At present, every async function is responsible for noticing it has
been passed a nullptr for async_info and initializing it. With this change,
a new api function is called to initialize async_info within libomptarget.
A subsequent change can then only call async functions when that construction
succeeded, at which point the init-if-passed-nullptr logic from the plugins
can be replaced with asserts.
Couple of typo fixes noticed while implementing. Builds on D96438.
API is redundant at present, but it matches the other functions and we might want to return more detailed information than success/fail later