CallExpr::setNumArgs is the only thing that prevents storing the arguments
in a trailing array. There is only 3 places in Sema where setNumArgs is called.
D54900 dealt with one of them.
This patch remove the other two calls to setNumArgs in ConvertArgumentsForCall.
To do this we do the following changes:
1.) Replace the first call to setNumArgs by an assertion since we are moving the responsability
to allocate enough space for the arguments from Sema::ConvertArgumentsForCall
to its callers. (which are Sema::BuildCallToMemberFunction, and Sema::BuildResolvedCallExpr)
2.) Add a new member function CallExpr::shrinkNumArgs, which can only be used
to drop arguments and then replace the second call to setNumArgs by shrinkNumArgs.
3.) Add a new defaulted parameter MinNumArgs to CallExpr and its derived classes,
which specifies a minimum number of argument slots to allocate. The actual number of
arguments slots allocated will be max(number of args, MinNumArgs), with the extra
args nulled. Note that after the creation of the call expression all of the arguments will
be non-null. It is just during the creation of the call expression that some of the
last arguments can be temporarily null, until filled by default arguments.
4.) Update Sema::BuildCallToMemberFunction by passing the number of parameters
in the function prototype to the constructor of CXXMemberCallExpr.
Here the change is pretty straightforward.
5.) Update Sema::BuildResolvedCallExpr. Here the change is more complicated since
the type-checking for the function type was done after the creation of the call expression.
We need to move this before the creation of the call expression, and then pass the number
of parameters in the function prototype (if any) to the constructor of the call expression.
6.) Update the deserialization of CallExpr and its derived classes.