtimes
     check-abi-list
 ;;
+generic-safe-mode)
+    clean
+    generate-cmake -C "${MONOREPO_ROOT}/libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-safe-mode.cmake"
+    check-runtimes
+    check-abi-list
+;;
 generic-debug-mode)
     clean
     generate-cmake -C "${MONOREPO_ROOT}/libcxx/cmake/caches/Generic-debug-mode.cmake"
     check-runtimes
     check-abi-list
 ;;
 generic-with_llvm_unwinder)
     clean

libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/params.py

Parameter(
         choices=[True, False],
         type=bool,
         default=True,
         help="Whether to enable tests that take longer to run. This can be useful when running on a very slow device.",
         actions=lambda enabled: [] if not enabled else [AddFeature("long_tests")],
     ),
     Parameter(
         name="hardening_mode",
-        choices=["unchecked", "hardened", "debug"],
+        choices=["unchecked", "hardened", "safe", "debug"],
         type=str,
         default="unchecked",
-        help="Whether to enable the hardened mode or the debug mode when compiling the test suite. This is only "
+        help="Whether to enable one of the hardening modes when compiling the test suite. This is only "
         "meaningful when running the tests against libc++.",
         actions=lambda hardening_mode: filter(
             None,
             [
                 AddCompileFlag("-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE=1") if hardening_mode == "hardened" else None,
+                AddCompileFlag("-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE=1")     if hardening_mode == "safe" else None,
                 AddCompileFlag("-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE=1")    if hardening_mode == "debug" else None,
                 AddFeature("libcpp-hardening-mode={}".format(hardening_mode)),
             ],
         ),
     ),
     Parameter(
         name="additional_features",
         type=list,
         default=[],