[PGO] Refactor Value Profiling into a plugin based oracle and create a well defined API for the plugins.

[w2yehia]

Summary

This PR creates a utility class called ValueProfileOracle that tells PGOInstrumentationGen and PGOInstrumentationUse what to value-profile and where to attach the profile metadata.
It then refactors logic scattered in PGOInstrumentation.cpp into two plugins that plug into the ValueProfileOracle.

[tejohnson]

In general, I like the cleanup of extracting out the value profiling handling into a uniform API. I'm not convinced it needs something as complex as the plugin interface though, as opposed to a wrapper class that has an instance of each type and invokes the appropriate run() command given the requested profile type. Although perhaps there isn't a big downside of doing it that way either, not sure of the overhead of the resulting template instantiation.

Comment below about naming conventions.

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileOracle.cpp

35

LLVM coding conventions don't use underscores: https://llvm.org/docs/CodingStandards.html#name-types-functions-variables-and-enumerators-properly

[w2yehia]

Changed 'VPOPluginChain_t' to 'VPOPluginChainFinal` based on Teresa's comment.

[davidxl]

This generally looks good, but I suggest changing the name of ValueProfileOracle to ValueProfileCollector to make it explicit.

[w2yehia]

I enclosed the VPOPluginChain template class in an unnamed namespace so that all instantiated member functions (and constructors) get internal linkage rather than external weak, which will hopefully give more reason to inline them and eliminate their definitions. Thanks to Hubert Tong for this suggestion.

This did not make a difference to the symbol export list inside the clang executable or inside the shared library (libLLVMInstrumentation.so.10svn) that contains ValueProfileOracle.cpp, because the build compiler (clang 8.0) I'm using was able to inline all VPOPluginChain member functions and eliminate their defs.

[w2yehia]

Renamed ValueProfileOracle to ValueProfileCollector. I agree that at the moment, this utility class has a single purpose and that's to collect value profiling candidates; so the new name makes sense.

[tejohnson]

One more minor nit about naming conventions. Otherwise it looks ok to me, but wait for David to sign off.

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileCollector.cpp

47 ↗

(On Diff #222219)

No underscore

[w2yehia]

1. Renamed Plugin_t to PluginT, and checked that no other type name has an underscore.
2. Renamed VPCPluginChain to PluginChain

[davidxl]

lgtm, but please wait to see if xur@ has more comments.

[w2yehia]

Teresa and David, thanks for reviewing.
Rong Xu, I'll wait for your approval.

[xur]

Sorry it takes long to review this.
I have a pending patch that value profiling the expensive MOD/REM instructions. It is more tightly coupled to edge profile (than current mem-size-op and icall value profile).
The difference is that it does not have <valuesite, value> pair. The counts are stored like the edge counts.
It seems to be fine with patch as the instrumentation says in PGOInstrumenation.cpp and only the candidate collecting is extracted out.

Overall, I'm fine with this refactor/improvement.

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileCollector.h

49 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

Sorry, I don't follow this paragraph. What is 'total" here, the BB count for "if ...", or the total count for memcpy"?

We do need a match for the time of instrumentation and use.

58 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

For value profile, we usually find the target instruction and instrument right before it. The annotation will be on that instruction.
So here InsertPT and AnnotatedInstr should be always the same.
I don't think of a need to differentiating this two.

[w2yehia]

Thanks Rong.
Let me know what you think.

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileCollector.h

49 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

Here I'm trying to demonstrate to the reader that at different points in a user program the value profile info that can be potentially collected for a particular expression are not the same.
I'm using the term 'total' in the same sense as the 3rd operand (also called "total" I think) of a value profile metadata node.
So, total=100 is the total number of data points (i.e. values) that nn took when measured at the beginning of the function foo;
and total=15 is the total number of data pointer that nn took when measured right before executing the memcpy (so inside the if branch).

I understand that the IR has to match at the time of instrumentation and the time of use.

58 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

It is true that for the current two plugins (memop and ICP) the Insertion point and Annotated Instruction are the same.
But for something like loop trip count profiling (something we're experimenting with), we found it necessary to have separate instruction pointers.
To be more exact, the loop trip count value profile MD gets stored on the branch instruction of the loop latch block, but the insertion point is somewhere in the loop pre-header.

[xur]

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileCollector.h

49 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

OK. The profiled value should reflect the value being profiled (the InsertPt instruction).
The user should be responsible for that. For that case, if one instruments memcpy(...) , they should get total=15 etc.
If they instrument "if (b)", they should get total=100.

The use part should know do different things based on what is instrumented. I think you really meant something like
"Value profiling an expression means to track the values that this expression

takes at runtime and the frequency of each value at the instrumented instructions"

58 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

OK. But in theory, the collect does not need to know the annotaedInstr as it will not be used in instrumentation. Right?

[w2yehia]

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileCollector.h

49 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

Yes. the "at the instrumented instructions" addition is necessary to make the statement more precise.
Actually, I wrote this whole paragraph to point out a subtle point that I missed myself when working on value profiling, and that is the program location where the value of an expression is recorded matters.

58 ↗

(On Diff #222227)

I assume you are talking about the ValueProfileCollector when you say "the collect".
The ValueProfileCollector is used in both the PGOInstrumentationGen and PGOInstrumentationUse phases.
However, it is true that only the Value *V and Instruction *InsertPt fields are used in the PGOInstrumentationGen phase, while only the Instruction *AnnotatedInstr field is used in the PGOInstrumentationUse phase.

The reason all three members are in one struct rather than in two structs (one for each phase) is that it was natural to generate all pieces of information about a particular candidate in one place in the code, and then have each phase use what it needs from it.

[xur]

LGTM.

Thanks for improving this.

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/CMakeLists.txt

 add_llvm_library(LLVMInstrumentation
   AddressSanitizer.cpp
   BoundsChecking.cpp
   CGProfile.cpp
   ControlHeightReduction.cpp
   DataFlowSanitizer.cpp
   GCOVProfiling.cpp
   MemorySanitizer.cpp
   IndirectCallPromotion.cpp
   Instrumentation.cpp
   InstrOrderFile.cpp
   InstrProfiling.cpp
   PGOInstrumentation.cpp
   PGOMemOPSizeOpt.cpp
   PoisonChecking.cpp
   SanitizerCoverage.cpp
+  ValueProfileOracle.cpp
   ThreadSanitizer.cpp
   HWAddressSanitizer.cpp
 
   ADDITIONAL_HEADER_DIRS
   ${LLVM_MAIN_INCLUDE_DIR}/llvm/Transforms
 
   DEPENDS
   intrinsics_gen
   )

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/PGOInstrumentation.cpp

 // in pass PGOInstrumentationGen. Class PGOUseEdge and UseBBInfo are the derived
 // class of PGOEdge and BBInfo, respectively. They contains extra data structure
 // used in populating profile counters.
 // The MST implementation is in Class CFGMST (CFGMST.h).
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "CFGMST.h"
+#include "ValueProfileOracle.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Triple.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/iterator.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/iterator_range.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/BlockFrequencyInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/BranchProbabilityInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/CFG.h"
-#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallVisitor.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/Attributes.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/CallSite.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/Comdat.h"

 #include <numeric>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 using namespace llvm;
 using ProfileCount = Function::ProfileCount;
+using VPCandidateInfo = ValueProfileOracle::CandidateInfo;
 
 #define DEBUG_TYPE "pgo-instrumentation"
 
 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOInstrument, "Number of edges instrumented.");
 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOSelectInsts, "Number of select instruction instrumented.");
 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOMemIntrinsics, "Number of mem intrinsics instrumented.");
 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOEdge, "Number of edges.");
 STATISTIC(NumOfPGOBB, "Number of basic-blocks.");
else if (CV->isMinusOne())
       OS << "_MinusOne";
     else
       OS << "_Const";
   }
   OS.flush();
   return result;
 }
 
+static const char *ValueProfKindDescr[] = {
+#define VALUE_PROF_KIND(Enumerator, Value, Descr) Descr,
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfData.inc"
+};
+
 namespace {
 
 /// The select instruction visitor plays three roles specified
 /// by the mode. In \c VM_counting mode, it simply counts the number of
 /// select instructions. In \c VM_instrument mode, it inserts code to count
 /// the number times TrueValue of select is taken. In \c VM_annotate mode,
 /// it reads the profile data and annotate the select instruction with metadata.
 enum VisitMode { VM_counting, VM_instrument, VM_annotate };
struct SelectInstVisitor : public InstVisitor<SelectInstVisitor> {
   // Visit \p SI instruction and perform tasks according to visit mode.
   void visitSelectInst(SelectInst &SI);
 
   // Return the number of select instructions. This needs be called after
   // countSelects().
   unsigned getNumOfSelectInsts() const { return NSIs; }
 };
 
-/// Instruction Visitor class to visit memory intrinsic calls.
-struct MemIntrinsicVisitor : public InstVisitor<MemIntrinsicVisitor> {
-  Function &F;
-  unsigned NMemIs = 0;          // Number of memIntrinsics instrumented.
-  VisitMode Mode = VM_counting; // Visiting mode.
-  unsigned CurCtrId = 0;        // Current counter index.
-  unsigned TotalNumCtrs = 0;    // Total number of counters
-  GlobalVariable *FuncNameVar = nullptr;
-  uint64_t FuncHash = 0;
-  PGOUseFunc *UseFunc = nullptr;
-  std::vector<Instruction *> Candidates;
-
-  MemIntrinsicVisitor(Function &Func) : F(Func) {}
-
-  void countMemIntrinsics(Function &Func) {
-    NMemIs = 0;
-    Mode = VM_counting;
-    visit(Func);
-  }
-
-  void instrumentMemIntrinsics(Function &Func, unsigned TotalNC,
-                               GlobalVariable *FNV, uint64_t FHash) {
-    Mode = VM_instrument;
-    TotalNumCtrs = TotalNC;
-    FuncHash = FHash;
-    FuncNameVar = FNV;
-    visit(Func);
-  }
-
-  std::vector<Instruction *> findMemIntrinsics(Function &Func) {
-    Candidates.clear();
-    Mode = VM_annotate;
-    visit(Func);
-    return Candidates;
-  }
-
-  // Visit the IR stream and annotate all mem intrinsic call instructions.
-  void instrumentOneMemIntrinsic(MemIntrinsic &MI);
-
-  // Visit \p MI instruction and perform tasks according to visit mode.
-  void visitMemIntrinsic(MemIntrinsic &SI);
-
-  unsigned getNumOfMemIntrinsics() const { return NMemIs; }
-};
 
 class PGOInstrumentationGenLegacyPass : public ModulePass {
 public:
   static char ID;
 
   PGOInstrumentationGenLegacyPass(bool IsCS = false)
       : ModulePass(ID), IsCS(IsCS) {
     initializePGOInstrumentationGenLegacyPassPass(
private:
   Function &F;
 
   // Is this is context-sensitive instrumentation.
   bool IsCS;
 
   // A map that stores the Comdat group in function F.
   std::unordered_multimap<Comdat *, GlobalValue *> &ComdatMembers;
 
+  ValueProfileOracle VPO;
+
   void computeCFGHash();
   void renameComdatFunction();
 
 public:
-  std::vector<std::vector<Instruction *>> ValueSites;
+  std::vector<std::vector<VPCandidateInfo>> ValueSites;
   SelectInstVisitor SIVisitor;
-  MemIntrinsicVisitor MIVisitor;
   std::string FuncName;
   GlobalVariable *FuncNameVar;
 
   // CFG hash value for this function.
   uint64_t FunctionHash = 0;
 
   // The Minimum Spanning Tree of function CFG.
   CFGMST<Edge, BBInfo> MST;
MST.dumpEdges(dbgs(), Twine("Dump Function ") + FuncName + " Hash: " +
                               Twine(FunctionHash) + "\t" + Str);
   }
 
   FuncPGOInstrumentation(
       Function &Func,
       std::unordered_multimap<Comdat *, GlobalValue *> &ComdatMembers,
       bool CreateGlobalVar = false, BranchProbabilityInfo *BPI = nullptr,
       BlockFrequencyInfo *BFI = nullptr, bool IsCS = false)
-      : F(Func), IsCS(IsCS), ComdatMembers(ComdatMembers),
-        ValueSites(IPVK_Last + 1), SIVisitor(Func), MIVisitor(Func),
-        MST(F, BPI, BFI) {
+      : F(Func), IsCS(IsCS), ComdatMembers(ComdatMembers), VPO(Func),
+        ValueSites(IPVK_Last + 1), SIVisitor(Func), MST(F, BPI, BFI) {
     // This should be done before CFG hash computation.
     SIVisitor.countSelects(Func);
-    MIVisitor.countMemIntrinsics(Func);
+    ValueSites[IPVK_MemOPSize] = VPO.get(IPVK_MemOPSize);
     if (!IsCS) {
       NumOfPGOSelectInsts += SIVisitor.getNumOfSelectInsts();
-      NumOfPGOMemIntrinsics += MIVisitor.getNumOfMemIntrinsics();
+      NumOfPGOMemIntrinsics += ValueSites[IPVK_MemOPSize].size();
       NumOfPGOBB += MST.BBInfos.size();
-      ValueSites[IPVK_IndirectCallTarget] = findIndirectCalls(Func);
+      ValueSites[IPVK_IndirectCallTarget] = VPO.get(IPVK_IndirectCallTarget);
     } else {
       NumOfCSPGOSelectInsts += SIVisitor.getNumOfSelectInsts();
-      NumOfCSPGOMemIntrinsics += MIVisitor.getNumOfMemIntrinsics();
+      NumOfCSPGOMemIntrinsics += ValueSites[IPVK_MemOPSize].size();
       NumOfCSPGOBB += MST.BBInfos.size();
     }
-    ValueSites[IPVK_MemOPSize] = MIVisitor.findMemIntrinsics(Func);
 
     FuncName = getPGOFuncName(F);
     computeCFGHash();
     if (!ComdatMembers.empty())
       renameComdatFunction();
     LLVM_DEBUG(dumpInfo("after CFGMST"));
 
     for (auto &E : MST.AllEdges) {
static void instrumentOneFunc(
   // Now instrument select instructions:
   FuncInfo.SIVisitor.instrumentSelects(F, &I, NumCounters, FuncInfo.FuncNameVar,
                                        FuncInfo.FunctionHash);
   assert(I == NumCounters);
 
   if (DisableValueProfiling)
     return;
 
-  unsigned NumIndirectCalls = 0;
-  for (auto &I : FuncInfo.ValueSites[IPVK_IndirectCallTarget]) {
-    CallSite CS(I);
-    Value *Callee = CS.getCalledValue();
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Instrument one indirect call: CallSite Index = "
-                      << NumIndirectCalls << "\n");
-    IRBuilder<> Builder(I);
-    assert(Builder.GetInsertPoint() != I->getParent()->end() &&
+  NumOfPGOICall += FuncInfo.ValueSites[IPVK_IndirectCallTarget].size();
+
+  // For each VP Kind, walk the VP candidates and instrument each one.
+  for (uint32_t Kind = IPVK_First; Kind <= IPVK_Last; ++Kind) {
+    unsigned SiteIndex = 0;
+    if (Kind == IPVK_MemOPSize && !PGOInstrMemOP)
+      continue;
+
+    for (VPCandidateInfo Cand : FuncInfo.ValueSites[Kind]) {
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Instrument one VP " << ValueProfKindDescr[Kind]
+                        << " site: CallSite Index = " << SiteIndex << "\n");
+
+      IRBuilder<> Builder(Cand.InsertPt);
+      assert(Builder.GetInsertPoint() != Cand.InsertPt->getParent()->end() &&
              "Cannot get the Instrumentation point");
+
+      Value *ToProfile = nullptr;
+      if (Cand.V->getType()->isIntegerTy())
+        ToProfile = Builder.CreateZExtOrTrunc(Cand.V, Builder.getInt64Ty());
+      else if (Cand.V->getType()->isPointerTy())
+        ToProfile = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Cand.V, Builder.getInt64Ty());
+      assert(ToProfile && "value profiling Value is of unexpected type");
+
       Builder.CreateCall(
           Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M, Intrinsic::instrprof_value_profile),
           {ConstantExpr::getBitCast(FuncInfo.FuncNameVar, I8PtrTy),
-         Builder.getInt64(FuncInfo.FunctionHash),
-         Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Callee, Builder.getInt64Ty()),
-         Builder.getInt32(IPVK_IndirectCallTarget),
-         Builder.getInt32(NumIndirectCalls++)});
-  }
-  NumOfPGOICall += NumIndirectCalls;
-
-  // Now instrument memop intrinsic calls.
-  FuncInfo.MIVisitor.instrumentMemIntrinsics(
-      F, NumCounters, FuncInfo.FuncNameVar, FuncInfo.FunctionHash);
+           Builder.getInt64(FuncInfo.FunctionHash), ToProfile,
+           Builder.getInt32(Kind), Builder.getInt32(SiteIndex++)});
+    }
+  } // IPVK_First <= Kind <= IPVK_Last
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 // This class represents a CFG edge in profile use compilation.
 struct PGOUseEdge : public PGOEdge {
   bool CountValid = false;
   uint64_t CountValue = 0;
void SelectInstVisitor::visitSelectInst(SelectInst &SI) {
   case VM_annotate:
     annotateOneSelectInst(SI);
     return;
   }
 
   llvm_unreachable("Unknown visiting mode");
 }
 
-void MemIntrinsicVisitor::instrumentOneMemIntrinsic(MemIntrinsic &MI) {
-  Module *M = F.getParent();
-  IRBuilder<> Builder(&MI);
-  Type *Int64Ty = Builder.getInt64Ty();
-  Type *I8PtrTy = Builder.getInt8PtrTy();
-  Value *Length = MI.getLength();
-  assert(!isa<ConstantInt>(Length));
-  Builder.CreateCall(
-      Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M, Intrinsic::instrprof_value_profile),
-      {ConstantExpr::getBitCast(FuncNameVar, I8PtrTy),
-       Builder.getInt64(FuncHash), Builder.CreateZExtOrTrunc(Length, Int64Ty),
-       Builder.getInt32(IPVK_MemOPSize), Builder.getInt32(CurCtrId)});
-  ++CurCtrId;
-}
-
-void MemIntrinsicVisitor::visitMemIntrinsic(MemIntrinsic &MI) {
-  if (!PGOInstrMemOP)
-    return;
-  Value *Length = MI.getLength();
-  // Not instrument constant length calls.
-  if (dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Length))
-    return;
-
-  switch (Mode) {
-  case VM_counting:
-    NMemIs++;
-    return;
-  case VM_instrument:
-    instrumentOneMemIntrinsic(MI);
-    return;
-  case VM_annotate:
-    Candidates.push_back(&MI);
-    return;
-  }
-  llvm_unreachable("Unknown visiting mode");
-}
-
 // Traverse all valuesites and annotate the instructions for all value kind.
 void PGOUseFunc::annotateValueSites() {
   if (DisableValueProfiling)
     return;
 
   // Create the PGOFuncName meta data.
   createPGOFuncNameMetadata(F, FuncInfo.FuncName);
 
   for (uint32_t Kind = IPVK_First; Kind <= IPVK_Last; ++Kind)
     annotateValueSites(Kind);
 }
 
-static const char *ValueProfKindDescr[] = {
-#define VALUE_PROF_KIND(Enumerator, Value, Descr) Descr,
-#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfData.inc"
-};
-
 // Annotate the instructions for a specific value kind.
 void PGOUseFunc::annotateValueSites(uint32_t Kind) {
   assert(Kind <= IPVK_Last);
   unsigned ValueSiteIndex = 0;
   auto &ValueSites = FuncInfo.ValueSites[Kind];
   unsigned NumValueSites = ProfileRecord.getNumValueSites(Kind);
   if (NumValueSites != ValueSites.size()) {
     auto &Ctx = M->getContext();
     Ctx.diagnose(DiagnosticInfoPGOProfile(
         M->getName().data(),
         Twine("Inconsistent number of value sites for ") +
             Twine(ValueProfKindDescr[Kind]) +
             Twine(" profiling in \"") + F.getName().str() +
             Twine("\", possibly due to the use of a stale profile."),
         DS_Warning));
     return;
   }
 
-  for (auto &I : ValueSites) {
+  for (VPCandidateInfo &I : ValueSites) {
     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Read one value site profile (kind = " << Kind
                       << "): Index = " << ValueSiteIndex << " out of "
                       << NumValueSites << "\n");
-    annotateValueSite(*M, *I, ProfileRecord,
+    annotateValueSite(*M, *I.AnnotatedInst, ProfileRecord,
                       static_cast<InstrProfValueKind>(Kind), ValueSiteIndex,
                       Kind == IPVK_MemOPSize ? MaxNumMemOPAnnotations
                                              : MaxNumAnnotations);
     ValueSiteIndex++;
   }
 }
 
 // Collect the set of members for each Comdat in module M and store

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileOracle.h

+//===- ValueProfileOracle.h - determine what to value profile -------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file contains a utility class, ValueProfileOracle, that is used to
+// determine what kind of llvm::Value's are worth value-profiling, at which
+// point in the program, and which instruction holds the Value Profile metadata.
+// Currently, the only users of this utility is the PGOInstrumentation[Gen|Use]
+// passes.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_ANALYSIS_PROFILE_GEN_ANALYSIS_H
+#define LLVM_ANALYSIS_PROFILE_GEN_ANALYSIS_H
+
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/Pass.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProf.h"
+
+namespace llvm {
+
+/// Utility analysis that determines what values are worth profiling.
+/// The actual logic is inside the ValueProfileOracleImpl, whose job is to
+/// populate the Candidates vector.
+///
+/// Value profiling an expression means to track the values that this expression
+/// takes at runtime and the frequency of each value.
+/// It is important to distinguish between two sets of value profiles for a
+/// particular expression:
+///  1) The set of values at the point of evaluation.
+///  2) The set of values at the point of use.
+/// In some cases, the two sets are identical, but it's not unusual for the two
+/// to differ.
+///
+/// To elaborate more, consider this C code, and focus on the expression `nn`:
+///  void foo(int nn, bool b) {
+///    if (b)  memcpy(x, y, nn);
+///  }
+/// The point of evaluation can be as early as the start of the function, and
+/// let's say the value profile for `nn` is:
+///     total=100; (value,freq) set = {(8,10), (32,50)}
+/// The point of use is right before we call memcpy, and since we execute the
+/// memcpy conditionally, the value profile of `nn` can be:
+///     total=15; (value,freq) set = {(8,10), (4,5)}
+///
+/// For this reason, a plugin is responsible for computing the insertion point
+/// for each value to be profiled. The `CandidateInfo` structure encapsulates
+/// all the information needed for each value profile site.
+class ValueProfileOracle {
+public:
+  struct CandidateInfo {
+    Value *V;                   // The value to profile.
+    Instruction *InsertPt;      // Insert the VP lib call before this instr.
+    Instruction *AnnotatedInst; // Where metadata is attached.
+  };
+
+  ValueProfileOracle(Function &Fn);
+  ValueProfileOracle(ValueProfileOracle &&) = delete;
+  ValueProfileOracle &operator=(ValueProfileOracle &&) = delete;
+
+  ValueProfileOracle(const ValueProfileOracle &) = delete;
+  ValueProfileOracle &operator=(const ValueProfileOracle &) = delete;
+  ~ValueProfileOracle();
+
+  /// returns a list of value profiling candidates of the given kind
+  std::vector<CandidateInfo> get(InstrProfValueKind Kind) const;
+
+private:
+  class ValueProfileOracleImpl;
+  std::unique_ptr<ValueProfileOracleImpl> PImpl;
+};
+
+} // namespace llvm
+
+#endif

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfileOracle.cpp

+//===- ValueProfileOracle.cpp - determine what to value profile -----------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// The implementation of the ValueProfileOracle via ValueProfileOracleImpl.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "ValueProfilePlugins.inc"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+/// A plugin-based class that takes an arbitrary number of Plugin types.
+/// Each plugin type must satisfy the following API:
+///  1) the constructor must take a `Function &f`. Typically, the plugin would
+///     scan the function looking for candidates.
+///  2) contain a member function with the following signature and name:
+///        void run(std::vector<CandidateInfo> &Candidates);
+///    such that the plugin would append its result into the vector parameter.
+///
+/// Plugins are defined in ValueProfilePlugins.h
+template <class... Ts> class VPOPluginChain;
+
+/// The type VPOPluginChain_t is the final chain of plugins that will be used by
+/// ValueProfileOracleImpl.
+using VPOPluginChain_t = VPOPluginChain<VPO_PLUGIN_LIST>;
+
+template <> class VPOPluginChain<> {
+public:
+  VPOPluginChain(Function &F) {}
+  void get(InstrProfValueKind K, std::vector<CandidateInfo> &Candidates) {}
+};
+
+template <class Plugin_t, class... Ts>
+class VPOPluginChain<Plugin_t, Ts...> : public VPOPluginChain<Ts...> {
+  Plugin_t Plugin;
+  using Base = VPOPluginChain<Ts...>;
+
+public:
+  VPOPluginChain(Function &F) : VPOPluginChain<Ts...>(F), Plugin(F) {}
+
+  void get(InstrProfValueKind K, std::vector<CandidateInfo> &Candidates) {
+    if (K == Plugin_t::Kind)
+      Plugin.run(Candidates);
+    Base::get(K, Candidates);
+  }
+};
+
+/// ValueProfileOracleImpl inherits the API of VPOPluginChain_t
+class ValueProfileOracle::ValueProfileOracleImpl : public VPOPluginChain_t {
+public:
+  using VPOPluginChain_t::VPOPluginChain_t;
+};
+
+ValueProfileOracle::ValueProfileOracle(Function &F)
+    : PImpl(new ValueProfileOracleImpl(F)) {}
+
+ValueProfileOracle::~ValueProfileOracle() = default;
+
+std::vector<CandidateInfo>
+ValueProfileOracle::get(InstrProfValueKind Kind) const {
+  std::vector<CandidateInfo> Result;
+  PImpl->get(Kind, Result);
+  return Result;
+}

llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/ValueProfilePlugins.inc

+//===- ValueProfilePlugins.inc - set of plugins used by ValueProfileOracle ===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file contains a bunch of plugin classes used in ValueProfileOracleImpl.
+// Each plugin is responsible for collecting Value Profiling candidates for a
+// particular optimization.
+// Each plugin must satisfy the interface described in ValueProfileOracle.cpp.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "ValueProfileOracle.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallVisitor.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstVisitor.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+using CandidateInfo = ValueProfileOracle::CandidateInfo;
+
+///--------------------------- MemIntrinsicPlugin ------------------------------
+class MemIntrinsicPlugin : public InstVisitor<MemIntrinsicPlugin> {
+  Function &F;
+  std::vector<CandidateInfo> *Candidates;
+
+public:
+  static constexpr InstrProfValueKind Kind = IPVK_MemOPSize;
+
+  MemIntrinsicPlugin(Function &Fn) : F(Fn), Candidates(nullptr) {}
+
+  void run(std::vector<CandidateInfo> &Cs) {
+    Candidates = &Cs;
+    visit(F);
+    Candidates = nullptr;
+  }
+  void visitMemIntrinsic(MemIntrinsic &MI) {
+    Value *Length = MI.getLength();
+    // Not instrument constant length calls.
+    if (dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Length))
+      return;
+
+    Instruction *InsertPt = &MI;
+    Instruction *AnnotatedInst = &MI;
+    Candidates->emplace_back(CandidateInfo{Length, InsertPt, AnnotatedInst});
+  }
+};
+
+///------------------------ IndirectCallPromotionPlugin ------------------------
+class IndirectCallPromotionPlugin {
+  Function &F;
+
+public:
+  static constexpr InstrProfValueKind Kind = IPVK_IndirectCallTarget;
+
+  IndirectCallPromotionPlugin(Function &Fn) : F(Fn) {}
+
+  void run(std::vector<CandidateInfo> &Candidates) {
+    std::vector<Instruction *> Result = findIndirectCalls(F);
+    for (Instruction *I : Result) {
+      Value *Callee = CallSite(I).getCalledValue();
+      Instruction *InsertPt = I;
+      Instruction *AnnotatedInst = I;
+      Candidates.emplace_back(CandidateInfo{Callee, InsertPt, AnnotatedInst});
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+///----------------------- Registration of the plugins -------------------------
+/// For now, registering a plugin with the ValueProfileOracle is done by adding
+/// the plugin type to the VPO_PLUGIN_LIST macro.
+#define VPO_PLUGIN_LIST          \
+    MemIntrinsicPlugin,          \
+    IndirectCallPromotionPlugin