CMake's find_package(Python3) and find_package(Python2) packages have a PYTHON_EXECUTABLE, Python2_EXECUTABLE, and Python3_EXECUTABLE cmake variables which control which version of python is built against. As far as I can tell, the rest of LLVM honors these variables. This can cause the build process to fail when if the automatically selected version of Python can't run due to modifications of LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using spack. The corresponding Spack issue is https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/19908. The corresponding LLVM issue is 48180
I believe an appropriate fix is to add the variables to the list of PASSTHROUGH_VARIABLES in cmake/Modules/AddCompilerRT.cmake, and this fixed compilation errors for me.
This bug affects distributions like Gentoo and package managers like Spack which allow for combinatorial versioning.