[libc++] Simpler Python script for generating a graph of libc++'s header dependencies

[• Quuxplusone]

Summary

I've temporarily named this script graph_header_deps2.py because graph_header_deps.py already exists — @EricWF wrote it in February 2020. My attempts to play around with graph_header_deps.py were mostly fruitless; I needed to modify it in various ways to make it work without a lot of structure around it, and then even when I got it working, it generated pretty ugly graphs.

Existing graph_header_deps.py usage (after my local changes to simplify the usage) (producing https://i.imgur.com/zATrsaP.jpg )

mkdir foo
time ./graph_header_deps.py --libcxx-only -o foo --clang-command ~/llvm-project/build/bin/clang++
dot -Tpng < foo/all_headers.dot > old.png
file old.png

real    0m37.453s
user    0m34.025s
sys     0m2.742s
old.png: PNG image data, 25882 x 3035, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced

New graph_header_deps2.py usage (producing https://i.imgur.com/ZU0G52U.png )

time ./graph_header_deps2.py | dot -Tpng > new.png
file new.png

real    0m1.063s
user    0m0.837s
sys     0m0.077s
new.png: PNG image data, 6162 x 1344, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced

[ldionne]

I'm fine with updating the script if it provides clearer results, which seems to be the case.

[• Quuxplusone]

Add --show-cumulative-line-counts --show-individual-line-counts options (which can be combined).

./graph_header_deps.py --show-cumulative-line-counts --show-individual-line-counts --show-config-headers | dot -Tpdf > x.pdf

libcxx/utils/graph_header_deps.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
-#
-# Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-# See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-#
-#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
-
-from argparse import ArgumentParser
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-import shlex
-import json
-import re
-import libcxx.graph as dot
-import libcxx.util
-
-def print_and_exit(msg):
-    sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-def libcxx_include_path():
-    curr_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    include_dir = os.path.join(curr_dir, 'include')
-    return include_dir
-
-def get_libcxx_headers():
-    headers = []
-    include_dir = libcxx_include_path()
-    for fname in os.listdir(include_dir):
-        f = os.path.join(include_dir, fname)
-        if not os.path.isfile(f):
-            continue
-        base, ext = os.path.splitext(fname)
-        if (ext == '' or ext == '.h') and (not fname.startswith('__') or fname == '__config'):
-            headers += [f]
-    return headers
-
-
-def rename_headers_and_remove_test_root(graph):
-    inc_root = libcxx_include_path()
-    to_remove = set()
-    for n in graph.nodes:
-        assert 'label' in n.attributes
-        l = n.attributes['label']
-        if not l.startswith('/') and os.path.exists(os.path.join('/', l)):
-            l = '/' + l
-        if l.endswith('.tmp.cpp'):
-            to_remove.add(n)
-        if l.startswith(inc_root):
-            l = l[len(inc_root):]
-            if l.startswith('/'):
-                l = l[1:]
-        n.attributes['label'] = l
-    for n in to_remove:
-        graph.removeNode(n)
-
-def remove_non_std_headers(graph):
-    inc_root = libcxx_include_path()
-    to_remove = set()
-    for n in graph.nodes:
-        test_file = os.path.join(inc_root, n.attributes['label'])
-        if not test_file.startswith(inc_root):
-            to_remove.add(n)
-    for xn in to_remove:
-        graph.removeNode(xn)
-
-class DependencyCommand(object):
-    def __init__(self, compile_commands, output_dir, new_std=None):
-        output_dir = os.path.abspath(output_dir)
-        if not os.path.isdir(output_dir):
-            print_and_exit('"%s" must point to a directory' % output_dir)
-        self.output_dir = output_dir
-        self.new_std = new_std
-        cwd,bcmd =  self._get_base_command(compile_commands)
-        self.cwd = cwd
-        self.base_cmd = bcmd
-
-    def run_for_headers(self, header_list):
-        outputs = []
-        for header in header_list:
-            header_name = os.path.basename(header)
-            out = os.path.join(self.output_dir, ('%s.dot' % header_name))
-            outputs += [out]
-            cmd =  self.base_cmd + ["-fsyntax-only", "-Xclang", "-dependency-dot", "-Xclang", "%s" % out, '-xc++', '-']
-            libcxx.util.executeCommandOrDie(cmd, cwd=self.cwd, input='#include <%s>\n\n' % header_name)
-        return outputs
-
-    def _get_base_command(self, command_file):
-        commands = None
-        with open(command_file, 'r') as f:
-            commands = json.load(f)
-        for compile_cmd in commands:
-            file = compile_cmd['file']
-            if not file.endswith('src/algorithm.cpp'):
-                continue
-            wd = compile_cmd['directory']
-            cmd_str = compile_cmd['command']
-            cmd = shlex.split(cmd_str)
-            out_arg = cmd.index('-o')
-            del cmd[out_arg]
-            del cmd[out_arg]
-            in_arg = cmd.index('-c')
-            del cmd[in_arg]
-            del cmd[in_arg]
-            if self.new_std is not None:
-                for f in cmd:
-                    if f.startswith('-std='):
-                        del cmd[cmd.index(f)]
-                        cmd += [self.new_std]
-                        break
-            return wd, cmd
-        print_and_exit("failed to find command to build algorithm.cpp")
-
-def post_process_outputs(outputs, libcxx_only):
-    graphs = []
-    for dot_file in outputs:
-        g = dot.DirectedGraph.fromDotFile(dot_file)
-        rename_headers_and_remove_test_root(g)
-        if libcxx_only:
-            remove_non_std_headers(g)
-        graphs += [g]
-        g.toDotFile(dot_file)
-    return graphs
-
-def build_canonical_names(graphs):
-    canonical_names = {}
-    next_idx = 0
-    for g in graphs:
-        for n in g.nodes:
-            if n.attributes['label'] not in canonical_names:
-                name = 'header_%d' % next_idx
-                next_idx += 1
-                canonical_names[n.attributes['label']] = name
-    return canonical_names
-
-
-
-class CanonicalGraphBuilder(object):
-    def __init__(self, graphs):
-        self.graphs = list(graphs)
-        self.canonical_names = build_canonical_names(graphs)
-
-    def build(self):
-        self.canonical = dot.DirectedGraph('all_headers')
-        for k,v in self.canonical_names.iteritems():
-            n = dot.Node(v, edges=[], attributes={'shape': 'box', 'label': k})
-            self.canonical.addNode(n)
-        for g in self.graphs:
-            self._merge_graph(g)
-        return self.canonical
-
-    def _merge_graph(self, g):
-        for n in g.nodes:
-            new_name = self.canonical.getNodeByLabel(n.attributes['label']).id
-            for e in n.edges:
-                to_node = self.canonical.getNodeByLabel(e.attributes['label']).id
-                self.canonical.addEdge(new_name, to_node)
-
-
-def main():
-    parser = ArgumentParser(
-        description="Generate a graph of libc++ header dependencies")
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose', action='store_true', default=False)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '-o', '--output', dest='output', required=True,
-        help='The output file. stdout is used if not given',
-        type=str, action='store')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '--no-compile', dest='no_compile', action='store_true', default=False)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '--libcxx-only', dest='libcxx_only', action='store_true', default=False)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        'compile_commands', metavar='compile-commands-file',
-        help='the compile commands database')
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    builder = DependencyCommand(args.compile_commands, args.output, new_std='-std=c++2a')
-    if not args.no_compile:
-        outputs = builder.run_for_headers(get_libcxx_headers())
-        graphs = post_process_outputs(outputs, args.libcxx_only)
-    else:
-        outputs = [os.path.join(args.output, l) for l in os.listdir(args.output) if not l.endswith('all_headers.dot')]
-        graphs = [dot.DirectedGraph.fromDotFile(o) for o in outputs]
-
-    canon = CanonicalGraphBuilder(graphs).build()
-    canon.toDotFile(os.path.join(args.output, 'all_headers.dot'))
-    all_graphs = graphs + [canon]
-
-    found_cycles = False
-    for g in all_graphs:
-        cycle_finder = dot.CycleFinder(g)
-        all_cycles = cycle_finder.findCyclesInGraph()
-        if len(all_cycles):
-            found_cycles = True
-            print("cycle in graph %s" % g.name)
-            for start, path in all_cycles:
-                print("Cycle for %s = %s" % (start, path))
-    if not found_cycles:
-        print("No cycles found")
-
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

libcxx/utils/graph_header_deps2.py

+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+
+
+def list_all_roots_under(root):
+    result = []
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(root):
+        for fname in files:
+            if '__support' in root:
+                pass
+            elif ('.' in fname and not fname.endswith('.h')):
+                pass
+            else:
+                result.append(root + '/' + fname)
+    return result
+
+
+def locate_header_file(fname, local_include_paths):
+    for p in local_include_paths:
+        fullname = p + '/' + fname
+        if os.path.exists(fullname):
+            return fullname
+    raise RuntimeError('File not found: %s' % fname)
+
+
+def list_all_files_included_by(fname, options):
+    local_headers = []
+    local_include_paths = options.search_dirs + [os.path.dirname(fname)]
+    try:
+        with open(fname, 'r') as f:
+            for line in f.readlines():
+                m = re.match(r'\s*#\s*include\s+"([^"]*)"', line)
+                if m is not None:
+                    try:
+                        local_headers.append(locate_header_file(m.group(1), local_include_paths))
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        if options.error_on_file_not_found:
+                            raise
+                m = re.match(r'\s*#\s*include\s+<([^>]*)>', line)
+                if m is not None:
+                    try:
+                        local_headers.append(locate_header_file(m.group(1), local_include_paths))
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        if options.error_on_file_not_found:
+                            raise
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError(str(e) + ' in ' + fname)
+    return local_headers
+
+
+def build_graph(roots, options):
+    results = {}
+    while roots:
+        frontier = roots
+        roots = []
+        for fname in frontier:
+            if fname in results:
+                continue
+            results[fname] = list_all_files_included_by(fname, options)
+            roots += results[fname]
+    return results
+
+
+def transitively_includes(inclusions, h1, h2, visited=None):
+    if h1 == h2:
+        return False if visited is None else True
+    if visited is None:
+        visited = set()
+    visited.add(h1)
+    next_headers = inclusions[h1]
+    return any(transitively_includes(inclusions, i, h2, visited) for i in next_headers if i not in visited)
+
+
+def is_config_header(h):
+    return os.path.basename(h) in ['__config', '__libcpp_version']
+
+def is_experimental_header(h):
+    return ('experimental/' in h) or ('ext/' in h)
+
+def is_support_header(h):
+    return '__support/' in h
+
+
+def get_graphviz(inclusions, options):
+
+    def get_friendly_name(fname):
+        i = fname.index('include/')
+        assert(i >= 0)
+        result = fname[i+8:]
+        return '"' + result + '"'
+
+    def get_decorators(fname):
+        if '__' not in fname:
+            return ' [style=bold]'
+        return ''
+
+    result = ''
+    result += 'strict digraph {\n'
+    result += '    rankdir=LR;\n'
+    result += '    layout=dot;\n\n'
+    for fname, local_headers in inclusions.items():
+        result += '    %s%s;\n' % (get_friendly_name(fname), get_decorators(fname))
+        for h in local_headers:
+            if any(transitively_includes(inclusions, i, h) for i in local_headers) and not options.show_transitive_edges:
+                continue
+            result += '        %s -> %s;\n' % (get_friendly_name(fname), get_friendly_name(h))
+    result += '}\n'
+    return result
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--root', default=None, metavar='FILE', help='File or directory to be the root of the dependency graph')
+    parser.add_argument('-I', dest='search_dirs', default=[], action='append', metavar='DIR', help='Path(s) to search for local includes')
+    parser.add_argument('--show-transitive-edges', action='store_true', help='Show edges to headers that are transitively included anyway')
+    parser.add_argument('--show-config-headers', action='store_true', help='Show headers named __config')
+    parser.add_argument('--show-experimental-headers', action='store_true', help='Show headers in the experimental/ and ext/ directories')
+    parser.add_argument('--show-support-headers', action='store_true', help='Show headers in the __support/ directory')
+    parser.add_argument('--error-on-file-not-found', action='store_true', help="Don't ignore failure to open an #included file")
+
+    options = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if options.root is None:
+        curr_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+        options.root = os.path.join(curr_dir, '../include')
+
+    if options.search_dirs == [] and os.path.isdir(options.root):
+        options.search_dirs = [options.root]
+
+    options.root = os.path.abspath(options.root)
+    options.search_dirs = [os.path.abspath(p) for p in options.search_dirs]
+
+    if os.path.isdir(options.root):
+        roots = list_all_roots_under(options.root)
+    elif os.path.isfile(options.root):
+        roots = [options.root]
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError('--root seems to be invalid')
+
+    inclusions = build_graph(roots, options)
+
+    # Eliminate certain kinds of "visual noise" headers, if asked for.
+    def should_keep(fname):
+        return all([
+            options.show_config_headers or not is_config_header(fname),
+            options.show_experimental_headers or not is_experimental_header(fname),
+            options.show_support_headers or not is_support_header(fname),
+        ])
+
+    for fname in list(inclusions.keys()):
+        if should_keep(fname):
+            inclusions[fname] = [h for h in inclusions[fname] if should_keep(h)]
+        else:
+            del inclusions[fname]
+
+    # Look for cycles.
+    no_cycles_detected = True
+    for fname, headers in inclusions.items():
+        for h in headers:
+            if transitively_includes(inclusions, h, fname):
+                print('Cycle detected between %s and %s' % (fname, h))
+                no_cycles_detected = False
+    assert no_cycles_detected
+
+    print(get_graphviz(inclusions, options))

libcxx/utils/libcxx/graph.py

-#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
-#
-# Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-# See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-#
-#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
-
-import platform
-import os
-from collections import defaultdict
-import re
-import libcxx.util
-
-
-class DotEmitter(object):
-  def __init__(self, name):
-    self.name = name
-    self.node_strings = {}
-    self.edge_strings = []
-
-  def addNode(self, node):
-    res = str(node.id)
-    if len(node.attributes):
-      attr_strs = []
-      for k,v in node.attributes.iteritems():
-        attr_strs += ['%s="%s"' % (k, v)]
-      res += ' [ %s ]' % (', '.join(attr_strs))
-    res += ';'
-    assert node.id not in self.node_strings
-    self.node_strings[node.id] = res
-
-  def addEdge(self, n1, n2):
-    res = '%s -> %s;' % (n1.id, n2.id)
-    self.edge_strings += [res]
-
-  def node_key(self, n):
-    id = n.id
-    assert id.startswith('\w*\d+')
-
-  def emit(self):
-    node_definitions_list = []
-    sorted_keys = self.node_strings.keys()
-    sorted_keys.sort()
-    for k in sorted_keys:
-      node_definitions_list += [self.node_strings[k]]
-    node_definitions = '\n  '.join(node_definitions_list)
-    edge_list = '\n  '.join(self.edge_strings)
-    return '''
-digraph "{name}" {{
-  {node_definitions}
-  {edge_list}
-}}    
-'''.format(name=self.name, node_definitions=node_definitions, edge_list=edge_list).strip()
-
-
-class DotReader(object):
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.graph = DirectedGraph(None)
-
-  def abortParse(self, msg="bad input"):
-    raise Exception(msg)
-
-  def parse(self, data):
-    lines = [l.strip() for l in data.splitlines() if l.strip()]
-    maxIdx = len(lines)
-    idx = 0
-    if not self.parseIntroducer(lines[idx]):
-      self.abortParse('failed to parse introducer')
-    idx += 1
-    while idx < maxIdx:
-      if self.parseNodeDefinition(lines[idx]) or self.parseEdgeDefinition(lines[idx]):
-        idx += 1
-        continue
-      else:
-        break
-    if idx == maxIdx or not self.parseCloser(lines[idx]):
-      self.abortParse("no closing } found")
-    return self.graph
-
-  def parseEdgeDefinition(self, l):
-    edge_re = re.compile('^\s*(\w+)\s+->\s+(\w+);\s*$')
-    m = edge_re.match(l)
-    if not m:
-      return False
-    n1 = m.group(1)
-    n2 = m.group(2)
-    self.graph.addEdge(n1, n2)
-    return True
-
-  def parseAttributes(self, raw_str):
-    attribute_re = re.compile('^\s*(\w+)="([^"]+)"')
-    parts = [l.strip() for l in raw_str.split(',') if l.strip()]
-    attribute_dict = {}
-    for a in parts:
-      m = attribute_re.match(a)
-      if not m:
-        self.abortParse('Bad attribute "%s"' % a)
-      attribute_dict[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
-    return attribute_dict
-
-  def parseNodeDefinition(self, l):
-    node_definition_re = re.compile('^\s*(\w+)\s+\[([^\]]+)\]\s*;\s*$')
-    m = node_definition_re.match(l)
-    if not m:
-      return False
-    id = m.group(1)
-    attributes = self.parseAttributes(m.group(2))
-    n = Node(id, edges=[], attributes=attributes)
-    self.graph.addNode(n)
-    return True
-
-  def parseIntroducer(self, l):
-    introducer_re = re.compile('^\s*digraph "([^"]+)"\s+{\s*$')
-    m = introducer_re.match(l)
-    if not m:
-      return False
-    self.graph.setName(m.group(1))
-    return True
-
-  def parseCloser(self, l):
-    closer_re = re.compile('^\s*}\s*$')
-    m = closer_re.match(l)
-    if not m:
-      return False
-    return True
-
-class Node(object):
-  def __init__(self, id, edges=[], attributes={}):
-    self.id = id
-    self.edges = set(edges)
-    self.attributes = dict(attributes)
-
-  def addEdge(self, dest):
-    self.edges.add(dest)
-
-  def __eq__(self, another):
-    if isinstance(another, str):
-      return another == self.id
-    return hasattr(another, 'id') and self.id == another.id
-
-  def __hash__(self):
-    return hash(self.id)
-
-  def __str__(self):
-    return self.attributes["label"]
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return self.__str__()
-    res = self.id
-    if len(self.attributes):
-      attr = []
-      for k,v in self.attributes.iteritems():
-        attr += ['%s="%s"' % (k, v)]
-      res += ' [%s ]' % (', '.join(attr))
-    return res
-
-class DirectedGraph(object):
-  def __init__(self, name=None, nodes=None):
-    self.name = name
-    self.nodes = set() if nodes is None else set(nodes)
-
-  def setName(self, n):
-    self.name = n
-
-  def _getNode(self, n_or_id):
-    if isinstance(n_or_id, Node):
-      return n_or_id
-    return self.getNode(n_or_id)
-
-  def getNode(self, str_id):
-    assert isinstance(str_id, str) or isinstance(str_id, Node)
-    for s in self.nodes:
-      if s == str_id:
-        return s
-    return None
-
-  def getNodeByLabel(self, l):
-    found = None
-    for s in self.nodes:
-      if s.attributes['label'] == l:
-        assert found is None
-        found = s
-    return found
-
-  def addEdge(self, n1, n2):
-    n1 = self._getNode(n1)
-    n2 = self._getNode(n2)
-    assert n1 in self.nodes
-    assert n2 in self.nodes
-    n1.addEdge(n2)
-
-  def addNode(self, n):
-    self.nodes.add(n)
-
-  def removeNode(self, n):
-    n = self._getNode(n)
-    for other_n in self.nodes:
-      if other_n == n:
-        continue
-      new_edges = set()
-      for e in other_n.edges:
-        if e != n:
-          new_edges.add(e)
-      other_n.edges = new_edges
-    self.nodes.remove(n)
-
-  def toDot(self):
-    dot = DotEmitter(self.name)
-    for n in self.nodes:
-      dot.addNode(n)
-      for ndest in n.edges:
-        dot.addEdge(n, ndest)
-    return dot.emit()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def fromDot(str):
-    reader = DotReader()
-    graph = reader.parse(str)
-    return graph
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def fromDotFile(fname):
-    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
-      return DirectedGraph.fromDot(f.read())
-
-  def toDotFile(self, fname):
-    with open(fname, 'w') as f:
-      f.write(self.toDot())
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return self.toDot()
-
-class BFS(object):
-  def __init__(self, start):
-    self.visited = set()
-    self.to_visit = []
-    self.start = start
-
-  def __nonzero__(self):
-    return len(self.to_visit) != 0
-
-  def empty(self):
-    return len(self.to_visit) == 0
-
-  def push_back(self, node):
-    assert node not in self.visited
-    self.visited.add(node)
-    self.to_visit += [node]
-
-  def maybe_push_back(self, node):
-    if node in self.visited:
-      return
-    self.push_back(node)
-
-  def pop_front(self):
-    assert len(self.to_visit)
-    elem = self.to_visit[0]
-    del self.to_visit[0]
-    return elem
-
-  def seen(self, n):
-    return n in self.visited
-
-
-
-class CycleFinder(object):
-  def __init__(self, graph):
-    self.graph = graph
-
-  def findCycleForNode(self, n):
-    assert n in self.graph.nodes
-    all_paths = {}
-    all_cycles = []
-    bfs = BFS(n)
-    bfs.push_back(n)
-    all_paths[n] = [n]
-    while bfs:
-      n = bfs.pop_front()
-      assert n in all_paths
-      for e in n.edges:
-        en = self.graph.getNode(e)
-        if not bfs.seen(en):
-          new_path = list(all_paths[n])
-          new_path.extend([en])
-          all_paths[en] = new_path
-          bfs.push_back(en)
-        if en == bfs.start:
-          all_cycles += [all_paths[n]]
-    return all_cycles
-
-  def findCyclesInGraph(self):
-    all_cycles = []
-    for n in self.graph.nodes:
-      cycle = self.findCycleForNode(n)
-      if cycle:
-        all_cycles += [(n, cycle)]
-    return all_cycles