[lldb][AArch64] Add SME's Array Storage (ZA) and streaming vector length (SVG) registers

[DavidSpickett]

Summary

The "Matrix" part of the Scalable Matrix Extension is a new register
"ZA". You can think of this as a square matrix made up of scalable rows,
where each row is one scalable vector long. However it is not made
of the existing scalable vector registers, it is its own register.
Meaning that the size of ZA is the vector length in bytes * the vector
length in bytes.

https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0616/latest/

It uses the streaming vector length, even when streaming mode itself
is not active. For this reason, it's register data heeader always includes
the streaming vector length and I've added a pseudo register "SVG"
for users to be able to see this. Since they may be interacting
with ZA outside of streaming mode, where "VG" would be the non-streaming
vector length.

Due to it's size I've changed kMaxRegisterByteSize to the maximum
possible ZA size and kTypicalRegisterByteSize will be the maximum
possible scalable vector size. Therefore ZA transactions will cause heap
allocations, and non ZA registers will perform exactly as before.

ZA can be enabled and disabled independently of streaming mode. The way
this works in ptrace is different to SVE versus streaming SVE. Writing
NT_ARM_ZA without register data disables ZA, writing NT_ARM_ZA with
register data enables ZA (LLDB will only support the latter, and only
because it's convenient for us to do so).

https://kernel.org/doc/html/v6.2/arm64/sme.html

LLDB does not handle registers that can appear and dissappear at
runtime. Rather than add complexity to implement that, LLDB will
show a block of 0s when ZA is disabled.

The alternative is not only updating the vector lengths every stop,
but every register definition. It's possible but I'm not sure it's worth
pursuing.

Users should refer to the SVCR register (added in the next patch)
for the final word on whether ZA is active or not.

Writing to "VG" during streaming mode will change the size of the
streaming sve registers and ZA. LLDB will not attempt to preserve
register values in this case, we'll just read back the undefined
content the kernel shows. This is in line with, as stated, the
kernel ABIs and the prospective software ABIs look like.

ZA is defined as a vector of size SVL*SVL, so the display in lldb
is very basic. A giant block of values. This is no worse than SVE,
just larger. There is scope to improve this but that can wait
until we see some use cases.

Testing:

• TestSVEThreadedDynamic now checks for correct SVG values.
• New test TestZAThreadedDynamic creates 3 threads with different ZA sizes and states and switches between them verifying the register value (derived from the existing threaded SVE test).
• New test TestZARegisterSaveRestore starts in a given SME state, runs a set of expressions in various orders, then checks that the original state has been restored.
• TestArm64DynamicRegsets has ZA and SVG checks added, including writing to ZA to enable it.

An SME enabled program has the following extra state:

• Streaming mode or non-streaming mode.
• ZA enabled or disabled.
• The active vector length.

Covering the transition between all possible states and all other
possible states is not viable, therefore the testing is a cross
section of that, all of which found real bugs in LLDB and the Linux
Kernel during development.

Many of those transitions will not be possible via LLDB
(e.g. disabling ZA) and many more are possible but unlikely to be
used in normal use.

Running these tests will as usual require QEMU as there is no
real SME hardware available at this time, and a very recent
kernel.

[DavidSpickett]

I realise this is a giant patch, so if you see a way to split it, great. However, SVG is read from the ZA header and we need SVG to implement the resizing of ZA. So at least those are tied to each other.

[DavidSpickett]

In TestZAThreadedDynamic.py, replace the while < 3 threads check in Python with
atomic variables in the program file. This fixes a situation where the first "process continue" hits the breakpoint in thread 2, and waits forever because thread 3 is never
created.

The atomics mean that while one thread may break before the other, the other
is at least known to have started before this can happen.

(I'll apply the same fix to the SVE threaded test, which does occasionally
timeout on the buildbot, presumably due to this)

[DavidSpickett]

Replace missing process variable in TestZAThreadedDynamic.

[DavidSpickett]

Remove redundant get process calls in TestSVEThreadedDynamic.py.

[DavidSpickett]

As for the SVE test, the sync variables don't need to be atomic. Each one has one writer and one reader only.

[DavidSpickett]

Correct SVE reconfigure on non-SVE machines. It used to return if there was
no vg, which is correct, not sure why I changed that.

[DavidSpickett]

Rebase after changes to WriteAllRegisterValues.

[omjavaid]

The patch looks to implement all stuff needed at once lets break it down into three patches instead:

1. First patch that just adds SME register set and does not implement RegisterContext Read/Write routines.
2. Implement register context read/write for SME registers
3. Implement size re-configuration after changing size of the SME vector.

[DavidSpickett]

I've split them. I didn't split ZA definition and read/write because the former would be almost nothing, but otherwise it's into a few commits now ending with testing.

I won't fold the ZA bugfix into this as I think it's weird enough to warrant its own commit and therefore blame entry (and it doesn't show up in testing anyway).

lldb/include/lldb/Utility/RegisterValue.h

 //===-- RegisterValue.h -----------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 

 
 class RegisterValue {
 public:
   enum {
     // What we can reasonably put on the stack, big enough to support up to 256
     // byte AArch64 SVE.
     kTypicalRegisterByteSize = 256u,
     // Anything else we'll heap allocate storage for it.
-    kMaxRegisterByteSize = kTypicalRegisterByteSize,
+    // 256x256 to support 256 byte AArch64 SME's array storage (ZA) register.
+    // Which is a square of vector length x vector length.
+    kMaxRegisterByteSize = 256u * 256u,
   };
 
   typedef llvm::SmallVector<uint8_t, kTypicalRegisterByteSize> BytesContainer;
 
   enum Type {
     eTypeInvalid,
     eTypeUInt8,
     eTypeUInt16,

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Linux/NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64.h

 //===-- NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64.h ---------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 

 
 private:
   bool m_gpr_is_valid;
   bool m_fpu_is_valid;
   bool m_sve_buffer_is_valid;
   bool m_mte_ctrl_is_valid;
 
   bool m_sve_header_is_valid;
+  bool m_za_buffer_is_valid;
+  bool m_za_header_is_valid;
   bool m_pac_mask_is_valid;
   bool m_tls_is_valid;
   size_t m_tls_size;
 
   struct user_pt_regs m_gpr_arm64; // 64-bit general purpose registers.
 
   RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::FPU
       m_fpr; // floating-point registers including extended register sets.
 
   SVEState m_sve_state;
   struct sve::user_sve_header m_sve_header;
   std::vector<uint8_t> m_sve_ptrace_payload;
 
+  sve::user_za_header m_za_header;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> m_za_ptrace_payload;
+
   bool m_refresh_hwdebug_info;
 
   struct user_pac_mask {
     uint64_t data_mask;
     uint64_t insn_mask;
   };
 
   struct user_pac_mask m_pac_mask;
 
   uint64_t m_mte_ctrl_reg;
 
+  struct sme_regs {
+    uint64_t svg_reg;
+  };
+
+  struct sme_regs m_sme_regs;
+
   struct tls_regs {
     uint64_t tpidr_reg;
     // Only valid when SME is present.
     uint64_t tpidr2_reg;
   };
 
   struct tls_regs m_tls_regs;
 
private:
   Status ReadMTEControl();
 
   Status WriteMTEControl();
 
   Status ReadTLS();
 
   Status WriteTLS();
 
+  Status ReadSMESVG();
+
+  Status ReadZAHeader();
+
+  Status ReadZA();
+
+  Status WriteZA();
+
+  // No WriteZAHeader because writing only the header will disable ZA.
+  // Instead use WriteZA and ensure you have the correct ZA buffer size set
+  // beforehand if you wish to disable it.
+
   bool IsSVE(unsigned reg) const;
+  bool IsZA(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsPAuth(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsMTE(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsTLS(unsigned reg) const;
+  bool IsSME(unsigned reg) const;
 
   uint64_t GetSVERegVG() { return m_sve_header.vl / 8; }
 
   void SetSVERegVG(uint64_t vg) { m_sve_header.vl = vg * 8; }
 
   void *GetSVEHeader() { return &m_sve_header; }
 
+  void *GetZAHeader() { return &m_za_header; }
+
+  size_t GetZAHeaderSize() { return sizeof(m_za_header); }
+
   void *GetPACMask() { return &m_pac_mask; }
 
   void *GetMTEControl() { return &m_mte_ctrl_reg; }
 
   void *GetTLSBuffer() { return &m_tls_regs; }
 
+  void *GetSMEBuffer() { return &m_sme_regs; }
+
   void *GetSVEBuffer() { return m_sve_ptrace_payload.data(); }
 
   size_t GetSVEHeaderSize() { return sizeof(m_sve_header); }
 
   size_t GetPACMaskSize() { return sizeof(m_pac_mask); }
 
   size_t GetSVEBufferSize() { return m_sve_ptrace_payload.size(); }
 
   unsigned GetSVERegSet();
 
+  void *GetZABuffer() { return m_za_ptrace_payload.data(); };
+
+  size_t GetZABufferSize() { return m_za_ptrace_payload.size(); }
+
   size_t GetMTEControlSize() { return sizeof(m_mte_ctrl_reg); }
 
   size_t GetTLSBufferSize() { return m_tls_size; }
 
+  size_t GetSMEBufferSize() { return sizeof(m_sme_regs); }
+
   llvm::Error ReadHardwareDebugInfo() override;
 
   llvm::Error WriteHardwareDebugRegs(DREGType hwbType) override;
 
   uint32_t CalculateFprOffset(const RegisterInfo *reg_info) const;
 
   RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64 &GetRegisterInfo() const;
 

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Linux/NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64.cpp

 //===-- NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64.cpp ------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 

 #define NT_ARM_SVE 0x405 /* ARM Scalable Vector Extension */
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NT_ARM_SSVE
 #define NT_ARM_SSVE                                                            \
   0x40b /* ARM Scalable Matrix Extension, Streaming SVE mode */
 #endif
 
+#ifndef NT_ARM_ZA
+#define NT_ARM_ZA 0x40c /* ARM Scalable Matrix Extension, Array Storage */
+#endif
+
 #ifndef NT_ARM_PAC_MASK
 #define NT_ARM_PAC_MASK 0x406 /* Pointer authentication code masks */
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NT_ARM_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL
 #define NT_ARM_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL 0x409 /* Tagged address control register */
 #endif
 
if (NativeProcessLinux::PtraceWrapper(PTRACE_GETREGSET,
       regset = NT_ARM_SSVE;
       if (NativeProcessLinux::PtraceWrapper(PTRACE_GETREGSET,
                                             native_thread.GetID(), &regset,
                                             &ioVec, sizeof(sve_header))
               .Success())
         opt_regsets.Set(RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::eRegsetMaskSSVE);
     }
 
+    sve::user_za_header za_header;
+    ioVec.iov_base = &za_header;
+    ioVec.iov_len = sizeof(za_header);
+    regset = NT_ARM_ZA;
+    if (NativeProcessLinux::PtraceWrapper(PTRACE_GETREGSET,
+                                          native_thread.GetID(), &regset,
+                                          &ioVec, sizeof(za_header))
+            .Success())
+      opt_regsets.Set(RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::eRegsetMaskZA);
+
     NativeProcessLinux &process = native_thread.GetProcess();
 
     std::optional<uint64_t> auxv_at_hwcap =
         process.GetAuxValue(AuxVector::AUXV_AT_HWCAP);
     if (auxv_at_hwcap && (*auxv_at_hwcap & HWCAP_PACA))
       opt_regsets.Set(RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::eRegsetMaskPAuth);
 
     std::optional<uint64_t> auxv_at_hwcap2 =
: NativeRegisterContextRegisterInfo(native_thread,
       NativeRegisterContextLinux(native_thread) {
   ::memset(&m_fpr, 0, sizeof(m_fpr));
   ::memset(&m_gpr_arm64, 0, sizeof(m_gpr_arm64));
   ::memset(&m_hwp_regs, 0, sizeof(m_hwp_regs));
   ::memset(&m_hbp_regs, 0, sizeof(m_hbp_regs));
   ::memset(&m_sve_header, 0, sizeof(m_sve_header));
   ::memset(&m_pac_mask, 0, sizeof(m_pac_mask));
   ::memset(&m_tls_regs, 0, sizeof(m_tls_regs));
+  ::memset(&m_sme_regs, 0, sizeof(m_sme_regs));
 
   m_mte_ctrl_reg = 0;
 
   // 16 is just a maximum value, query hardware for actual watchpoint count
   m_max_hwp_supported = 16;
   m_max_hbp_supported = 16;
 
   m_refresh_hwdebug_info = true;
NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadRegister(const RegisterInfo *reg_info,
   } else if (IsMTE(reg)) {
     error = ReadMTEControl();
     if (error.Fail())
       return error;
 
     offset = reg_info->byte_offset - GetRegisterInfo().GetMTEOffset();
     assert(offset < GetMTEControlSize());
     src = (uint8_t *)GetMTEControl() + offset;
+  } else if (IsZA(reg)) {
+    error = ReadZAHeader();
+    if (error.Fail())
+      return error;
+
+    // If there is only a header and no registers, ZA is inactive. Read as 0
+    // in this case.
+    if (m_za_header.size == sizeof(m_za_header)) {
+      // This will get reconfigured/reset later, so we are safe to use it.
+      // ZA is a square of VL * VL and the ptrace buffer also includes the
+      // header itself.
+      m_za_ptrace_payload.resize(((m_za_header.vl) * (m_za_header.vl)) +
+                                 GetZAHeaderSize());
+      std::fill(m_za_ptrace_payload.begin(), m_za_ptrace_payload.end(), 0);
+    } else {
+      // ZA is active, read the real register.
+      error = ReadZA();
+      if (error.Fail())
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    offset = reg_info->byte_offset - GetRegisterInfo().GetZAOffset() +
+             GetZAHeaderSize();
+    assert(offset < GetZABufferSize());
+    src = (uint8_t *)GetZABuffer() + offset;
+  } else if (IsSME(reg)) {
+    error = ReadSMESVG();
+    if (error.Fail())
+      return error;
+
+    offset = reg_info->byte_offset - GetRegisterInfo().GetSMEOffset();
+    assert(offset < GetSMEBufferSize());
+    src = (uint8_t *)GetSMEBuffer() + offset;
   } else
     return Status("failed - register wasn't recognized to be a GPR or an FPR, "
                   "write strategy unknown");
 
   reg_value.SetFromMemoryData(*reg_info, src, reg_info->byte_size,
                               eByteOrderLittle, error);
 
   return error;
else {
 
         if (sve::vl_valid(vg_value * 8)) {
           if (m_sve_header_is_valid && vg_value == GetSVERegVG())
             return error;
 
           SetSVERegVG(vg_value);
 
           error = WriteSVEHeader();
-          if (error.Success())
+          if (error.Success()) {
+            // Changing VG during streaming mode also changes the size of ZA.
+            if (m_sve_state == SVEState::Streaming)
+              m_za_header_is_valid = false;
             ConfigureRegisterContext();
+          }
 
           if (m_sve_header_is_valid && vg_value == GetSVERegVG())
             return error;
         }
 
         return Status("SVE vector length update failed.");
       }
 
if (error.Fail())
       return error;
 
     offset = reg_info->byte_offset - GetRegisterInfo().GetTLSOffset();
     assert(offset < GetTLSBufferSize());
     dst = (uint8_t *)GetTLSBuffer() + offset;
     ::memcpy(dst, reg_value.GetBytes(), reg_info->byte_size);
 
     return WriteTLS();
+  } else if (IsZA(reg)) {
+    error = ReadZA();
+    if (error.Fail())
+      return error;
+
+    offset = reg_info->byte_offset - GetRegisterInfo().GetZAOffset() +
+             GetZAHeaderSize();
+    assert(offset < GetZABufferSize());
+    dst = (uint8_t *)GetZABuffer() + offset;
+    ::memcpy(dst, reg_value.GetBytes(), reg_info->byte_size);
+
+    // While this is writing a header that contains a vector length, the only
+    // way to change that is via the vg register. So here we assume the length
+    // will always be the current length and no reconfigure is needed.
+    return WriteZA();
+  } else if (IsSME(reg)) {
+    return Status("Writing to SVG is not supported.");
   }
 
   return Status("Failed to write register value");
 }
 
 enum SavedRegistersKind : uint32_t {
   GPR,
   SVE, // Used for SVE and SSVE.
   FPR, // When there is no SVE, or SVE in FPSIMD mode.
+  // Pointer authentication registers are read only, so not included here.
   MTE,
   TLS,
+  ZA,
+  // SME pseudo registers are read only.
 };
 
 static uint8_t *AddSavedRegistersKind(uint8_t *dst, SavedRegistersKind kind) {
   *(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(dst)) = kind;
   return dst + sizeof(uint32_t);
 }
 
 static uint8_t *AddSavedRegistersData(uint8_t *dst, void *src, size_t size) {
   ::memcpy(dst, src, size);
   return dst + size;
 }
 
 static uint8_t *AddSavedRegisters(uint8_t *dst, enum SavedRegistersKind kind,
                                   void *src, size_t size) {
   dst = AddSavedRegistersKind(dst, kind);
   return AddSavedRegistersData(dst, src, size);
 }
 
 Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadAllRegisterValues(
     lldb::WritableDataBufferSP &data_sp) {
   // AArch64 register data must contain GPRs and either FPR or SVE registers.
   // SVE registers can be non-streaming (aka SVE) or streaming (aka SSVE).
-  // Finally an optional MTE register. Pointer Authentication (PAC) registers
-  // are read-only and will be skipped.
+  // Followed optionally by MTE, TLS and ZA register(s). SME pseudo registers
+  // are derived from other data, and Pointer Authentication (PAC) registers
+  // are read-only, so they are all skipped.
 
   // In order to create register data checkpoint we first read all register
   // values if not done already and calculate total size of register set data.
   // We store all register values in data_sp by copying full PTrace data that
   // corresponds to register sets enabled by current register context.
 
   Status error;
   uint32_t reg_data_byte_size = sizeof(SavedRegistersKind) + GetGPRBufferSize();
   error = ReadGPR();
   if (error.Fail())
     return error;
 
+  // Here this means, does the system have ZA, not whether it is active.
+  if (GetRegisterInfo().IsZAEnabled()) {
+    error = ReadZAHeader();
+    if (error.Fail())
+      return error;
+    // Use header size here because the buffer may contain fake data when ZA is
+    // disabled.
+    reg_data_byte_size += sizeof(SavedRegistersKind) + m_za_header.size;
+    // For the same reason, we need to force it to be re-read so that it will
+    // always contain the real header.
+    m_za_buffer_is_valid = false;
+    error = ReadZA();
+    if (error.Fail())
+      return error;
+  }
+
   // If SVE is enabled we need not copy FPR separately.
   if (GetRegisterInfo().IsSVEEnabled() || GetRegisterInfo().IsSSVEEnabled()) {
     // Store mode and register data.
     reg_data_byte_size +=
         sizeof(SavedRegistersKind) + sizeof(m_sve_state) + GetSVEBufferSize();
     error = ReadAllSVE();
   } else {
     reg_data_byte_size += sizeof(SavedRegistersKind) + GetFPRSize();
if (error.Fail())
     return error;
 
   data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap(reg_data_byte_size, 0));
   uint8_t *dst = data_sp->GetBytes();
 
   dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::GPR, GetGPRBuffer(),
                           GetGPRBufferSize());
 
+  // Streaming SVE and the ZA register both use the streaming vector length.
+  // When you change this, the kernel will invalidate parts of the process
+  // state. Therefore we need a specific order of restoration for each mode, if
+  // we also have ZA to restore.
+  //
+  // Streaming mode enabled, ZA enabled:
+  // * Write streaming registers. This sets SVCR.SM and clears SVCR.ZA.
+  // * Write ZA, this set SVCR.ZA. The register data we provide is written to
+  // ZA.
+  // * Result is SVCR.SM and SVCR.ZA set, with the expected data in both
+  //   register sets.
+  //
+  // Streaming mode disabled, ZA enabled:
+  // * Write ZA. This sets SVCR.ZA, and the ZA content. In the majority of cases
+  //   the streaming vector length is changing, so the thread is converted into
+  //   an FPSIMD thread if it is not already one. This also clears SVCR.SM.
+  // * Write SVE registers, which also clears SVCR.SM but most importantly, puts
+  //   us into full SVE mode instead of FPSIMD mode (where the registers are
+  //   actually the 128 bit Neon registers).
+  // * Result is we have SVCR.SM = 0, SVCR.ZA = 1 and the expected register
+  //   state.
+  //
+  // Restoring in different orders leads to things like the SVE registers being
+  // truncated due to the FPSIMD mode and ZA being disabled or filled with 0s
+  // (disabled and 0s looks the same from inside lldb since we fake the value
+  // when it's disabled).
+  //
+  // For more information on this, look up the uses of the relevant NT_ARM_
+  // constants and the functions vec_set_vector_length, sve_set_common and
+  // za_set in the Linux Kernel.
+
+  if ((m_sve_state != SVEState::Streaming) && GetRegisterInfo().IsZAEnabled()) {
+    // Use the header size not the buffer size, as we may be using the buffer
+    // for fake data, which we do not want to write out.
+    assert(m_za_header.size <= GetZABufferSize());
+    dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::ZA, GetZABuffer(),
+                            m_za_header.size);
+  }
+
   if (GetRegisterInfo().IsSVEEnabled() || GetRegisterInfo().IsSSVEEnabled()) {
     dst = AddSavedRegistersKind(dst, SavedRegistersKind::SVE);
     *(reinterpret_cast<SVEState *>(dst)) = m_sve_state;
     dst += sizeof(m_sve_state);
     dst = AddSavedRegistersData(dst, GetSVEBuffer(), GetSVEBufferSize());
   } else {
     dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::FPR, GetFPRBuffer(),
                             GetFPRSize());
   }
 
+  if ((m_sve_state == SVEState::Streaming) && GetRegisterInfo().IsZAEnabled()) {
+    assert(m_za_header.size <= GetZABufferSize());
+    dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::ZA, GetZABuffer(),
+                            m_za_header.size);
+  }
+
   if (GetRegisterInfo().IsMTEEnabled()) {
     dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::MTE, GetMTEControl(),
                             GetMTEControlSize());
   }
 
   dst = AddSavedRegisters(dst, SavedRegistersKind::TLS, GetTLSBuffer(),
                           GetTLSBufferSize());
 
case SavedRegistersKind::SVE:
         return error;
       }
       m_sve_header_is_valid = true;
       error = WriteSVEHeader();
       if (error.Fail())
         return error;
 
       // SVE header has been written configure SVE vector length if needed.
+      // This could change ZA data too, but that will be restored again later
+      // anyway.
       ConfigureRegisterContext();
 
       ::memcpy(GetSVEBuffer(), src, GetSVEBufferSize());
       m_sve_buffer_is_valid = true;
       error = WriteAllSVE();
-      if (error.Fail())
-        return error;
       src += GetSVEBufferSize();
 
       break;
     case SavedRegistersKind::FPR:
       ::memcpy(GetFPRBuffer(), src, GetFPRSize());
       m_fpu_is_valid = true;
       error = WriteFPR();
       if (error.Fail())
case SavedRegistersKind::TLS:
       ::memcpy(GetTLSBuffer(), src, GetTLSBufferSize());
       m_tls_is_valid = true;
       error = WriteTLS();
       if (error.Fail())
         return error;
       src += GetTLSBufferSize();
 
       break;
+    case SavedRegistersKind::ZA:
+      // To enable or disable ZA you write the regset with or without register
+      // data. The kernel detects this by looking at the ioVec's length, not the
+      // ZA header size you pass in. Therefore we must write header and register
+      // data (if present) in one go every time. Read the header only first just
+      // to get the size.
+      ::memcpy(GetZAHeader(), src, GetZAHeaderSize());
+      // Read the header and register data. Can't use the buffer size here, it
+      // may be incorrect due to being filled with dummy data previously. Resize
+      // this so WriteZA uses the correct size.
+      m_za_ptrace_payload.resize(m_za_header.size);
+      ::memcpy(GetZABuffer(), src, GetZABufferSize());
+      m_za_buffer_is_valid = true;
+
+      error = WriteZA();
+      if (error.Fail())
+        return error;
+
+      // Update size of ZA, which resizes the ptrace payload potentially
+      // trashing our copy of the data we just wrote.
+      ConfigureRegisterContext();
+
+      // ZA buffer now has proper size, read back the data we wrote above, from
+      // ptrace.
+      error = ReadZA();
+      if (error.Fail())
+        return error;
+      src += GetZABufferSize();
+
+      break;
     }
   }
 
   return error;
 }
 
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsGPR(unsigned reg) const {
   if (GetRegisterInfo().GetRegisterSetFromRegisterIndex(reg) ==
       RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GPRegSet)
     return true;
   return false;
 }
 
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsFPR(unsigned reg) const {
   if (GetRegisterInfo().GetRegisterSetFromRegisterIndex(reg) ==
       RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::FPRegSet)
     return true;
   return false;
 }
 
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsSVE(unsigned reg) const {
   return GetRegisterInfo().IsSVEReg(reg);
 }
 
+bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsZA(unsigned reg) const {
+  return GetRegisterInfo().IsZAReg(reg);
+}
+
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsPAuth(unsigned reg) const {
   return GetRegisterInfo().IsPAuthReg(reg);
 }
 
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsMTE(unsigned reg) const {
   return GetRegisterInfo().IsMTEReg(reg);
 }
 
 bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsTLS(unsigned reg) const {
   return GetRegisterInfo().IsTLSReg(reg);
 }
 
+bool NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::IsSME(unsigned reg) const {
+  return GetRegisterInfo().IsSMEReg(reg);
+}
+
 llvm::Error NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadHardwareDebugInfo() {
   if (!m_refresh_hwdebug_info) {
     return llvm::Error::success();
   }
 
   ::pid_t tid = m_thread.GetID();
 
   int regset = NT_ARM_HW_WATCH;
Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::WriteFPR() {
   return WriteRegisterSet(&ioVec, GetFPRSize(), NT_FPREGSET);
 }
 
 void NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::InvalidateAllRegisters() {
   m_gpr_is_valid = false;
   m_fpu_is_valid = false;
   m_sve_buffer_is_valid = false;
   m_sve_header_is_valid = false;
+  m_za_buffer_is_valid = false;
+  m_za_header_is_valid = false;
   m_pac_mask_is_valid = false;
   m_mte_ctrl_is_valid = false;
   m_tls_is_valid = false;
 
-  // Update SVE registers in case there is change in configuration.
+  // Update SVE and ZA registers in case there is change in configuration.
   ConfigureRegisterContext();
 }
 
 unsigned NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::GetSVERegSet() {
   return m_sve_state == SVEState::Streaming ? NT_ARM_SSVE : NT_ARM_SVE;
 }
 
 Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadSVEHeader() {
Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::WriteTLS() {
   ioVec.iov_base = GetTLSBuffer();
   ioVec.iov_len = GetTLSBufferSize();
 
   m_tls_is_valid = false;
 
   return WriteRegisterSet(&ioVec, GetTLSBufferSize(), NT_ARM_TLS);
 }
 
+Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadZAHeader() {
+  Status error;
+
+  if (m_za_header_is_valid)
+    return error;
+
+  struct iovec ioVec;
+  ioVec.iov_base = GetZAHeader();
+  ioVec.iov_len = GetZAHeaderSize();
+
+  error = ReadRegisterSet(&ioVec, GetZAHeaderSize(), NT_ARM_ZA);
+
+  if (error.Success())
+    m_za_header_is_valid = true;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadZA() {
+  Status error;
+
+  if (m_za_buffer_is_valid)
+    return error;
+
+  struct iovec ioVec;
+  ioVec.iov_base = GetZABuffer();
+  ioVec.iov_len = GetZABufferSize();
+
+  error = ReadRegisterSet(&ioVec, GetZABufferSize(), NT_ARM_ZA);
+
+  if (error.Success())
+    m_za_buffer_is_valid = true;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::WriteZA() {
+  // Note that because the ZA ptrace payload contains the header also, this
+  // method will write both. This is done because writing only the header
+  // will disable ZA, even if .size in the header is correct for an enabled ZA.
+  Status error;
+
+  error = ReadZA();
+  if (error.Fail())
+    return error;
+
+  struct iovec ioVec;
+  ioVec.iov_base = GetZABuffer();
+  ioVec.iov_len = GetZABufferSize();
+
+  m_za_buffer_is_valid = false;
+  m_za_header_is_valid = false;
+
+  return WriteRegisterSet(&ioVec, GetZABufferSize(), NT_ARM_ZA);
+}
+
 void NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ConfigureRegisterContext() {
   // ConfigureRegisterContext gets called from InvalidateAllRegisters
   // on every stop and configures SVE vector length and whether we are in
   // streaming SVE mode.
   // If m_sve_state is set to SVEState::Disabled on first stop, code below will
   // be deemed non operational for the lifetime of current process.
   if (!m_sve_header_is_valid && m_sve_state != SVEState::Disabled) {
     // If we have SVE we may also have the SVE streaming mode that SME added.
if (m_sve_state == SVEState::Full || m_sve_state == SVEState::FPSIMD ||
       uint32_t vq = RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::eVectorQuadwordAArch64SVE;
       if (sve::vl_valid(m_sve_header.vl))
         vq = sve::vq_from_vl(m_sve_header.vl);
 
       GetRegisterInfo().ConfigureVectorLength(vq);
       m_sve_ptrace_payload.resize(sve::PTraceSize(vq, sve::ptrace_regs_sve));
     }
   }
+
+  if (!m_za_header_is_valid) {
+    Status error = ReadZAHeader();
+    if (error.Success()) {
+      uint32_t vq = RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::eVectorQuadwordAArch64SVE;
+      if (sve::vl_valid(m_za_header.vl))
+        vq = sve::vq_from_vl(m_za_header.vl);
+
+      GetRegisterInfo().ConfigureVectorLengthZA(vq);
+      m_za_ptrace_payload.resize(m_za_header.size);
+      m_za_buffer_is_valid = false;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 uint32_t NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::CalculateFprOffset(
     const RegisterInfo *reg_info) const {
   return reg_info->byte_offset - GetGPRSize();
 }
 
 uint32_t NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::CalculateSVEOffset(
// Between non-streaming and streaming mode, the layout is identical.
              m_sve_state == SVEState::Streaming) {
     uint32_t sve_z0_offset = GetGPRSize() + 16;
     sve_reg_offset =
         sve::SigRegsOffset() + reg_info->byte_offset - sve_z0_offset;
   }
   return sve_reg_offset;
 }
 
+Status NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::ReadSMESVG() {
+  // This register is the streaming vector length, so we will get it from
+  // NT_ARM_ZA regardless of the current streaming mode.
+  Status error = ReadZAHeader();
+  if (error.Success())
+    m_sme_regs.svg_reg = m_za_header.vl / 8;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
 std::vector<uint32_t> NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::GetExpeditedRegisters(
     ExpeditedRegs expType) const {
   std::vector<uint32_t> expedited_reg_nums =
       NativeRegisterContext::GetExpeditedRegisters(expType);
+  // SVE, non-streaming vector length.
   if (m_sve_state == SVEState::FPSIMD || m_sve_state == SVEState::Full)
     expedited_reg_nums.push_back(GetRegisterInfo().GetRegNumSVEVG());
+  // SME, streaming vector length. This is used by the ZA register which is
+  // present even when streaming mode is not enabled.
+  if (GetRegisterInfo().IsSSVEEnabled())
+    expedited_reg_nums.push_back(GetRegisterInfo().GetRegNumSMEVG());
 
   return expedited_reg_nums;
 }
 
 llvm::Expected<NativeRegisterContextLinux::MemoryTaggingDetails>
 NativeRegisterContextLinux_arm64::GetMemoryTaggingDetails(int32_t type) {
   if (type == MemoryTagManagerAArch64MTE::eMTE_allocation) {
     return MemoryTaggingDetails{std::make_unique<MemoryTagManagerAArch64MTE>(),

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Utility/LinuxPTraceDefines_arm64sve.h

 //===-- LinuxPTraceDefines_arm64sve.h ------------------------- -*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
struct user_sve_header {
   uint32_t size;     /* total meaningful regset content in bytes */
   uint32_t max_size; /* maxmium possible size for this thread */
   uint16_t vl;       /* current vector length */
   uint16_t max_vl;   /* maximum possible vector length */
   uint16_t flags;
   uint16_t reserved;
 };
 
+using user_za_header = user_sve_header;
+
 /* Definitions for user_sve_header.flags: */
 const uint16_t ptrace_regs_mask = 1 << 0;
 const uint16_t ptrace_regs_fpsimd = 0;
 const uint16_t ptrace_regs_sve = ptrace_regs_mask;
 
 /*
  * The remainder of the SVE state follows struct user_sve_header.  The
  * total size of the SVE state (including header) depends on the

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Utility/RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64.h

 //===-- RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64.h ----------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
protected:
 
   bool IsGPR(unsigned reg);
 
   bool IsFPR(unsigned reg);
 
   size_t GetFPUSize() { return sizeof(RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::FPU); }
 
   bool IsSVE(unsigned reg) const;
+  bool IsZA(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsPAuth(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsTLS(unsigned reg) const;
 
   bool IsSVEZ(unsigned reg) const { return m_register_info_up->IsSVEZReg(reg); }
   bool IsSVEP(unsigned reg) const { return m_register_info_up->IsSVEPReg(reg); }
   bool IsSVEVG(unsigned reg) const {
     return m_register_info_up->IsSVERegVG(reg);
   }

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Utility/RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64.cpp

 //===-- RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64.cpp ------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
if (m_register_info_up->GetRegisterSetFromRegisterIndex(reg) ==
     return true;
   return false;
 }
 
 bool RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64::IsSVE(unsigned reg) const {
   return m_register_info_up->IsSVEReg(reg);
 }
 
+bool RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64::IsZA(unsigned reg) const {
+  return m_register_info_up->IsZAReg(reg);
+}
+
 bool RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64::IsPAuth(unsigned reg) const {
   return m_register_info_up->IsPAuthReg(reg);
 }
 
 bool RegisterContextPOSIX_arm64::IsTLS(unsigned reg) const {
   return m_register_info_up->IsTLSReg(reg);
 }
 

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Utility/RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64.h

 //===-- RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64.h -------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
public:
   // AArch64 register set mask value
   enum {
     eRegsetMaskDefault = 0,
     eRegsetMaskSVE = 1,
     eRegsetMaskSSVE = 2,
     eRegsetMaskPAuth = 4,
     eRegsetMaskMTE = 8,
     eRegsetMaskTLS = 16,
+    eRegsetMaskZA = 32,
     eRegsetMaskDynamic = ~1,
   };
 
   // AArch64 Register set FP/SIMD feature configuration
   enum {
     eVectorQuadwordAArch64,
     eVectorQuadwordAArch64SVE,
     eVectorQuadwordAArch64SVEMax = 256
public:
   size_t GetRegisterSetFromRegisterIndex(uint32_t reg_index) const override;
 
   void AddRegSetPAuth();
 
   void AddRegSetMTE();
 
   void AddRegSetTLS(bool has_tpidr2);
 
+  void AddRegSetZA();
+
+  void AddRegSetSME();
+
   uint32_t ConfigureVectorLength(uint32_t sve_vq);
 
+  void ConfigureVectorLengthZA(uint32_t za_vq);
+
   bool VectorSizeIsValid(uint32_t vq) {
     // coverity[unsigned_compare]
     if (vq >= eVectorQuadwordAArch64 && vq <= eVectorQuadwordAArch64SVEMax)
       return true;
     return false;
   }
 
   bool IsSVEEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskSVE); }
   bool IsSSVEEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskSSVE); }
+  bool IsZAEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskZA); }
   bool IsPAuthEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskPAuth); }
   bool IsMTEEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskMTE); }
   bool IsTLSEnabled() const { return m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskTLS); }
 
   bool IsSVEReg(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsSVEZReg(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsSVEPReg(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsSVERegVG(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsPAuthReg(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsMTEReg(unsigned reg) const;
   bool IsTLSReg(unsigned reg) const;
+  bool IsZAReg(unsigned reg) const;
+  bool IsSMEReg(unsigned reg) const;
 
   uint32_t GetRegNumSVEZ0() const;
   uint32_t GetRegNumSVEFFR() const;
   uint32_t GetRegNumFPCR() const;
   uint32_t GetRegNumFPSR() const;
   uint32_t GetRegNumSVEVG() const;
+  uint32_t GetRegNumSMEVG() const;
   uint32_t GetPAuthOffset() const;
   uint32_t GetMTEOffset() const;
   uint32_t GetTLSOffset() const;
+  uint32_t GetZAOffset() const;
+  uint32_t GetSMEOffset() const;
 
 private:
   typedef std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<lldb_private::RegisterInfo>>
       per_vq_register_infos;
 
   per_vq_register_infos m_per_vq_reg_infos;
 
   uint32_t m_vector_reg_vq = eVectorQuadwordAArch64;
+  uint32_t m_za_reg_vq = eVectorQuadwordAArch64;
 
+  // In normal operation this is const. Only when SVE or SME registers change
+  // size is it either replaced or the content modified.
   const lldb_private::RegisterInfo *m_register_info_p;
   uint32_t m_register_info_count;
 
   const lldb_private::RegisterSet *m_register_set_p;
   uint32_t m_register_set_count;
 
   // Contains pair of [start, end] register numbers of a register set with start
   // and end included.
   std::map<uint32_t, std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> m_per_regset_regnum_range;
 
   lldb_private::Flags m_opt_regsets;
 
   std::vector<lldb_private::RegisterInfo> m_dynamic_reg_infos;
   std::vector<lldb_private::RegisterSet> m_dynamic_reg_sets;
 
   std::vector<uint32_t> pauth_regnum_collection;
   std::vector<uint32_t> m_mte_regnum_collection;
   std::vector<uint32_t> m_tls_regnum_collection;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> m_za_regnum_collection;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> m_sme_regnum_collection;
 };
 
 #endif

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Utility/RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64.cpp

 //===-- RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64.cpp ---------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 

 static lldb_private::RegisterInfo g_register_infos_mte[] = {
     DEFINE_EXTENSION_REG(mte_ctrl)};
 
 static lldb_private::RegisterInfo g_register_infos_tls[] = {
     DEFINE_EXTENSION_REG(tpidr),
     // Only present when SME is present
     DEFINE_EXTENSION_REG(tpidr2)};
 
+static lldb_private::RegisterInfo g_register_infos_za[] =
+    // 16 is a default size we will change later.
+    {{"za", nullptr, 16, 0, lldb::eEncodingVector, lldb::eFormatVectorOfUInt8,
+      KIND_ALL_INVALID, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}};
+
+static lldb_private::RegisterInfo g_register_infos_sme[] = {
+    DEFINE_EXTENSION_REG(svg)};
+
 // Number of register sets provided by this context.
 enum {
   k_num_gpr_registers = gpr_w28 - gpr_x0 + 1,
   k_num_fpr_registers = fpu_fpcr - fpu_v0 + 1,
   k_num_sve_registers = sve_ffr - sve_vg + 1,
   k_num_mte_register = 1,
   // Number of TLS registers is dynamic so it is not listed here.
   k_num_pauth_register = 2,
+  k_num_za_register = 1,
+  k_num_sme_register = 1,
   k_num_register_sets_default = 2,
   k_num_register_sets = 3
 };
 
 // ARM64 general purpose registers.
 static const uint32_t g_gpr_regnums_arm64[] = {
     gpr_x0,  gpr_x1,   gpr_x2,  gpr_x3,
     gpr_x4,  gpr_x5,   gpr_x6,  gpr_x7,

 static const lldb_private::RegisterSet g_reg_set_pauth_arm64 = {
     "Pointer Authentication Registers", "pauth", k_num_pauth_register, nullptr};
 
 static const lldb_private::RegisterSet g_reg_set_mte_arm64 = {
     "MTE Control Register", "mte", k_num_mte_register, nullptr};
 
 // The size of the TLS set is dynamic, so not listed here.
 
+static const lldb_private::RegisterSet g_reg_set_za_arm64 = {
+    "Scalable Matrix Array Storage Registers", "za", k_num_za_register,
+    nullptr};
+
+static const lldb_private::RegisterSet g_reg_set_sme_arm64 = {
+    "Scalable Matrix Extension Registers", "sme", k_num_sme_register, nullptr};
+
 RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64(
     const lldb_private::ArchSpec &target_arch, lldb_private::Flags opt_regsets)
     : lldb_private::RegisterInfoAndSetInterface(target_arch),
       m_opt_regsets(opt_regsets) {
   switch (target_arch.GetMachine()) {
   case llvm::Triple::aarch64:
   case llvm::Triple::aarch64_32: {
     m_register_set_p = g_reg_sets_arm64;
if (m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskDynamic)) {
 
       if (m_opt_regsets.AllSet(eRegsetMaskMTE))
         AddRegSetMTE();
 
       // The TLS set always contains tpidr but only has tpidr2 when SME is
       // present.
       AddRegSetTLS(m_opt_regsets.AllSet(eRegsetMaskSSVE));
 
+      if (m_opt_regsets.AnySet(eRegsetMaskSSVE)) {
+        AddRegSetZA();
+        AddRegSetSME();
+      }
+
       m_register_info_count = m_dynamic_reg_infos.size();
       m_register_info_p = m_dynamic_reg_infos.data();
       m_register_set_p = m_dynamic_reg_sets.data();
       m_register_set_count = m_dynamic_reg_sets.size();
     }
     break;
   }
   default:
void RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::AddRegSetTLS(bool has_tpidr2) {
 
   m_per_regset_regnum_range[m_register_set_count] =
       std::make_pair(tls_regnum, m_dynamic_reg_infos.size());
   m_dynamic_reg_sets.push_back(
       {"Thread Local Storage Registers", "tls", num_regs, nullptr});
   m_dynamic_reg_sets.back().registers = m_tls_regnum_collection.data();
 }
 
+void RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::AddRegSetZA() {
+  uint32_t za_regnum = m_dynamic_reg_infos.size();
+  m_za_regnum_collection.push_back(za_regnum);
+
+  m_dynamic_reg_infos.push_back(g_register_infos_za[0]);
+  m_dynamic_reg_infos[za_regnum].byte_offset =
+      m_dynamic_reg_infos[za_regnum - 1].byte_offset +
+      m_dynamic_reg_infos[za_regnum - 1].byte_size;
+  m_dynamic_reg_infos[za_regnum].kinds[lldb::eRegisterKindLLDB] = za_regnum;
+
+  m_per_regset_regnum_range[m_register_set_count] =
+      std::make_pair(za_regnum, za_regnum + 1);
+  m_dynamic_reg_sets.push_back(g_reg_set_za_arm64);
+  m_dynamic_reg_sets.back().registers = m_za_regnum_collection.data();
+}
+
+void RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::AddRegSetSME() {
+  uint32_t sme_regnum = m_dynamic_reg_infos.size();
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < k_num_sme_register; i++) {
+    m_sme_regnum_collection.push_back(sme_regnum + i);
+    m_dynamic_reg_infos.push_back(g_register_infos_sme[i]);
+    m_dynamic_reg_infos[sme_regnum + i].byte_offset =
+        m_dynamic_reg_infos[sme_regnum + i - 1].byte_offset +
+        m_dynamic_reg_infos[sme_regnum + i - 1].byte_size;
+    m_dynamic_reg_infos[sme_regnum + i].kinds[lldb::eRegisterKindLLDB] =
+        sme_regnum + i;
+  }
+
+  m_per_regset_regnum_range[m_register_set_count] =
+      std::make_pair(sme_regnum, m_dynamic_reg_infos.size());
+  m_dynamic_reg_sets.push_back(g_reg_set_sme_arm64);
+  m_dynamic_reg_sets.back().registers = m_sme_regnum_collection.data();
+}
+
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::ConfigureVectorLength(uint32_t sve_vq) {
   // sve_vq contains SVE Quad vector length in context of AArch64 SVE.
   // SVE register infos if enabled cannot be disabled by selecting sve_vq = 0.
   // Also if an invalid or previously set vector length is passed to this
   // function then it will exit immediately with previously set vector length.
   if (!VectorSizeIsValid(sve_vq) || m_vector_reg_vq == sve_vq)
     return m_vector_reg_vq;
 
if (reg_info_ref.empty()) {
 
     m_per_vq_reg_infos[sve_vq] = reg_info_ref;
   }
 
   m_register_info_p = m_per_vq_reg_infos[sve_vq].data();
   return m_vector_reg_vq;
 }
 
+void RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::ConfigureVectorLengthZA(uint32_t za_vq) {
+  if (!VectorSizeIsValid(za_vq) || m_za_reg_vq == za_vq)
+    return;
+
+  m_za_reg_vq = za_vq;
+
+  // For SVE changes, we replace m_register_info_p completely. ZA is in a
+  // dynamic set and is just 1 register so we make an exception to const here.
+  lldb_private::RegisterInfo *non_const_reginfo =
+      const_cast<lldb_private::RegisterInfo *>(m_register_info_p);
+  non_const_reginfo[m_za_regnum_collection[0]].byte_size =
+      (za_vq * 16) * (za_vq * 16);
+}
+
 bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsSVEReg(unsigned reg) const {
   if (m_vector_reg_vq > eVectorQuadwordAArch64)
     return (sve_vg <= reg && reg <= sve_ffr);
   else
     return false;
 }
 
 bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsSVEZReg(unsigned reg) const {

 bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsMTEReg(unsigned reg) const {
   return llvm::is_contained(m_mte_regnum_collection, reg);
 }
 
 bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsTLSReg(unsigned reg) const {
   return llvm::is_contained(m_tls_regnum_collection, reg);
 }
 
+bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsZAReg(unsigned reg) const {
+  return llvm::is_contained(m_za_regnum_collection, reg);
+}
+
+bool RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::IsSMEReg(unsigned reg) const {
+  return llvm::is_contained(m_sme_regnum_collection, reg);
+}
+
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumSVEZ0() const { return sve_z0; }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumSVEFFR() const { return sve_ffr; }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumFPCR() const { return fpu_fpcr; }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumFPSR() const { return fpu_fpsr; }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumSVEVG() const { return sve_vg; }
 
+uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetRegNumSMEVG() const {
+  return m_sme_regnum_collection[0];
+}
+
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetPAuthOffset() const {
   return m_register_info_p[pauth_regnum_collection[0]].byte_offset;
 }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetMTEOffset() const {
   return m_register_info_p[m_mte_regnum_collection[0]].byte_offset;
 }
 
 uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetTLSOffset() const {
   return m_register_info_p[m_tls_regnum_collection[0]].byte_offset;
 }
+
+uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetZAOffset() const {
+  return m_register_info_p[m_za_regnum_collection[0]].byte_offset;
+}
+
+uint32_t RegisterInfoPOSIX_arm64::GetSMEOffset() const {
+  return m_register_info_p[m_sme_regnum_collection[0]].byte_offset;
+}

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/elf-core/RegisterUtilities.h

 //===-- RegisterUtilities.h -------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
constexpr RegsetDesc FPR_Desc[] = {
     {llvm::Triple::NetBSD, llvm::Triple::x86_64, NETBSD::AMD64::NT_FPREGS},
     {llvm::Triple::OpenBSD, llvm::Triple::UnknownArch, OPENBSD::NT_FPREGS},
 };
 
 constexpr RegsetDesc AARCH64_SVE_Desc[] = {
     {llvm::Triple::Linux, llvm::Triple::aarch64, llvm::ELF::NT_ARM_SVE},
 };
 
+constexpr RegsetDesc AARCH64_ZA_Desc[] = {
+    {llvm::Triple::Linux, llvm::Triple::aarch64, llvm::ELF::NT_ARM_ZA},
+};
+
 constexpr RegsetDesc AARCH64_PAC_Desc[] = {
     {llvm::Triple::Linux, llvm::Triple::aarch64, llvm::ELF::NT_ARM_PAC_MASK},
 };
 
 constexpr RegsetDesc AARCH64_TLS_Desc[] = {
     {llvm::Triple::Linux, llvm::Triple::aarch64, llvm::ELF::NT_ARM_TLS},
 };
 

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/gdb-remote/GDBRemoteRegisterContext.h

 //===-- GDBRemoteRegisterContext.h ------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 

 
 class GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfo final : public DynamicRegisterInfo {
 public:
   GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfo() : DynamicRegisterInfo() {}
 
   ~GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfo() override = default;
 
   void UpdateARM64SVERegistersInfos(uint64_t vg);
+  void UpdateARM64SMERegistersInfos(uint64_t vg);
 };
 
 class GDBRemoteRegisterContext : public RegisterContext {
 public:
   GDBRemoteRegisterContext(ThreadGDBRemote &thread, uint32_t concrete_frame_idx,
                            GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfoSP reg_info_sp,
                            bool read_all_at_once, bool write_all_at_once);
 
public:
   bool ReadAllRegisterValues(RegisterCheckpoint &reg_checkpoint) override;
 
   bool
   WriteAllRegisterValues(const RegisterCheckpoint &reg_checkpoint) override;
 
   uint32_t ConvertRegisterKindToRegisterNumber(lldb::RegisterKind kind,
                                                uint32_t num) override;
 
-  bool AArch64SVEReconfigure();
+  void AArch64SVEReconfigure();
+
+  void AArch64SMEReconfigure();
 
 protected:
   friend class ThreadGDBRemote;
 
   bool ReadRegisterBytes(const RegisterInfo *reg_info);
 
   bool WriteRegisterBytes(const RegisterInfo *reg_info, DataExtractor &data,
                           uint32_t data_offset);

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/gdb-remote/GDBRemoteRegisterContext.cpp

 //===-- GDBRemoteRegisterContext.cpp --------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
bool GDBRemoteRegisterContext::WriteRegisterBytes(const RegisterInfo *reg_info,
 
   // Grab a pointer to where we are going to put this register
   uint8_t *dst = const_cast<uint8_t *>(
       m_reg_data.PeekData(reg_info->byte_offset, reg_info->byte_size));
 
   if (dst == nullptr)
     return false;
 
-  // Code below is specific to AArch64 target in SVE state
+  // Code below is specific to AArch64 target in SVE or SMEstate
   // If vector granule (vg) register is being written then thread's
   // register context reconfiguration is triggered on success.
-  bool do_reconfigure_arm64_sve = false;
+  // We do not allow writes to SVG so it is not mentioned here.
   const ArchSpec &arch = process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture();
-  if (arch.IsValid() && arch.GetTriple().isAArch64())
-    if (strcmp(reg_info->name, "vg") == 0)
-      do_reconfigure_arm64_sve = true;
+  bool do_reconfigure_arm64_sve = arch.IsValid() &&
+                                  arch.GetTriple().isAArch64() &&
+                                  (strcmp(reg_info->name, "vg") == 0);
 
   if (data.CopyByteOrderedData(data_offset,                // src offset
                                reg_info->byte_size,        // src length
                                dst,                        // dst
                                reg_info->byte_size,        // dst length
                                m_reg_data.GetByteOrder())) // dst byte order
   {
     GDBRemoteClientBase::Lock lock(gdb_comm);
     if (lock) {
       if (m_write_all_at_once) {
         // Invalidate all register values
         InvalidateIfNeeded(true);
 
         // Set all registers in one packet
         if (gdb_comm.WriteAllRegisters(
                 m_thread.GetProtocolID(),
                 {m_reg_data.GetDataStart(), size_t(m_reg_data.GetByteSize())}))
 
         {
-          SetAllRegisterValid(false);
-
-          if (do_reconfigure_arm64_sve)
+          if (do_reconfigure_arm64_sve) {
             AArch64SVEReconfigure();
+            AArch64SMEReconfigure();
+          }
+
+          InvalidateAllRegisters();
 
           return true;
         }
       } else {
         bool success = true;
 
         if (reg_info->value_regs) {
           // This register is part of another register. In this case we read
if (lock) {
               success = false;
             else
               success = SetPrimordialRegister(value_reg_info, gdb_comm);
           }
         } else {
           // This is an actual register, write it
           success = SetPrimordialRegister(reg_info, gdb_comm);
 
-          if (success && do_reconfigure_arm64_sve)
+          if (success && do_reconfigure_arm64_sve) {
             AArch64SVEReconfigure();
+            AArch64SMEReconfigure();
+            InvalidateAllRegisters();
+          }
         }
 
         // Check if writing this register will invalidate any other register
         // values? If so, invalidate them
         if (reg_info->invalidate_regs) {
           for (uint32_t idx = 0, reg = reg_info->invalidate_regs[0];
                reg != LLDB_INVALID_REGNUM;
                reg = reg_info->invalidate_regs[++idx])
bool GDBRemoteRegisterContext::WriteAllRegisterValues(
   return false;
 }
 
 uint32_t GDBRemoteRegisterContext::ConvertRegisterKindToRegisterNumber(
     lldb::RegisterKind kind, uint32_t num) {
   return m_reg_info_sp->ConvertRegisterKindToRegisterNumber(kind, num);
 }
 
-bool GDBRemoteRegisterContext::AArch64SVEReconfigure() {
-  if (!m_reg_info_sp)
-    return false;
-
+void GDBRemoteRegisterContext::AArch64SVEReconfigure() {
+  assert(m_reg_info_sp);
   const RegisterInfo *reg_info = m_reg_info_sp->GetRegisterInfo("vg");
-  if (!reg_info)
-    return false;
+  assert(reg_info);
 
   uint64_t fail_value = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
   uint32_t vg_reg_num = reg_info->kinds[eRegisterKindLLDB];
   uint64_t vg_reg_value = ReadRegisterAsUnsigned(vg_reg_num, fail_value);
 
   if (vg_reg_value == fail_value || vg_reg_value > 32)
-    return false;
+    return;
 
   reg_info = m_reg_info_sp->GetRegisterInfo("p0");
   // Predicate registers have 1 bit per byte in the vector so their size is
   // VL / 8. VG is in units of 8 bytes already, so if the size of p0 == VG
   // already, we do not have to reconfigure.
   if (!reg_info || vg_reg_value == reg_info->byte_size)
-    return false;
+    return;
 
   m_reg_info_sp->UpdateARM64SVERegistersInfos(vg_reg_value);
   // Make a heap based buffer that is big enough to store all registers
   m_reg_data.SetData(std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(
       m_reg_info_sp->GetRegisterDataByteSize(), 0));
   m_reg_data.SetByteOrder(GetByteOrder());
+}
 
-  InvalidateAllRegisters();
+void GDBRemoteRegisterContext::AArch64SMEReconfigure() {
+  assert(m_reg_info_sp);
+  const RegisterInfo *reg_info = m_reg_info_sp->GetRegisterInfo("svg");
+  // Target does not have SME, nothing for us to reconfigure.
+  if (!reg_info)
+    return;
 
-  return true;
+  uint64_t fail_value = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+  uint32_t svg_reg_num = reg_info->kinds[eRegisterKindLLDB];
+  uint64_t svg_reg_value = ReadRegisterAsUnsigned(svg_reg_num, fail_value);
+
+  if (svg_reg_value == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || svg_reg_value > 32)
+    return;
+
+  m_reg_info_sp->UpdateARM64SMERegistersInfos(svg_reg_value);
+  // Make a heap based buffer that is big enough to store all registers
+  m_reg_data.SetData(std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(
+      m_reg_info_sp->GetRegisterDataByteSize(), 0));
+  m_reg_data.SetByteOrder(GetByteOrder());
 }
 
 void GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfo::UpdateARM64SVERegistersInfos(uint64_t vg) {
   // SVE Z register size is vg x 8 bytes.
   uint32_t z_reg_byte_size = vg * 8;
 
   // SVE vector length has changed, accordingly set size of Z, P and FFR
   // registers. Also invalidate register offsets it will be recalculated
   // after SVE register size update.
   for (auto &reg : m_regs) {
     if (reg.value_regs == nullptr) {
       if (reg.name[0] == 'z' && isdigit(reg.name[1]))
         reg.byte_size = z_reg_byte_size;
       else if (reg.name[0] == 'p' && isdigit(reg.name[1]))
         reg.byte_size = vg;
       else if (strcmp(reg.name, "ffr") == 0)
         reg.byte_size = vg;
     }
     reg.byte_offset = LLDB_INVALID_INDEX32;
   }
 
   // Re-calculate register offsets
   ConfigureOffsets();
 }
+
+void GDBRemoteDynamicRegisterInfo::UpdateARM64SMERegistersInfos(uint64_t svg) {
+  for (auto &reg : m_regs) {
+    if (strcmp(reg.name, "za") == 0) {
+      // ZA is a register with size (svg*8) * (svg*8). A square essentially.
+      reg.byte_size = (svg * 8) * (svg * 8);
+    }
+    reg.byte_offset = LLDB_INVALID_INDEX32;
+  }
+
+  ConfigureOffsets();
+}

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/gdb-remote/ProcessGDBRemote.cpp

 //===-- ProcessGDBRemote.cpp ----------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
for (const auto &pair : expedited_register_map) {
     WritableDataBufferSP buffer_sp(
         new DataBufferHeap(reg_value_extractor.GetStringRef().size() / 2, 0));
     reg_value_extractor.GetHexBytes(buffer_sp->GetData(), '\xcc');
     uint32_t lldb_regnum = gdb_reg_ctx_sp->ConvertRegisterKindToRegisterNumber(
         eRegisterKindProcessPlugin, pair.first);
     gdb_thread->PrivateSetRegisterValue(lldb_regnum, buffer_sp->GetData());
   }
 
-  // AArch64 SVE specific code below calls AArch64SVEReconfigure to update
-  // SVE register sizes and offsets if value of VG register has changed
-  // since last stop.
+  // AArch64 SVE/SME specific code below updates SVE and ZA register sizes and
+  // offsets if value of VG or SVG registers has changed since last stop.
   const ArchSpec &arch = GetTarget().GetArchitecture();
   if (arch.IsValid() && arch.GetTriple().isAArch64()) {
     GDBRemoteRegisterContext *reg_ctx_sp =
         static_cast<GDBRemoteRegisterContext *>(
             gdb_thread->GetRegisterContext().get());
 
-    if (reg_ctx_sp)
+    if (reg_ctx_sp) {
       reg_ctx_sp->AArch64SVEReconfigure();
+      reg_ctx_sp->AArch64SMEReconfigure();
+      reg_ctx_sp->InvalidateAllRegisters();
+    }
   }
 
   thread_sp->SetName(thread_name.empty() ? nullptr : thread_name.c_str());
 
   gdb_thread->SetThreadDispatchQAddr(thread_dispatch_qaddr);
   // Check if the GDB server was able to provide the queue name, kind and serial
   // number
   if (queue_vars_valid)

lldb/source/Target/DynamicRegisterInfo.cpp

 //===-- DynamicRegisterInfo.cpp -------------------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
void DynamicRegisterInfo::Finalize(const ArchSpec &arch) {
   }
 
   // At this stage call ConfigureOffsets to calculate register offsets for
   // targets supporting dynamic offset calculation. It also calculates
   // total byte size of register data.
   ConfigureOffsets();
 
   // Check if register info is reconfigurable
-  // AArch64 SVE register set has configurable register sizes
+  // AArch64 SVE register set has configurable register sizes, as does the ZA
+  // register that SME added (the streaming state of SME reuses the SVE state).
   if (arch.GetTriple().isAArch64()) {
     for (const auto &reg : m_regs) {
-      if (strcmp(reg.name, "vg") == 0) {
+      if ((strcmp(reg.name, "vg") == 0) || (strcmp(reg.name, "svg") == 0)) {
         m_is_reconfigurable = true;
         break;
       }
     }
   }
 }
 
 void DynamicRegisterInfo::ConfigureOffsets() {

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_dynamic_regset/TestArm64DynamicRegsets.py

def sve_regs_read_dynamic(self, sve_registers):
             self.expect("register read p%i" % (i), substrs=[p_regs_value])
 
         p_regs_value = (
             "{" + " ".join("0x{:02x}".format(8) for _ in range(p_reg_size)) + "}"
         )
         self.runCmd("register write ffr " + "'" + p_regs_value + "'")
         self.expect("register read ffr", substrs=[p_regs_value])
 
-    @no_debug_info_test
-    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
-    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
-    def test_aarch64_dynamic_regset_config(self):
-        """Test AArch64 Dynamic Register sets configuration."""
+
+    def setup_register_config_test(self, run_args=None):
         self.build()
         self.line = line_number("main.c", "// Set a break point here.")
 
         exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
+        if run_args is not None:
+            self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args " + run_args)
         self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
 
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(
             self, "main.c", self.line, num_expected_locations=1
         )
         self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
 
         self.expect(
             "thread backtrace",
             STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
             substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint 1."],
         )
 
         target = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget()
         process = target.GetProcess()
         thread = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0)
         currentFrame = thread.GetFrameAtIndex(0)
 
-        for registerSet in currentFrame.GetRegisters():
+        return currentFrame.GetRegisters()
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_aarch64_dynamic_regset_config(self):
+        """Test AArch64 Dynamic Register sets configuration."""
+        register_sets = self.setup_register_config_test()
+
+        for registerSet in register_sets:
             if "Scalable Vector Extension Registers" in registerSet.GetName():
                 self.assertTrue(
                     self.isAArch64SVE(),
                     "LLDB enabled AArch64 SVE register set when it was disabled by target.",
                 )
                 self.sve_regs_read_dynamic(registerSet)
             if "MTE Control Register" in registerSet.GetName():
                 self.assertTrue(
                     self.isAArch64MTE(),
                     "LLDB enabled AArch64 MTE register set when it was disabled by target.",
                 )
                 self.runCmd("register write mte_ctrl 0x7fff9")
                 self.expect(
                     "register read mte_ctrl", substrs=["mte_ctrl = 0x000000000007fff9"]
                 )
             if "Pointer Authentication Registers" in registerSet.GetName():
                 self.assertTrue(
                     self.isAArch64PAuth(),
                     "LLDB enabled AArch64 Pointer Authentication register set when it was disabled by target.",
                 )
                 self.expect("register read data_mask", substrs=["data_mask = 0x"])
                 self.expect("register read code_mask", substrs=["code_mask = 0x"])
+            if "Scalable Matrix Extension Registers" in registerSet.GetName():
+                self.assertTrue(self.isAArch64SME(),
+                    "LLDB Enabled SME register set when it was disabled by target")
+            if "Scalable Matrix Array Storage Registers" in registerSet.GetName():
+                self.assertTrue(self.isAArch64SME(),
+                    "LLDB Enabled SME array storage register set when it was disabled by target.")
+
+    def make_za_value(self, vl, generator):
+        # Generate a vector value string "{0x00 0x01....}".
+        rows = []
+        for row in range(vl):
+            byte = "0x{:02x}".format(generator(row))
+            rows.append(" ".join([byte]*vl))
+        return "{" + " ".join(rows) + "}"
 
     @no_debug_info_test
     @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
     @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
     def test_aarch64_dynamic_regset_config_sme(self):
         """Test AArch64 Dynamic Register sets configuration, but only SME
            registers."""
         if not self.isAArch64SME():
             self.skipTest("SME must be present.")
 
-        self.build()
-        self.line = line_number("main.c", "// Set a break point here.")
-
-        exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
-        self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
-
-        lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(
-            self, "main.c", self.line, num_expected_locations=1
-        )
-        self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args sme")
-        self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
-
-        self.expect(
-            "thread backtrace",
-            STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
-            substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint 1."],
-        )
-
-        target = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget()
-        process = target.GetProcess()
-        thread = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0)
-        currentFrame = thread.GetFrameAtIndex(0)
-
-        register_sets = currentFrame.GetRegisters()
+        register_sets = self.setup_register_config_test("sme")
 
         ssve_registers = register_sets.GetFirstValueByName(
             "Scalable Vector Extension Registers")
         self.assertTrue(ssve_registers.IsValid())
         self.sve_regs_read_dynamic(ssve_registers)
+
+        za_register = register_sets.GetFirstValueByName(
+            "Scalable Matrix Array Storage Registers")
+        self.assertTrue(za_register.IsValid())
+        vg = ssve_registers.GetChildMemberWithName("vg").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+        vl = vg * 8
+        # When first enabled it is all 0s.
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[self.make_za_value(vl, lambda r: 0)])
+        za_value = self.make_za_value(vl, lambda r:r+1)
+        self.runCmd("register write za '{}'".format(za_value))
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[za_value])
+
+        # SVG should match VG because we're in streaming mode.
+        sme_registers = register_sets.GetFirstValueByName(
+            "Scalable Matrix Extension Registers")
+        self.assertTrue(sme_registers.IsValid())
+        svg = sme_registers.GetChildMemberWithName("svg").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+        self.assertEqual(vg, svg)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_aarch64_dynamic_regset_config_sme_za_disabled(self):
+        """Test that ZA shows as 0s when disabled and can be enabled by writing
+           to it."""
+        if not self.isAArch64SME():
+            self.skipTest("SME must be present.")
+
+        # No argument, so ZA will be disabled when we break.
+        register_sets = self.setup_register_config_test()
+
+        # vg is the non-streaming vg as we are in non-streaming mode, so we need
+        # to use svg.
+        sme_registers = register_sets.GetFirstValueByName(
+            "Scalable Matrix Extension Registers")
+        self.assertTrue(sme_registers.IsValid())
+        svg = sme_registers.GetChildMemberWithName("svg").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+
+        za_register = register_sets.GetFirstValueByName(
+            "Scalable Matrix Array Storage Registers")
+        self.assertTrue(za_register.IsValid())
+        svl = svg * 8
+        # A disabled ZA is shown as all 0s.
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[self.make_za_value(svl, lambda r: 0)])
+        za_value = self.make_za_value(svl, lambda r:r+1)
+        # Writing to it enables ZA, so the value should be there when we read
+        # it back.
+        self.runCmd("register write za '{}'".format(za_value))
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[za_value])

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_sve_registers/rw_access_dynamic_resize/TestSVEThreadedDynamic.py

def check_sve_registers(self, vg_test_value):
         for i in range(16):
             p_regs_value = (
                 "{" + " ".join(p_value_bytes[i % 5] for _ in range(p_reg_size)) + "}"
             )
             self.expect("register read " + "p%i" % (i), substrs=[p_regs_value])
 
         self.expect("register read ffr", substrs=[p_regs_value])
 
+    def build_for_mode(self, mode):
+        cflags = "-march=armv8-a+sve -lpthread"
+        if mode == Mode.SSVE:
+            cflags += " -DUSE_SSVE"
+        self.build(dictionary={"CFLAGS_EXTRAS": cflags})
+
     def run_sve_test(self, mode):
         if (mode == Mode.SVE) and not self.isAArch64SVE():
             self.skipTest("SVE registers must be supported.")
 
         if (mode == Mode.SSVE) and not self.isAArch64SME():
             self.skipTest("Streaming SVE registers must be supported.")
 
-        cflags = "-march=armv8-a+sve -lpthread"
-        if mode == Mode.SSVE:
-            cflags += " -DUSE_SSVE"
-        self.build(dictionary={"CFLAGS_EXTRAS": cflags})
+        self.build_for_mode(mode)
 
-        self.build()
         supported_vg = self.get_supported_vg()
 
         if not (2 in supported_vg and 4 in supported_vg):
             self.skipTest("Not all required SVE vector lengths are supported.")
 
         main_thread_stop_line = line_number("main.c", "// Break in main thread")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", main_thread_stop_line)
 
def test_sve_registers_dynamic_config(self):
         self.run_sve_test(Mode.SVE)
 
     @no_debug_info_test
     @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
     @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
     def test_ssve_registers_dynamic_config(self):
         """Test AArch64 SSVE registers multi-threaded dynamic resize."""
         self.run_sve_test(Mode.SSVE)
+
+    def setup_svg_test(self, mode):
+        # Even when running in SVE mode, we need access to SVG for these tests.
+        if not self.isAArch64SME():
+            self.skipTest("Streaming SVE registers must be present.")
+
+        self.build_for_mode(mode)
+
+        supported_vg = self.get_supported_vg()
+
+        main_thread_stop_line = line_number("main.c", "// Break in main thread")
+        lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", main_thread_stop_line)
+
+        self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
+
+        self.expect(
+            "thread info 1",
+            STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
+            substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint"],
+        )
+
+        target = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget()
+        process = target.GetProcess()
+
+        return process, supported_vg
+
+    def read_reg(self, process, regset, reg):
+        registerSets = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0).GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetRegisters()
+        sve_registers = registerSets.GetFirstValueByName(regset)
+        return sve_registers.GetChildMemberWithName(reg).GetValueAsUnsigned()
+
+    def read_vg(self, process):
+        return self.read_reg(process, "Scalable Vector Extension Registers", "vg")
+
+    def read_svg(self, process):
+        return self.read_reg(process, "Scalable Matrix Extension Registers", "svg")
+
+    def do_svg_test(self, process, vgs, expected_svgs):
+        for vg, svg in zip(vgs, expected_svgs):
+            self.runCmd("register write vg {}".format(vg))
+            self.assertEqual(svg, self.read_svg(process))
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_svg_sve_mode(self):
+        """ When in SVE mode, svg should remain constant as we change vg. """
+        process, supported_vg = self.setup_svg_test(Mode.SVE)
+        svg = self.read_svg(process)
+        self.do_svg_test(process, supported_vg, [svg]*len(supported_vg))
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_svg_ssve_mode(self):
+        """ When in SSVE mode, changing vg should change svg to the same value. """
+        process, supported_vg = self.setup_svg_test(Mode.SSVE)
+        self.do_svg_test(process, supported_vg, supported_vg)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_sme_not_present(self):
+        """ When there is no SME, we should not show the SME register sets."""
+        if self.isAArch64SME():
+            self.skipTest("Streaming SVE registers must not be present.")
+
+        self.build_for_mode(Mode.SVE)
+
+        exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
+        self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
+
+        # This test may run on a non-sve system, but we'll stop before any
+        # SVE instruction would be run.
+        self.runCmd("b main")
+        self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
+
+        self.expect(
+            "thread info 1",
+            STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
+            substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint"],
+        )
+
+        target = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget()
+        process = target.GetProcess()
+
+        registerSets = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0).GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetRegisters()
+        sme_registers = registerSets.GetFirstValueByName("Scalable Matrix Extension Registers")
+        self.assertFalse(sme_registers.IsValid())
+
+        za = registerSets.GetFirstValueByName("Scalable Matrix Array Storage Registers")
+        self.assertFalse(za.IsValid())

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_dynamic_resize/Makefile

+C_SOURCES := main.c
+
+CFLAGS_EXTRAS := -march=armv8-a+sve+sme -lpthread
+
+include Makefile.rules

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_dynamic_resize/TestZAThreadedDynamic.py

 """
-Test the AArch64 SVE and Streaming SVE (SSVE) registers dynamic resize with
+Test the AArch64 SME Array Storage (ZA) register dynamic resize with
 multiple threads.
-
-This test assumes a minimum supported vector length (VL) of 256 bits
-and will test 512 bits if possible. We refer to "vg" which is the
-register shown in lldb. This is in units of 64 bits. 256 bit VL is
-the same as a vg of 4.
 """
 
 from enum import Enum
 import lldb
 from lldbsuite.test.decorators import *
 from lldbsuite.test.lldbtest import *
 from lldbsuite.test import lldbutil
 
 
-class Mode(Enum):
-    SVE = 0
-    SSVE = 1
-
-
-class RegisterCommandsTestCase(TestBase):
+class AArch64ZAThreadedTestCase(TestBase):
     def get_supported_vg(self):
-        # Changing VL trashes the register state, so we need to run the program
-        # just to test this. Then run it again for the test.
         exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
         self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
 
         main_thread_stop_line = line_number("main.c", "// Break in main thread")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", main_thread_stop_line)
 
+        self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args 0")
         self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
 
         self.expect(
             "thread info 1",
             STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
             substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint"],
         )
 
-        # Write back the current vg to confirm read/write works at all.
         current_vg = self.match("register read vg", ["(0x[0-9]+)"])
         self.assertTrue(current_vg is not None)
         self.expect("register write vg {}".format(current_vg.group()))
 
         # Aka 128, 256 and 512 bit.
         supported_vg = []
         for vg in [2, 4, 8]:
             # This could mask other errors but writing vg is tested elsewhere
             # so we assume the hardware rejected the value.
             self.runCmd("register write vg {}".format(vg), check=False)
             if not self.res.GetError():
                 supported_vg.append(vg)
 
         self.runCmd("breakpoint delete 1")
         self.runCmd("continue")
 
         return supported_vg
 
-    def check_sve_registers(self, vg_test_value):
-        z_reg_size = vg_test_value * 8
-        p_reg_size = int(z_reg_size / 8)
-
-        p_value_bytes = ["0xff", "0x55", "0x11", "0x01", "0x00"]
-
-        for i in range(32):
-            s_reg_value = "s%i = 0x" % (i) + "".join(
-                "{:02x}".format(i + 1) for _ in range(4)
-            )
-
-            d_reg_value = "d%i = 0x" % (i) + "".join(
-                "{:02x}".format(i + 1) for _ in range(8)
-            )
-
-            v_reg_value = "v%i = 0x" % (i) + "".join(
-                "{:02x}".format(i + 1) for _ in range(16)
-            )
-
-            z_reg_value = (
-                "{"
-                + " ".join("0x{:02x}".format(i + 1) for _ in range(z_reg_size))
-                + "}"
-            )
-
-            self.expect("register read -f hex " + "s%i" % (i), substrs=[s_reg_value])
-
-            self.expect("register read -f hex " + "d%i" % (i), substrs=[d_reg_value])
-
-            self.expect("register read -f hex " + "v%i" % (i), substrs=[v_reg_value])
+    def gen_za_value(self, svg, value_generator):
+        svl = svg*8
 
-            self.expect("register read " + "z%i" % (i), substrs=[z_reg_value])
-
-        for i in range(16):
-            p_regs_value = (
-                "{" + " ".join(p_value_bytes[i % 5] for _ in range(p_reg_size)) + "}"
-            )
-            self.expect("register read " + "p%i" % (i), substrs=[p_regs_value])
-
-        self.expect("register read ffr", substrs=[p_regs_value])
-
-    def run_sve_test(self, mode):
-        if (mode == Mode.SVE) and not self.isAArch64SVE():
-            self.skipTest("SVE registers must be supported.")
-
-        if (mode == Mode.SSVE) and not self.isAArch64SME():
-            self.skipTest("Streaming SVE registers must be supported.")
-
-        cflags = "-march=armv8-a+sve -lpthread"
-        if mode == Mode.SSVE:
-            cflags += " -DUSE_SSVE"
-        self.build(dictionary={"CFLAGS_EXTRAS": cflags})
+        rows = []
+        for row in range(svl):
+            byte = "0x{:02x}".format(value_generator(row))
+            rows.append(" ".join([byte]*svl))
+
+        return "{" + " ".join(rows) + "}"
+
+    def check_za_register(self, svg, value_offset):
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[
+            self.gen_za_value(svg, lambda r: r+value_offset)])
+
+    def check_disabled_za_register(self, svg):
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[
+            self.gen_za_value(svg, lambda r: 0)])
+
+    def za_test_impl(self, enable_za):
+        if not self.isAArch64SME():
+            self.skipTest("SME must be present.")
 
         self.build()
         supported_vg = self.get_supported_vg()
 
+        self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args {}".format(
+            '1' if enable_za else '0'))
+
         if not (2 in supported_vg and 4 in supported_vg):
-            self.skipTest("Not all required SVE vector lengths are supported.")
+            self.skipTest("Not all required streaming vector lengths are supported.")
 
         main_thread_stop_line = line_number("main.c", "// Break in main thread")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", main_thread_stop_line)
 
         thX_break_line1 = line_number("main.c", "// Thread X breakpoint 1")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", thX_break_line1)
 
         thX_break_line2 = line_number("main.c", "// Thread X breakpoint 2")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", thX_break_line2)
 
         thY_break_line1 = line_number("main.c", "// Thread Y breakpoint 1")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", thY_break_line1)
 
         thY_break_line2 = line_number("main.c", "// Thread Y breakpoint 2")
         lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", thY_break_line2)
 
         self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
 
-        process = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget().GetProcess()
-
         self.expect(
             "thread info 1",
             STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
             substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint"],
         )
 
         if 8 in supported_vg:
-            self.check_sve_registers(8)
+            if enable_za:
+                self.check_za_register(8, 1)
             else:
-            self.check_sve_registers(4)
+                self.check_disabled_za_register(8)
+        else:
+            if enable_za:
+                self.check_za_register(4, 1)
+            else:
+                self.check_disabled_za_register(4)
 
         self.runCmd("process continue", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
 
+        process = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget().GetProcess()
         for idx in range(1, process.GetNumThreads()):
             thread = process.GetThreadAtIndex(idx)
             if thread.GetStopReason() != lldb.eStopReasonBreakpoint:
                 self.runCmd("thread continue %d" % (idx + 1))
                 self.assertEqual(thread.GetStopReason(), lldb.eStopReasonBreakpoint)
 
             stopped_at_line_number = thread.GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetLineEntry().GetLine()
 
             if stopped_at_line_number == thX_break_line1:
                 self.runCmd("thread select %d" % (idx + 1))
-                self.check_sve_registers(4)
+                self.check_za_register(4, 2)
                 self.runCmd("register write vg 2")
 
             elif stopped_at_line_number == thY_break_line1:
                 self.runCmd("thread select %d" % (idx + 1))
-                self.check_sve_registers(2)
+                self.check_za_register(2, 3)
                 self.runCmd("register write vg 4")
 
         self.runCmd("thread continue 2")
         self.runCmd("thread continue 3")
 
         for idx in range(1, process.GetNumThreads()):
             thread = process.GetThreadAtIndex(idx)
             self.assertEqual(thread.GetStopReason(), lldb.eStopReasonBreakpoint)
 
             stopped_at_line_number = thread.GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetLineEntry().GetLine()
 
             if stopped_at_line_number == thX_break_line2:
                 self.runCmd("thread select %d" % (idx + 1))
-                self.check_sve_registers(2)
+                self.check_za_register(2, 2)
 
             elif stopped_at_line_number == thY_break_line2:
                 self.runCmd("thread select %d" % (idx + 1))
-                self.check_sve_registers(4)
+                self.check_za_register(4, 3)
 
     @no_debug_info_test
     @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
     @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
-    def test_sve_registers_dynamic_config(self):
-        """Test AArch64 SVE registers multi-threaded dynamic resize."""
-        self.run_sve_test(Mode.SVE)
+    def test_za_register_dynamic_config_main_enabled(self):
+        """ Test multiple threads resizing ZA, with the main thread's ZA
+            enabled."""
+        self.za_test_impl(True)
 
     @no_debug_info_test
     @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
     @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
-    def test_ssve_registers_dynamic_config(self):
-        """Test AArch64 SSVE registers multi-threaded dynamic resize."""
-        self.run_sve_test(Mode.SSVE)
+    def test_za_register_dynamic_config_main_disabled(self):
+        """ Test multiple threads resizing ZA, with the main thread's ZA
+            disabled."""
+        self.za_test_impl(False)
 No newline at end of file

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_dynamic_resize/main.c

+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+// Important notes for this test:
+// * Making a syscall will disable streaming mode.
+// * LLDB writing to vg while in streaming mode will disable ZA
+//   (this is just how ptrace works).
+// * Writing to an inactive ZA produces a SIGILL.
+
+#ifndef PR_SME_SET_VL
+#define PR_SME_SET_VL 63
+#endif
+
+#define SM_INST(c) asm volatile("msr s0_3_c4_c" #c "_3, xzr")
+#define SMSTART_SM SM_INST(3)
+#define SMSTART_ZA SM_INST(5)
+
+void set_za_register(int svl, int value_offset) {
+#define MAX_VL_BYTES 256
+  uint8_t data[MAX_VL_BYTES];
+
+  // ldr za will actually wrap the selected vector row, by the number of rows
+  // you have. So setting one that didn't exist would actually set one that did.
+  // That's why we need the streaming vector length here.
+  for (int i = 0; i < svl; ++i) {
+    memset(data, i + value_offset, MAX_VL_BYTES);
+    // Each one of these loads a VL sized row of ZA.
+    asm volatile("mov w12, %w0\n\t"
+                 "ldr za[w12, 0], [%1]\n\t" ::"r"(i),
+                 "r"(&data)
+                 : "w12");
+  }
+}
+
+// These are used to make sure we only break in each thread once both of the
+// threads have been started. Otherwise when the test does "process continue"
+// it could stop in one thread and wait forever for the other one to start.
+volatile bool threadX_ready = false;
+volatile bool threadY_ready = false;
+
+void *threadX_func(void *x_arg) {
+  threadX_ready = true;
+  while (!threadY_ready) {
+  }
+
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, 8 * 4);
+  SMSTART_SM;
+  SMSTART_ZA;
+  set_za_register(8 * 4, 2);
+  SMSTART_ZA; // Thread X breakpoint 1
+  set_za_register(8 * 2, 2);
+  return NULL; // Thread X breakpoint 2
+}
+
+void *threadY_func(void *y_arg) {
+  threadY_ready = true;
+  while (!threadX_ready) {
+  }
+
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, 8 * 2);
+  SMSTART_SM;
+  SMSTART_ZA;
+  set_za_register(8 * 2, 3);
+  SMSTART_ZA; // Thread Y breakpoint 1
+  set_za_register(8 * 4, 3);
+  return NULL; // Thread Y breakpoint 2
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  // Expecting argument to tell us whether to enable ZA on the main thread.
+  if (argc != 2)
+    return 1;
+
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, 8 * 8);
+  SMSTART_SM;
+
+  if (argv[1][0] == '1') {
+    SMSTART_ZA;
+    set_za_register(8 * 8, 1);
+  }
+  // else we do not enable ZA and lldb will show 0s for it.
+
+  pthread_t x_thread;
+  if (pthread_create(&x_thread, NULL, threadX_func, 0)) // Break in main thread
+    return 1;
+
+  pthread_t y_thread;
+  if (pthread_create(&y_thread, NULL, threadY_func, 0))
+    return 1;
+
+  if (pthread_join(x_thread, NULL))
+    return 2;
+
+  if (pthread_join(y_thread, NULL))
+    return 2;
+
+  return 0;
+}

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_save_restore/Makefile

+C_SOURCES := main.c
+
+CFLAGS_EXTRAS := -march=armv8-a+sve+sme
+
+include Makefile.rules

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_save_restore/TestZARegisterSaveRestore.py

+"""
+Test the AArch64 SME ZA register is saved and restored around expressions.
+
+This attempts to cover expressions that change the following:
+* ZA enabled or not.
+* Streaming mode or not.
+* Streaming vector length (increasing and decreasing).
+* Some combintations of the above.
+"""
+
+from enum import IntEnum
+import lldb
+from lldbsuite.test.decorators import *
+from lldbsuite.test.lldbtest import *
+from lldbsuite.test import lldbutil
+
+
+# These enum values match the flag values used in the test program.
+class Mode(IntEnum):
+    SVE = 0
+    SSVE = 1
+
+
+class ZA(IntEnum):
+    Disabled = 0
+    Enabled = 1
+
+
+class AArch64ZATestCase(TestBase):
+    def get_supported_svg(self):
+        # Always build this probe program to start as streaming SVE.
+        # We will read/write "vg" here but since we are in streaming mode "svg"
+        # is really what we are writing ("svg" is a read only pseudo).
+        self.build()
+
+        exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
+        self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
+        # Enter streaming mode, don't enable ZA, start_vl and other_vl don't
+        # matter here.
+        self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args 1 0 0 0")
+
+        stop_line = line_number("main.c", "// Set a break point here.")
+        lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(self, "main.c", stop_line,
+                                                num_expected_locations=1)
+
+        self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
+
+        self.expect(
+            "thread info 1",
+            STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
+            substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint"],
+        )
+
+        # Write back the current vg to confirm read/write works at all.
+        current_svg = self.match("register read vg", ["(0x[0-9]+)"])
+        self.assertTrue(current_svg is not None)
+        self.expect("register write vg {}".format(current_svg.group()))
+
+        # Aka 128, 256 and 512 bit.
+        supported_svg = []
+        for svg in [2, 4, 8]:
+            # This could mask other errors but writing vg is tested elsewhere
+            # so we assume the hardware rejected the value.
+            self.runCmd("register write vg {}".format(svg), check=False)
+            if not self.res.GetError():
+                supported_svg.append(svg)
+
+        self.runCmd("breakpoint delete 1")
+        self.runCmd("continue")
+
+        return supported_svg
+
+    def read_vg(self):
+        process = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget().GetProcess()
+        registerSets = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0).GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetRegisters()
+        sve_registers = registerSets.GetFirstValueByName("Scalable Vector Extension Registers")
+        return sve_registers.GetChildMemberWithName("vg").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+
+    def read_svg(self):
+        process = self.dbg.GetSelectedTarget().GetProcess()
+        registerSets = process.GetThreadAtIndex(0).GetFrameAtIndex(0).GetRegisters()
+        sve_registers = registerSets.GetFirstValueByName("Scalable Matrix Extension Registers")
+        return sve_registers.GetChildMemberWithName("svg").GetValueAsUnsigned()
+
+    def make_za_value(self, vl, generator):
+        # Generate a vector value string "{0x00 0x01....}".
+        rows = []
+        for row in range(vl):
+            byte = "0x{:02x}".format(generator(row))
+            rows.append(" ".join([byte]*vl))
+        return "{" + " ".join(rows) + "}"
+
+    def check_za(self, vl):
+        # We expect an increasing value starting at 1. Row 0=1, row 1 = 2, etc.
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[
+            self.make_za_value(vl, lambda row: row+1)])
+
+    def check_za_disabled(self, vl):
+        # When ZA is disabled, lldb will show ZA as all 0s.
+        self.expect("register read za", substrs=[
+            self.make_za_value(vl, lambda row: 0)])
+
+    def za_expr_test_impl(self, sve_mode, za_state, swap_start_vl):
+        if not self.isAArch64SME():
+            self.skipTest("SME must be present.")
+
+        supported_svg = self.get_supported_svg()
+        if len(supported_svg) < 2:
+            self.skipTest("Target must support at least 2 streaming vector lengths.")
+
+        # vg is in units of 8 bytes.
+        start_vl = supported_svg[1] * 8
+        other_vl = supported_svg[2] * 8
+
+        if swap_start_vl:
+            start_vl, other_vl = other_vl, start_vl
+
+        self.line = line_number("main.c", "// Set a break point here.")
+
+        exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
+        self.runCmd("file " + exe, CURRENT_EXECUTABLE_SET)
+        self.runCmd("settings set target.run-args {} {} {} {}".format(sve_mode,
+                    za_state, start_vl, other_vl))
+
+        lldbutil.run_break_set_by_file_and_line(
+            self, "main.c", self.line, num_expected_locations=1
+        )
+        self.runCmd("run", RUN_SUCCEEDED)
+
+        self.expect(
+            "thread backtrace",
+            STOPPED_DUE_TO_BREAKPOINT,
+            substrs=["stop reason = breakpoint 1."],
+        )
+
+        exprs = ["expr_disable_za", "expr_enable_za", "expr_start_vl",
+                 "expr_other_vl", "expr_enable_sm", "expr_disable_sm"]
+
+        # This may be the streaming or non-streaming vg. All that matters is
+        # that it is saved and restored, remaining constant throughout.
+        start_vg = self.read_vg()
+
+        # Check SVE registers to make sure that combination of scaling SVE
+        # and scaling ZA works properly. This is a brittle check, but failures
+        # are likely to be catastrophic when they do happen anyway.
+        sve_reg_names = "ffr {} {}".format(
+            " ".join(["z{}".format(n) for n in range(32)]),
+            " ".join(["p{}".format(n) for n in range(16)]))
+        self.runCmd("register read " + sve_reg_names)
+        sve_values = self.res.GetOutput()
+
+        def check_regs():
+            if za_state == ZA.Enabled:
+                self.check_za(start_vl)
+            else:
+                self.check_za_disabled(start_vl)
+
+            # svg and vg are in units of 8 bytes.
+            self.assertEqual(start_vl, self.read_svg()*8)
+            self.assertEqual(start_vg, self.read_vg())
+
+            self.expect("register read " + sve_reg_names, substrs=[sve_values])
+
+        for expr in exprs:
+            expr_cmd = "expression {}()".format(expr)
+
+            # We do this twice because there were issues in development where
+            # using data stored by a previous WriteAllRegisterValues would crash
+            # the second time around.
+            self.runCmd(expr_cmd)
+            check_regs()
+            self.runCmd(expr_cmd)
+            check_regs()
+
+        # Run them in sequence to make sure there is no state lingering between
+        # them after a restore.
+        for expr in exprs:
+            self.runCmd("expression {}()".format(expr))
+            check_regs()
+
+        for expr in reversed(exprs):
+            self.runCmd("expression {}()".format(expr))
+            check_regs()
+
+    # These tests start with the 1st supported SVL and change to the 2nd
+    # supported SVL as needed.
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_ssve_za_enabled(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SSVE, ZA.Enabled, False)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_ssve_za_disabled(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SSVE, ZA.Disabled, False)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_sve_za_enabled(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SVE, ZA.Enabled, False)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_sve_za_disabled(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SVE, ZA.Disabled, False)
+
+    # These tests start in the 2nd supported SVL and change to the 1st supported
+    # SVL as needed.
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_ssve_za_enabled_different_vl(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SSVE, ZA.Enabled, True)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_ssve_za_disabled_different_vl(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SSVE, ZA.Disabled, True)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_sve_za_enabled_different_vl(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SVE, ZA.Enabled, True)
+
+    @no_debug_info_test
+    @skipIf(archs=no_match(["aarch64"]))
+    @skipIf(oslist=no_match(["linux"]))
+    def test_za_expr_sve_za_disabled_different_vl(self):
+        self.za_expr_test_impl(Mode.SVE, ZA.Disabled, True)

lldb/test/API/commands/register/register/aarch64_za_reg/za_save_restore/main.c

+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+// Important details for this program:
+// * Making a syscall will disable streaming mode if it is active.
+// * Changing the vector length will make streaming mode and ZA inactive.
+// * ZA can be active independent of streaming mode.
+// * ZA's size is the streaming vector length squared.
+
+#ifndef PR_SME_SET_VL
+#define PR_SME_SET_VL 63
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PR_SME_GET_VL
+#define PR_SME_GET_VL 64
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PR_SME_VL_LEN_MASK
+#define PR_SME_VL_LEN_MASK 0xffff
+#endif
+
+#define SM_INST(c) asm volatile("msr s0_3_c4_c" #c "_3, xzr")
+#define SMSTART SM_INST(7)
+#define SMSTART_SM SM_INST(3)
+#define SMSTART_ZA SM_INST(5)
+#define SMSTOP SM_INST(6)
+#define SMSTOP_SM SM_INST(2)
+#define SMSTOP_ZA SM_INST(4)
+
+int start_vl = 0;
+int other_vl = 0;
+
+void write_sve_regs() {
+  // We assume the smefa64 feature is present, which allows ffr access
+  // in streaming mode.
+  asm volatile("setffr\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p0.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p1.h\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p2.s\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p3.d\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p4.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p5.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p6.h\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p7.s\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p8.d\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p9.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p10.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p11.h\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p12.s\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p13.d\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p14.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p15.b\n\t");
+
+  asm volatile("cpy  z0.b, p0/z, #1\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z1.b, p5/z, #2\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z2.b, p10/z, #3\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z3.b, p15/z, #4\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z4.b, p0/z, #5\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z5.b, p5/z, #6\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z6.b, p10/z, #7\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z7.b, p15/z, #8\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z8.b, p0/z, #9\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z9.b, p5/z, #10\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z10.b, p10/z, #11\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z11.b, p15/z, #12\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z12.b, p0/z, #13\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z13.b, p5/z, #14\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z14.b, p10/z, #15\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z15.b, p15/z, #16\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z16.b, p0/z, #17\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z17.b, p5/z, #18\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z18.b, p10/z, #19\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z19.b, p15/z, #20\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z20.b, p0/z, #21\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z21.b, p5/z, #22\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z22.b, p10/z, #23\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z23.b, p15/z, #24\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z24.b, p0/z, #25\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z25.b, p5/z, #26\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z26.b, p10/z, #27\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z27.b, p15/z, #28\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z28.b, p0/z, #29\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z29.b, p5/z, #30\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z30.b, p10/z, #31\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z31.b, p15/z, #32\n\t");
+}
+
+// Write something different so we will know if we didn't restore them
+// correctly.
+void write_sve_regs_expr() {
+  asm volatile("pfalse p0.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("wrffr p0.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p1.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p2.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p3.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p4.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p5.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p6.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p7.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p8.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p9.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p10.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p11.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p12.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p13.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("ptrue p14.b\n\t");
+  asm volatile("pfalse p15.b\n\t");
+
+  asm volatile("cpy  z0.b, p0/z, #2\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z1.b, p5/z, #3\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z2.b, p10/z, #4\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z3.b, p15/z, #5\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z4.b, p0/z, #6\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z5.b, p5/z, #7\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z6.b, p10/z, #8\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z7.b, p15/z, #9\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z8.b, p0/z, #10\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z9.b, p5/z, #11\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z10.b, p10/z, #12\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z11.b, p15/z, #13\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z12.b, p0/z, #14\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z13.b, p5/z, #15\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z14.b, p10/z, #16\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z15.b, p15/z, #17\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z16.b, p0/z, #18\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z17.b, p5/z, #19\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z18.b, p10/z, #20\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z19.b, p15/z, #21\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z20.b, p0/z, #22\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z21.b, p5/z, #23\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z22.b, p10/z, #24\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z23.b, p15/z, #25\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z24.b, p0/z, #26\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z25.b, p5/z, #27\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z26.b, p10/z, #28\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z27.b, p15/z, #29\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z28.b, p0/z, #30\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z29.b, p5/z, #31\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z30.b, p10/z, #32\n\t");
+  asm volatile("cpy  z31.b, p15/z, #33\n\t");
+}
+
+void set_za_register(int svl, int value_offset) {
+#define MAX_VL_BYTES 256
+  uint8_t data[MAX_VL_BYTES];
+
+  // ldr za will actually wrap the selected vector row, by the number of rows
+  // you have. So setting one that didn't exist would actually set one that did.
+  // That's why we need the streaming vector length here.
+  for (int i = 0; i < svl; ++i) {
+    memset(data, i + value_offset, MAX_VL_BYTES);
+    // Each one of these loads a VL sized row of ZA.
+    asm volatile("mov w12, %w0\n\t"
+                 "ldr za[w12, 0], [%1]\n\t" ::"r"(i),
+                 "r"(&data)
+                 : "w12");
+  }
+}
+
+void expr_disable_za() {
+  SMSTOP_ZA;
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+void expr_enable_za() {
+  SMSTART_ZA;
+  set_za_register(start_vl, 2);
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+void expr_start_vl() {
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, start_vl);
+  SMSTART_ZA;
+  set_za_register(start_vl, 4);
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+void expr_other_vl() {
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, other_vl);
+  SMSTART_ZA;
+  set_za_register(other_vl, 5);
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+void expr_enable_sm() {
+  SMSTART_SM;
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+void expr_disable_sm() {
+  SMSTOP_SM;
+  write_sve_regs_expr();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  // We expect to get:
+  // * whether to enable streaming mode
+  // * whether to enable ZA
+  // * what the starting VL should be
+  // * what the other VL should be
+  if (argc != 5)
+    return 1;
+
+  bool ssve = argv[1][0] == '1';
+  bool za = argv[2][0] == '1';
+  start_vl = atoi(argv[3]);
+  other_vl = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+  prctl(PR_SME_SET_VL, start_vl);
+
+  if (ssve)
+    SMSTART_SM;
+
+  if (za) {
+    SMSTART_ZA;
+    set_za_register(start_vl, 1);
+  }
+
+  write_sve_regs();
+
+  return 0; // Set a break point here.
+}