Replace most uses of _LIBCPP_ASSERT with
_LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED.
This is done as a prerequisite to introducing hardened mode to libc++.
The idea is to make enabling assertions an opt-in with (somewhat)
fine-grained controls over which categories of assertions are enabled.
The vast majority of assertions are currently uncategorized; the new
macro will allow turning on _LIBCPP_ASSERT (the underlying mechanism
for all kinds of assertions) without enabling all the uncategorized
assertions (in the future; this patch preserves the current behavior).