[libc] Add a str() method to FPBits which returns a string representation.

[sivachandra]

Summary

Unit tests for the str() method have also been added.

Previously, a separate test only helper function was being used by the
test matchers which has regressed over many cleanups. Moreover, being a
test only utility, it was not tested separately (and hence the
regression).

[sivachandra]

clang-format

[sivachandra]

I have not yet verified that the non-x86 long double values are correct.

[michaelrj]

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

146

there are three types of long double we support, 80 bit, 128 bit, and 64 bit. These tests won't work on 64 bit long double systems.

[sivachandra]

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

146

We skip doing long double checks completely if long double == double on line 125.

[michaelrj]

I'll test this patch on aarch64 to check the float128 support

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

146

ah, that makes sense.

[sivachandra]

Fix long double tests on aarch64.

[michaelrj]

LGTM

[lntue]

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

124

How about having 2 separate long double tests X86LongDoubleType and QuadPrecisionLongDoubleType? You can have them return early by testing:

if constexpr( fputil::FloatProperties<long double>::MANTISSA_WIDTH != ... )
  return;

[sivachandra]

Separate out x86 long double and other long double tests.

[sivachandra]

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

124

I have not done that exactly but separated out the x86 long double tests into a different test enabled only for x86. The reason I did not go with your approach is that, it would be weird to see QuadPrecisionLongDoubleType test passing on x86 (and also the other way round on non-x86).

libc/src/__support/FPUtil/CMakeLists.txt

 add_header_library(
   fp_bits
   HDRS
     FPBits.h
   DEPENDS
     .platform_defs
     .float_properties
     libc.src.__support.builtin_wrappers
+    libc.src.__support.integer_to_string
     libc.src.__support.CPP.bit
+    libc.src.__support.CPP.string
     libc.src.__support.CPP.type_traits
     libc.src.__support.common
 )
 
 add_header_library(
   nearest_integer_operations
   HDRS
     NearestIntegerOperations.h

libc/src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h

 //===-- Abstract class for bit manipulation of float numbers. ---*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_FP_BITS_H
 #define LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_FP_BITS_H
 
 #include "PlatformDefs.h"
 
 #include "src/__support/CPP/bit.h"
+#include "src/__support/CPP/string.h"
 #include "src/__support/CPP/type_traits.h"
 #include "src/__support/builtin_wrappers.h"
 #include "src/__support/common.h"
+#include "src/__support/integer_to_string.h"
 
 #include "FloatProperties.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 namespace __llvm_libc {
 namespace fputil {
 
 template <typename T> struct MantissaWidth {
template <typename T> struct FPBits {
   LIBC_INLINE static FPBits<T> create_value(bool sign, UIntType unbiased_exp,
                                             UIntType mantissa) {
     FPBits<T> result;
     result.set_sign(sign);
     result.set_unbiased_exponent(unbiased_exp);
     result.set_mantissa(mantissa);
     return result;
   }
+
+  // Converts the bits to a string in the following format:
+  //    "0x<NNN...N> = S: N, E: 0xNNNN, M:0xNNN...N"
+  // 1. N is a hexadecimal digit.
+  // 2. The hexadecimal number on the LHS is the raw numerical representation
+  //    of the bits.
+  // 3. The exponent is always 16 bits wide irrespective of the type of the
+  //    floating encoding.
+  LIBC_INLINE cpp::string str() const {
+    if (is_nan())
+      return "(NaN)";
+    if (is_inf())
+      return get_sign() ? "(-Infinity)" : "(+Infinity)";
+
+    auto zerofill = [](char *arr, size_t n) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        arr[i] = '0';
+    };
+
+    cpp::string s("0x");
+    char bitsbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<UIntType>()];
+    zerofill(bitsbuf, sizeof(bitsbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(bits, bitsbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(bitsbuf, sizeof(bitsbuf));
+
+    s += " = (";
+    s += cpp::string("S: ") + (get_sign() ? "1" : "0");
+
+    char expbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<uint16_t>()];
+    zerofill(expbuf, sizeof(expbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(get_unbiased_exponent(), expbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(", E: 0x") + cpp::string(expbuf, sizeof(expbuf));
+
+    char mantbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<UIntType>()] = {'0'};
+    zerofill(mantbuf, sizeof(mantbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(get_mantissa(), mantbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(", M: 0x") + cpp::string(mantbuf, sizeof(mantbuf));
+
+    s += ")";
+    return s;
+  }
 };
 
 } // namespace fputil
 } // namespace __llvm_libc
 
 #ifdef SPECIAL_X86_LONG_DOUBLE
 #include "x86_64/LongDoubleBits.h"
 #endif
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_FP_BITS_H

libc/src/__support/FPUtil/x86_64/LongDoubleBits.h

 //===-- Bit representation of x86 long double numbers -----------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_X86_64_LONG_DOUBLE_BITS_H
 #define LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_X86_64_LONG_DOUBLE_BITS_H
 
 #include "src/__support/CPP/bit.h"
+#include "src/__support/CPP/string.h"
 #include "src/__support/UInt128.h"
 #include "src/__support/common.h"
+#include "src/__support/integer_to_string.h"
 #include "src/__support/macros/properties/architectures.h"
 
 #if !defined(LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86)
 #error "Invalid include"
 #endif
 
 #include "src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h"
 
template <> struct FPBits<long double> {
   LIBC_INLINE static FPBits<long double>
   create_value(bool sign, UIntType unbiased_exp, UIntType mantissa) {
     FPBits<long double> result;
     result.set_sign(sign);
     result.set_unbiased_exponent(unbiased_exp);
     result.set_mantissa(mantissa);
     return result;
   }
+
+  // Converts the bits to a string in the following format:
+  //    "0x<NNN...N> = S: N, E: 0xNNNN, I: N, M:0xNNN...N"
+  // 1. N is a hexadecimal digit.
+  // 2. "I" denotes the implicit bit.
+  // 3. The hexadecimal number on the LHS is the raw numerical representation
+  //    of the bits.
+  // 4. The exponent is always 16 bits wide irrespective of the type of the
+  //    floating encoding.
+  LIBC_INLINE cpp::string str() const {
+    if (is_nan())
+      return "(NaN)";
+    if (is_inf())
+      return get_sign() ? "(-Infinity)" : "(+Infinity)";
+
+    auto zerofill = [](char *arr, size_t n) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        arr[i] = '0';
+    };
+
+    cpp::string s("0x");
+    char bitsbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<UIntType>()] = {'0'};
+    zerofill(bitsbuf, sizeof(bitsbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(bits, bitsbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(bitsbuf, sizeof(bitsbuf));
+
+    s += " = (";
+    s += cpp::string("S: ") + (get_sign() ? "1" : "0");
+
+    char expbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<uint16_t>()] = {'0'};
+    zerofill(expbuf, sizeof(expbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(get_unbiased_exponent(), expbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(", E: 0x") + cpp::string(expbuf, sizeof(expbuf));
+
+    s += cpp::string(", I: ") + (get_implicit_bit() ? "1" : "0");
+
+    char mantbuf[IntegerToString::hex_bufsize<UIntType>()] = {'0'};
+    zerofill(mantbuf, sizeof(mantbuf));
+    IntegerToString::hex(get_mantissa(), mantbuf, false);
+    s += cpp::string(", M: 0x") + cpp::string(mantbuf, sizeof(mantbuf));
+
+    s += ")";
+    return s;
+  }
 };
 
 static_assert(
     sizeof(FPBits<long double>) == sizeof(long double),
     "Internal long double representation does not match the machine format.");
 
 } // namespace fputil
 } // namespace __llvm_libc
 
 #endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC_SUPPORT_FPUTIL_X86_64_LONG_DOUBLE_BITS_H

libc/test/UnitTest/FPMatcher.h

 #include "test/UnitTest/Test.h"
 
 #include <math.h>
 
 namespace __llvm_libc {
 namespace fputil {
 namespace testing {
 
-template <typename ValType>
-cpp::enable_if_t<cpp::is_floating_point_v<ValType>, void>
-describeValue(const char *label, ValType value) {
-  __llvm_libc::testing::tlog << label;
-
-  FPBits<ValType> bits(value);
-  if (bits.is_nan()) {
-    __llvm_libc::testing::tlog << "(NaN)";
-  } else if (bits.is_inf()) {
-    if (bits.get_sign())
-      __llvm_libc::testing::tlog << "(-Infinity)";
-    else
-      __llvm_libc::testing::tlog << "(+Infinity)";
-  } else {
-    constexpr int exponentWidthInHex =
-        (fputil::ExponentWidth<ValType>::VALUE - 1) / 4 + 1;
-    constexpr int mantissaWidthInHex =
-        (fputil::MantissaWidth<ValType>::VALUE - 1) / 4 + 1;
-    constexpr int bitsWidthInHex =
-        sizeof(typename fputil::FPBits<ValType>::UIntType) * 2;
-
-    __llvm_libc::testing::tlog
-        << "0x"
-        << int_to_hex<typename fputil::FPBits<ValType>::UIntType>(
-               bits.uintval(), bitsWidthInHex)
-        << ", (S | E | M) = (" << (bits.get_sign() ? '1' : '0') << " | 0x"
-        << int_to_hex<uint16_t>(bits.get_unbiased_exponent(),
-                                exponentWidthInHex)
-        << " | 0x"
-        << int_to_hex<typename fputil::FPBits<ValType>::UIntType>(
-               bits.get_mantissa(), mantissaWidthInHex)
-        << ")";
-  }
-
-  __llvm_libc::testing::tlog << '\n';
-}
-
 template <typename T, __llvm_libc::testing::TestCondition Condition>
 class FPMatcher : public __llvm_libc::testing::Matcher<T> {
   static_assert(__llvm_libc::cpp::is_floating_point_v<T>,
                 "FPMatcher can only be used with floating point values.");
   static_assert(Condition == __llvm_libc::testing::Cond_EQ ||
                     Condition == __llvm_libc::testing::Cond_NE,
                 "Unsupported FPMathcer test condition.");
 
bool match(T actualValue) {
     // If condition == Cond_NE.
     if (actualBits.is_nan())
       return !expectedBits.is_nan();
     return expectedBits.is_nan() ||
            (actualBits.uintval() != expectedBits.uintval());
   }
 
   void explainError() override {
-    describeValue("Expected floating point value: ", expected);
-    describeValue("  Actual floating point value: ", actual);
+    __llvm_libc::testing::tlog
+        << "Expected floating point value: " << FPBits<T>(expected).str()
+        << '\n';
+    __llvm_libc::testing::tlog
+        << "Actual floating point value: " << FPBits<T>(actual).str() << '\n';
   }
 };
 
 template <__llvm_libc::testing::TestCondition C, typename T>
 FPMatcher<T, C> getMatcher(T expectedValue) {
   return FPMatcher<T, C>(expectedValue);
 }
 

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/CMakeLists.txt

 add_custom_target(libc-fputil-tests)
 
 add_fp_unittest(
   dyadic_float_test
   NEED_MPFR
   SUITE
     libc-fputil-tests
   SRCS
     dyadic_float_test.cpp
   DEPENDS
     libc.src.__support.FPUtil.dyadic_float
 )
+
+add_libc_test(
+  fpbits_test
+  SUITE
+    libc-fputil-tests
+  SRCS
+    fpbits_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+)

libc/test/src/__support/FPUtil/fpbits_test.cpp

+//===-- Unittests for the DyadicFloat class -------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/Test.h"
+
+using __llvm_libc::fputil::FPBits;
+
+TEST(LlvmLibcFPBitsTest, FloatType) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<float>::inf().str().c_str(), "(+Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<float>::neg_inf().str().c_str(), "(-Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<float>(FPBits<float>::build_nan(1)).str().c_str(),
+               "(NaN)");
+
+  FPBits<float> zero(0.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x00000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(zero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x00000000 = (S: 0, E: 0x0000, M: 0x00000000)");
+
+  FPBits<float> negzero(-0.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x80000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negzero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x80000000 = (S: 1, E: 0x0000, M: 0x00000000)");
+
+  FPBits<float> one(1.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x7F));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x3F800000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(one.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3F800000 = (S: 0, E: 0x007F, M: 0x00000000)");
+
+  FPBits<float> negone(-1.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x7F));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0xBF800000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negone.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBF800000 = (S: 1, E: 0x007F, M: 0x00000000)");
+
+  FPBits<float> num(1.125f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x7F));
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x00100000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x3F900000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(num.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3F900000 = (S: 0, E: 0x007F, M: 0x00100000)");
+
+  FPBits<float> negnum(-1.125f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x7F));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0x00100000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.uintval(), static_cast<uint32_t>(0xBF900000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negnum.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBF900000 = (S: 1, E: 0x007F, M: 0x00100000)");
+}
+
+TEST(LlvmLibcFPBitsTest, DoubleType) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<double>::inf().str().c_str(), "(+Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<double>::neg_inf().str().c_str(), "(-Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<double>(FPBits<double>::build_nan(1)).str().c_str(),
+               "(NaN)");
+
+  FPBits<double> zero(0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(zero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x0000000000000000 = (S: 0, E: 0x0000, M: 0x0000000000000000)");
+
+  FPBits<double> negzero(-0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x8000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negzero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x8000000000000000 = (S: 1, E: 0x0000, M: 0x0000000000000000)");
+
+  FPBits<double> one(1.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x03FF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x3FF0000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(one.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3FF0000000000000 = (S: 0, E: 0x03FF, M: 0x0000000000000000)");
+
+  FPBits<double> negone(-1.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x03FF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0000000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0xBFF0000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negone.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBFF0000000000000 = (S: 1, E: 0x03FF, M: 0x0000000000000000)");
+
+  FPBits<double> num(1.125);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x03FF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0002000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x3FF2000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(num.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3FF2000000000000 = (S: 0, E: 0x03FF, M: 0x0002000000000000)");
+
+  FPBits<double> negnum(-1.125);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x03FF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_mantissa(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0x0002000000000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.uintval(), static_cast<uint64_t>(0xBFF2000000000000));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negnum.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBFF2000000000000 = (S: 1, E: 0x03FF, M: 0x0002000000000000)");
+}
+
+TEST(LlvmLibcFPBitsTest, LongDoubleType) {
+  if constexpr (sizeof(long double) == sizeof(double))
+    return; // The tests for the "double" type cover for this case.
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<long double>::inf().str().c_str(), "(+Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(FPBits<long double>::neg_inf().str().c_str(), "(-Infinity)");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      FPBits<long double>(FPBits<long double>::build_nan(1)).str().c_str(),
+      "(NaN)");
+
+  FPBits<long double> zero(0.0l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x0000000000000000)
+                                     << 64);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x0000000000000000) << 64);
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      zero.str().c_str(),
+      "0x00000000000000000000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 0, E: 0x0000, I: 0, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_STREQ(zero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x00000000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 0, E: 0x0000, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+
+  FPBits<long double> negzero(-0.0l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x0000000000000000)
+                                        << 64);
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x1) << 79);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      negzero.str().c_str(),
+      "0x00000000000080000000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 1, E: 0x0000, I: 0, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(negzero.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x1) << 127);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negzero.str().c_str(),
+               "0x80000000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 1, E: 0x0000, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+
+  FPBits<long double> one(1.0l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x3FFF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x0000000000000000) << 64);
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x3FFF8) << 60);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      one.str().c_str(),
+      "0x0000000000003FFF8000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 0, E: 0x3FFF, I: 1, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(one.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x3FFF) << 112);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(one.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3FFF0000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 0, E: 0x3FFF, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+
+  FPBits<long double> negone(-1.0l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x3FFF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x0000000000000000)
+                                       << 64);
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0xBFFF8) << 60);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      negone.str().c_str(),
+      "0x000000000000BFFF8000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 1, E: 0x3FFF, I: 1, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(negone.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0xBFFF) << 112);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negone.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBFFF0000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 1, E: 0x3FFF, M: 0x00000000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+
+  FPBits<long double> num(1.125l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_sign(), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x3FFF));
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x1) << 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x3FFF9) << 60);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      num.str().c_str(),
+      "0x0000000000003FFF9000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 0, E: 0x3FFF, I: 1, M: 0x00000000000000001000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x2) << 108);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x3FFF2) << 108);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(num.str().c_str(),
+               "0x3FFF2000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 0, E: 0x3FFF, M: 0x00002000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+
+  FPBits<long double> negnum(-1.125l);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_sign(), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_unbiased_exponent(), static_cast<uint16_t>(0x3FFF));
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_ARCH_IS_X86
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x1) << 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0xBFFF9) << 60);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      negnum.str().c_str(),
+      "0x000000000000BFFF9000000000000000 = "
+      "(S: 1, E: 0x3FFF, I: 1, M: 0x00000000000000001000000000000000)");
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.get_mantissa(), static_cast<UInt128>(0x2) << 108);
+  EXPECT_EQ(negnum.uintval(), static_cast<UInt128>(0xBFFF2) << 108);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(negnum.str().c_str(),
+               "0xBFFF2000000000000000000000000000 = "
+               "(S: 1, E: 0x3FFF, M: 0x00002000000000000000000000000000)");
+#endif
+}

libc/utils/MPFRWrapper/MPFRUtils.cpp

void explain_unary_operation_single_output_error(Operation op, T input,
                                                  RoundingMode rounding) {
   unsigned int precision = get_precision<T>(ulp_tolerance);
   MPFRNumber mpfrInput(input, precision);
   MPFRNumber mpfr_result;
   mpfr_result = unary_operation(op, input, precision, rounding);
   MPFRNumber mpfrMatchValue(matchValue);
   tlog << "Match value not within tolerance value of MPFR result:\n"
        << "  Input decimal: " << mpfrInput.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("     Input bits: ", input);
+  tlog << "     Input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input).str() << '\n';
   tlog << '\n' << "  Match decimal: " << mpfrMatchValue.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("     Match bits: ", matchValue);
+  tlog << "     Match bits: " << FPBits<T>(matchValue).str() << '\n';
   tlog << '\n' << "    MPFR result: " << mpfr_result.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("   MPFR rounded: ",
-                                              mpfr_result.as<T>());
+  tlog << "   MPFR rounded: " << FPBits<T>(mpfr_result.as<T>()).str() << '\n';
   tlog << '\n';
   tlog << "      ULP error: "
        << mpfr_result.ulp_as_mpfr_number(matchValue).str() << '\n';
 }
 
 template void explain_unary_operation_single_output_error<float>(Operation op,
                                                                  float, float,
                                                                  double,
void explain_unary_operation_two_outputs_error(
   MPFRNumber mpfrMatchValue(libc_result.f);
   tlog
       << "Libc floating point result is not within tolerance value of the MPFR "
       << "result.\n\n";
 
   tlog << "            Input decimal: " << mpfrInput.str() << "\n\n";
 
   tlog << "Libc floating point value: " << mpfrMatchValue.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(" Libc floating point bits: ",
-                                              libc_result.f);
+  tlog << " Libc floating point bits: " << FPBits<T>(libc_result.f).str()
+       << '\n';
   tlog << "\n\n";
 
   tlog << "              MPFR result: " << mpfr_result.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("             MPFR rounded: ",
-                                              mpfr_result.as<T>());
+  tlog << "             MPFR rounded: " << FPBits<T>(mpfr_result.as<T>()).str()
+       << '\n';
   tlog << '\n'
        << "                ULP error: "
        << mpfr_result.ulp_as_mpfr_number(libc_result.f).str() << '\n';
 }
 
 template void explain_unary_operation_two_outputs_error<float>(
     Operation, float, const BinaryOutput<float> &, double, RoundingMode);
 template void explain_unary_operation_two_outputs_error<double>(
MPFRNumber mpfr_result = binary_operation_two_outputs(
       op, input.x, input.y, mpfrIntResult, precision, rounding);
   MPFRNumber mpfrMatchValue(libc_result.f);
 
   tlog << "Input decimal: x: " << mpfrX.str() << " y: " << mpfrY.str() << '\n'
        << "MPFR integral result: " << mpfrIntResult << '\n'
        << "Libc integral result: " << libc_result.i << '\n'
        << "Libc floating point result: " << mpfrMatchValue.str() << '\n'
        << "               MPFR result: " << mpfr_result.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "Libc floating point result bits: ", libc_result.f);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "              MPFR rounded bits: ", mpfr_result.as<T>());
+  tlog << "Libc floating point result bits: " << FPBits<T>(libc_result.f).str()
+       << '\n';
+  tlog << "              MPFR rounded bits: "
+       << FPBits<T>(mpfr_result.as<T>()).str() << '\n';
   tlog << "ULP error: " << mpfr_result.ulp_as_mpfr_number(libc_result.f).str()
        << '\n';
 }
 
 template void explain_binary_operation_two_outputs_error<float>(
     Operation, const BinaryInput<float> &, const BinaryOutput<float> &, double,
     RoundingMode);
 template void explain_binary_operation_two_outputs_error<double>(
void explain_binary_operation_one_output_error(Operation op,
   MPFRNumber mpfrY(input.y, precision);
   FPBits<T> xbits(input.x);
   FPBits<T> ybits(input.y);
   MPFRNumber mpfr_result =
       binary_operation_one_output(op, input.x, input.y, precision, rounding);
   MPFRNumber mpfrMatchValue(libc_result);
 
   tlog << "Input decimal: x: " << mpfrX.str() << " y: " << mpfrY.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("First input bits: ", input.x);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("Second input bits: ", input.y);
+  tlog << "First input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input.x).str() << '\n';
+  tlog << "Second input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input.y).str() << '\n';
 
   tlog << "Libc result: " << mpfrMatchValue.str() << '\n'
        << "MPFR result: " << mpfr_result.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "Libc floating point result bits: ", libc_result);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "              MPFR rounded bits: ", mpfr_result.as<T>());
+  tlog << "Libc floating point result bits: " << FPBits<T>(libc_result).str()
+       << '\n';
+  tlog << "              MPFR rounded bits: "
+       << FPBits<T>(mpfr_result.as<T>()).str() << '\n';
   tlog << "ULP error: " << mpfr_result.ulp_as_mpfr_number(libc_result).str()
        << '\n';
 }
 
 template void explain_binary_operation_one_output_error<float>(
     Operation, const BinaryInput<float> &, float, double, RoundingMode);
 template void explain_binary_operation_one_output_error<double>(
     Operation, const BinaryInput<double> &, double, double, RoundingMode);
void explain_ternary_operation_one_output_error(Operation op,
   FPBits<T> ybits(input.y);
   FPBits<T> zbits(input.z);
   MPFRNumber mpfr_result = ternary_operation_one_output(
       op, input.x, input.y, input.z, precision, rounding);
   MPFRNumber mpfrMatchValue(libc_result);
 
   tlog << "Input decimal: x: " << mpfrX.str() << " y: " << mpfrY.str()
        << " z: " << mpfrZ.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("First input bits: ", input.x);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("Second input bits: ", input.y);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue("Third input bits: ", input.z);
+  tlog << " First input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input.x).str() << '\n';
+  tlog << "Second input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input.y).str() << '\n';
+  tlog << " Third input bits: " << FPBits<T>(input.z).str() << '\n';
 
   tlog << "Libc result: " << mpfrMatchValue.str() << '\n'
        << "MPFR result: " << mpfr_result.str() << '\n';
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "Libc floating point result bits: ", libc_result);
-  __llvm_libc::fputil::testing::describeValue(
-      "              MPFR rounded bits: ", mpfr_result.as<T>());
+  tlog << "Libc floating point result bits: " << FPBits<T>(libc_result).str()
+       << '\n';
+  tlog << "              MPFR rounded bits: "
+       << FPBits<T>(mpfr_result.as<T>()).str() << '\n';
   tlog << "ULP error: " << mpfr_result.ulp_as_mpfr_number(libc_result).str()
        << '\n';
 }
 
 template void explain_ternary_operation_one_output_error<float>(
     Operation, const TernaryInput<float> &, float, double, RoundingMode);
 template void explain_ternary_operation_one_output_error<double>(
     Operation, const TernaryInput<double> &, double, double, RoundingMode);