LLVMConfig.with_environment() uses os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(x)) to normalize temporary env vars. LLVMConfig.use_clang() uses with_environment() to temporarily set PATH and then look for clang there. This means that on Windows, clang will be run with a path like c:\foo\bin\clang.EXE (with a lower-case "C:").
lit.util.which() used to not do this, which means the executables added in clang/test/lit.cfg.py (e.g. c-index-test) were run with a path like C:\foo\bin\c-index-test.EXE (because both CMake and GN happen to write clang_tools_dir with an upper-case C to lit.site.cfg.py).
clang/test/Index/pch-from-libclang.c requires that both c-index-test and clang use _exactly_ the same resource dir path (same case and everything), because a hash of the resource directory is used as module cache path.
This patch is necessary but not sufficient to make pch-from-libclang.c pass on Windows.