This test was failing in our CI environment, because Jenkins mounts the workspaces into Docker containers using their full path, i.e. /home/jenkins/workspaces/llvm-build.
We've seen permission denied errors because /home/jenkins is mounted with root permissions and the default cache directory under Linux is $HOME/.cache.
The fix is to explicitly provide the -fmodules-cache-path, which the other tests already seem to provide.