Injected sources are basically a way to add actual source file content to your PDB. Presumably you could use this for shipping your source code with your debug information, but in practice I can only find this being used for embedding natvis files inside of PDBs.
In order to effectively test LLVM's natvis file injection, we need a way to dump the injected sources of a PDB in a way that is authoritative (i.e. based on Microsoft's understanding of the PDB format, and not LLVM's). To this end, I've added support for dumping injected sources via DIA. I made a PDB file that used the /natvis option to generate a test case.