[clang-format] Disallow templates to be followed by literal

[rymiel]

Summary

There should not be any cases where the angle brackets of template
parameters are directly followed by a literal. It is more likely that a
comparison is taking place instead.

This patch makes the TokenAnnotator prefer to annotate < and > as
operators when directly followed by a literal. A similar check already
exists for literals directly *before* potential template args.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60140

[rymiel]

Drop unrelated change

clang/lib/Format/TokenAnnotator.cpp

while (CurrentToken) {
         // In TT_TextProto, map<key, value> does not occur.
         if (Style.Language == FormatStyle::LK_TextProto ||
             (Style.Language == FormatStyle::LK_Proto && Left->Previous &&
              Left->Previous->isOneOf(TT_SelectorName, TT_DictLiteral))) {
           CurrentToken->setType(TT_DictLiteral);
         } else {
           CurrentToken->setType(TT_TemplateCloser);
         }
+        if (CurrentToken->Next && CurrentToken->Next->Tok.isLiteral())
+          return false;
         next();
         return true;
       }
       if (CurrentToken->is(tok::question) &&
           Style.Language == FormatStyle::LK_Java) {
         next();
         continue;
       }

clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp

verifyFormat("f(aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa\n"
                getLLVMStyleWithColumns(35));
   verifyFormat("bool_constant<a && noexcept(f())>");
   verifyFormat("bool_constant<a || noexcept(f())>");
 
   verifyFormat("if (std::tuple_size_v<T> > 0)");
 
   // Not template parameters.
   verifyFormat("return a < b && c > d;");
+  verifyFormat("a < 0 ? b : a > 0 ? c : d;");
   verifyFormat("void f() {\n"
                "  while (a < b && c > d) {\n"
                "  }\n"
                "}");
   verifyFormat("template <typename... Types>\n"
                "typename enable_if<0 < sizeof...(Types)>::type Foo() {}");
 
   verifyFormat("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa(\n"