Before e97b5f5cf37e ([clang][Darwin] Refactor header search path logic
into the driver), both --sysroot and -isysroot worked to specify where
to look for system and C++ headers on Darwin. However, that change
caused clang to start ignoring --sysroot.
This fixes the regression, and adds tests.
(I also note that on all other platforms, clang seems to almost
completely ignore -isysroot, but that's another issue...)