The first part was type_traits and numeric_limits (already committed)
This implements the changes to string/string/view/char_traits
I defined the feature test macro __cpp_lib_char8_t even though we don't fully support it (yet) because I want the tests to use it.
Drive-by fixes include fixing the rest of the feature-test macros which were using the never-defined symbol _TEST_STD_VER.
There's more to come on P0482, but this is a self-contained chunk.
_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY here and below.