Implemented C++17 <variant>.

[mpark]

• Removed unnecessary use of __size_constant.

[mpark]

TODO:

• Kill _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN
• Kill _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT
• Specify the SFINAE / noexcept conditions at the variant level.
• Update unit tests.

[mpark]

This comment was removed by mpark.

[mpark]

• Killed _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN.
• Killed _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT.
• Specified the SFINAE / noexcept conditions at the variant level.

[mpark]

This comment was removed by mpark.

[mpark]

include/variant

279

Added it back, since I removed it prematurely.

[mpark]

• Fixed <variant> comparison operators as per P0393.
• Updated variant synopsis.
• Removed allocator support from variant.
• Removed support for empty set of alternatives in a variant.
• Removed support for void as an alternative in a variant.
• Removed support for reference types in a variant.
• Removed __all_v.
• Moved bad_variant_access to unversioned namespace.
• Removed unnecessary uses of __identity.
• Removed unnecessary use of __size_constant.
• Addressed Eric's comments.
• Updated variant tests.
• Adopted to use the new in_place tags.
• variant_alt() should be = default.
• Fixed variant comparison operators test.
• Removed variant's uses_allocator test.

[mpark]

• Fixed <variant> comparison operators as per P0393.
• Updated variant synopsis.
• Removed allocator support from variant.
• Removed support for empty set of alternatives in a variant.
• Removed support for void as an alternative in a variant.
• Removed support for reference types in a variant.
• Removed __all_v.
• Moved bad_variant_access to unversioned namespace.
• Removed unnecessary uses of __identity.
• Removed unnecessary use of __size_constant.
• Addressed Eric's comments.
• Updated variant tests.
• Adopted to use the new in_place tags.
• variant_alt() should be = default.
• Fixed variant comparison operators test.
• Removed variant's uses_allocator test.
• Disallowed array types in variant.
• Added new tests.

[mpark]

• Removed __get_value function which is now unnecessary

[mpark]

test/std/utilities/variant/variant.variant/variant.mod/emplace_index_init_list_args.pass.cpp

55 ↗

(On Diff #78689)

This test is currently fails. However, TestTypes::NoCtors inherits from ::ArchetypeBases::TestBase<NoCtors> which defines the following constructors:

template <bool Dummy = true, typename std::enable_if<Dummy && Explicit, bool>::type = true>
explicit TestBase(std::initializer_list<int>& il, int = 0) noexcept
  : value(il.size()) {
    ++alive; ++constructed; ++value_constructed;
}
template <bool Dummy = true, typename std::enable_if<Dummy && !Explicit, bool>::type = true>
explicit TestBase(std::initializer_list<int>& il, int = 0) noexcept : value(il.size()) {
    ++alive; ++constructed; ++value_constructed;
}

These constructors are not = deleted in NoCtors. So the behavior we observe here is correct.

But I'm not sure which direction we should be solving this, since I don't fully understand the intended semantics of these test classes.

test/std/utilities/variant/variant.variant/variant.swap/swap.pass.cpp

459–461 ↗

(On Diff #78689)

I don't think the non-member swap is SFINAE'd out based on the current wording.

537–539 ↗

(On Diff #78689)

I don't think the non-member swap is SFINAE'd out based on the current wording.

[mpark]

Removed Eric's tests.

[EricWF]

include/variant

274

Please lift this inside the template body, and add a static assert that the index is in range.

334

__variant_best_match_t if it gives you the type back directly please.

335

In order to avoid forming a function which takes an abstract class by value please change this to.

typename result_of_t<__variant_overload<_Types...>(_Tp&&)>::type;

551

Please use _UpperCamelCase for template parameters.

765

Names like __is_nothrow_move_constructible may be the compiler builtin used to implement is_nothrow_move_constructible. Try to avoid them.

802

__assign_alt needs to be public in order to use it in the lambda according to GCC.

852

Seems like an awkward way to make the type dependent. Maybe something like this?

bool _Dummy = true,
class = enable_if_t<
  is_default_constructible_v<
    typename __dependent_type<variant_alternative_t<0, variant>, _Dummy>::type
>>

864

The && is almost always unnecessary. Libc++ usually omits it and you should too.

867

_Arg&& __arg (ie add a space)

1015

Clang and GCC disagree on the type of this expression. Clang produces the reference qualified type but GCC does not. I think a better formulation is:

return ((void)__holds_alternative<_Ip>(__v) ? (void)0 : throw bad_variant_access{}), __variant_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(_VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v)).__value;

[mpark]

Addressed a few of the comments.

include/variant

274

Which of the following would you prefer?
I think you're looking for the latter?

template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>
    : __identity<__type_pack_element<_Ip, _Types...>> {
  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
};

template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, variant<_Types...>> {
  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
  using type = __type_pack_element<_Ip, _Types...>;
};

[mpark]

Removed test/std/utilities/lit.local.cfg.

[mpark]

Removed the use of &&.

[EricWF]

I think the only thing left to mention are visibility macros.

_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY should be applied to most publicly visible functions, especially if they are only a line or two.

Also inline should be added to any non-inline function template. (Note: inline definitions and constexpr functions are both implicitly inline).

include/variant

544

This should be constrained to not pick up __variant_alt

779

Why not forward?

[EricWF]

include/variant

615

I think we get a better layout putting __index second when one of the types in the variant requires more alignment than size_t. In the current layout that will cause 8 bytes of padding between __index and __data. What do you think?

[mpark]

include/variant

779

haha, had done this myself just in time.

[mpark]

Address a few more of Eric's comments.

[mpark]

Use an if statement rather than ternary operator.

[mpark]

Help out GCC.

[mpark]

include/variant

802

Updated to this->__assign_alt(...);

[mpark]

Fix variant swap.

[mpark]

Use member swap to define non-member swap.

[mpark]

Made __variant_alt safer for construction.

[mpark]

include/variant

544

Good catch! I've added an in_place_t tag parameter to avoid this rather than adding a bunch of SFINAE conditions.

[mpark]

include/variant

274

Used the latter.

[mpark]

Pulled out __first_type.

[mpark]

TODO:

• Think about layout
• Implement constexpr copy/move ctors for variant that holds all trivially_copyable types.
• Don't forget about https://reviews.llvm.org/D23263#603887
• Investigate https://reviews.llvm.org/D26899#602539

[ruoka]

This test fails to compile. Shouldn’t the visit work similarly to invoke?

#include <variant>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

using std::variant;
using std::visit;

struct visitor
{

bool operator () (bool, bool)
{
  return true;
}
bool operator () (const std::string&, const std::string&)
{
  return true;
}

};

int main()
{

visitor vis;
variant<bool,std::string> var1, var2;
bool b1, b2;
std::string str1, str2;

b1 = b2 = true;
std::invoke(vis, b1, b2);

var1 = var2 = true;
visit(vis, var1, var2);

str1 = str2 = "test";
std::invoke(vis, str1, str2);

var1 = var2 = "test";
visit(vis, var1, var2);

}

[mpark]

In D23263#604565, @ruoka wrote:

This test fails to compile. Shouldn’t the visit work similarly to invoke?

#include <variant>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

using std::variant;
using std::visit;

struct visitor
{
  bool operator () (bool, bool)
  {
    return true;
  }
  bool operator () (const std::string&, const std::string&)
  {
    return true;
  }
};

int main()
{
  visitor vis;
  variant<bool,std::string> var1, var2;
  bool b1, b2;
  std::string str1, str2;

  b1 = b2 = true;
  std::invoke(vis, b1, b2);

  var1 = var2 = true;
  visit(vis, var1, var2);

  str1 = str2 = "test";
  std::invoke(vis, str1, str2);

  var1 = var2 = "test";
  visit(vis, var1, var2);
}

No, I don't believe so. IIUC, visit requires exhaustive matching from a visitor.
In your example, visitor does not have handlers for (bool, const std::string&) and (const std::string&, bool).

[ruoka]

In D23263#606107, @mpark wrote:

In D23263#604565, @ruoka wrote:

This test fails to compile. Shouldn’t the visit work similarly to invoke?

#include <variant>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

using std::variant;
using std::visit;

struct visitor
{
  bool operator () (bool, bool)
  {
    return true;
  }
  bool operator () (const std::string&, const std::string&)
  {
    return true;
  }
};

int main()
{
  visitor vis;
  variant<bool,std::string> var1, var2;
  bool b1, b2;
  std::string str1, str2;

  b1 = b2 = true;
  std::invoke(vis, b1, b2);

  var1 = var2 = true;
  visit(vis, var1, var2);

  str1 = str2 = "test";
  std::invoke(vis, str1, str2);

  var1 = var2 = "test";
  visit(vis, var1, var2);
}

No, I don't believe so. IIUC, visit requires exhaustive matching from a visitor.
In your example, visitor does not have handlers for (bool, const std::string&) and (const std::string&, bool).

Boost had a similar example. There visit seemed to work similarly to the std::invoke. But maybe that is not required from the std::visit in the standard.

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/doc/html/variant/reference.html#variant.concepts.static-visitor.examples

[mpark]

• Added visibility macro _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY + inline.
• Preserved triviality of special member functions.
• Added libcxx tests for the trivial special member functions feature.
• Reorganized the structure of the file.
• Consistently used const T rather than T const in tests.

[mpark]

In D23263#607998, @ruoka wrote:

In D23263#606107, @mpark wrote:

In D23263#604565, @ruoka wrote:

This test fails to compile. Shouldn’t the visit work similarly to invoke?

#include <variant>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

using std::variant;
using std::visit;

struct visitor
{
  bool operator () (bool, bool)
  {
    return true;
  }
  bool operator () (const std::string&, const std::string&)
  {
    return true;
  }
};

int main()
{
  visitor vis;
  variant<bool,std::string> var1, var2;
  bool b1, b2;
  std::string str1, str2;

  b1 = b2 = true;
  std::invoke(vis, b1, b2);

  var1 = var2 = true;
  visit(vis, var1, var2);

  str1 = str2 = "test";
  std::invoke(vis, str1, str2);

  var1 = var2 = "test";
  visit(vis, var1, var2);
}

No, I don't believe so. IIUC, visit requires exhaustive matching from a visitor.
In your example, visitor does not have handlers for (bool, const std::string&) and (const std::string&, bool).

Boost had a similar example. There visit seemed to work similarly to the std::invoke. But maybe that is not required from the std::visit in the standard.

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/doc/html/variant/reference.html#variant.concepts.static-visitor.examples

All of the examples on that page perform visitation with a single variant, which satisfies the exhaustive match requirement.
For your multi-visitation example to be exhaustive, you need to handle the bool, const std::string&, and const std::string&, bool
cases. You can achieve that either by adding operator()(bool, const std::string&) and operator()(const std::string&, bool), or
by adding a "default handler", i.e. template <typename T, typename U> operator()(const T&, const U&);.

[mpark]

Rebased

[ruoka]

In D23263#609001, @mpark wrote:

In D23263#607998, @ruoka wrote:

In D23263#606107, @mpark wrote:

In D23263#604565, @ruoka wrote:

This test fails to compile. Shouldn’t the visit work similarly to invoke?

#include <variant>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

using std::variant;
using std::visit;

struct visitor
{
  bool operator () (bool, bool)
  {
    return true;
  }
  bool operator () (const std::string&, const std::string&)
  {
    return true;
  }
};

int main()
{
  visitor vis;
  variant<bool,std::string> var1, var2;
  bool b1, b2;
  std::string str1, str2;

  b1 = b2 = true;
  std::invoke(vis, b1, b2);

  var1 = var2 = true;
  visit(vis, var1, var2);

  str1 = str2 = "test";
  std::invoke(vis, str1, str2);

  var1 = var2 = "test";
  visit(vis, var1, var2);
}

No, I don't believe so. IIUC, visit requires exhaustive matching from a visitor.
In your example, visitor does not have handlers for (bool, const std::string&) and (const std::string&, bool).

Boost had a similar example. There visit seemed to work similarly to the std::invoke. But maybe that is not required from the std::visit in the standard.

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/doc/html/variant/reference.html#variant.concepts.static-visitor.examples

All of the examples on that page perform visitation with a single variant, which satisfies the exhaustive match requirement.
For your multi-visitation example to be exhaustive, you need to handle the bool, const std::string&, and const std::string&, bool
cases. You can achieve that either by adding operator()(bool, const std::string&) and operator()(const std::string&, bool), or
by adding a "default handler", i.e. template <typename T, typename U> operator()(const T&, const U&);.

I see your point now. I guess this is what the "for all combinations of alternative types of all variants" means. I didn't realise it before. Thanks!

[mpark]

Fixed formatting.

[mpark]

• Used unsigned int rather than size_t for index
• Placed index second so that we have trailing padding rather than in the middle.
• Used __sfinae_ctor_base and` __sfinae_assign_base` for special member SFINAE.

[EricWF]

LGTM.

I've attached a couple of inline comments that I generated a couple of days ago.

include/variant

285

This is beautiful metaprogramming. C++14 constexpr FTW.

814

I really dislike passing uninitialized memory as __variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>&. I'm pretty sure it's UB. Optimally we should pass this in as a void* but IDK how to easily change this.

You don't need to change this. Just leaving a note.

816

Needs (void*) cast to avoid ADL.

1216

I think we should choose a less common value to hash valueless variants to.

1232

I think we want to return a more interesting hash value than that. 0 seems likely to cause hash collisions. Maybe some large prime?

[EricWF]

Woot! Thanks for all your hard work! I'm sure there will be more <variant> changes and cleanup to come, but this is ready to land in-tree.

[EricWF]

r288547.

CMakeLists.txt

remove_flags(-DNDEBUG -UNDEBUG -D_DEBUG
              -stdlib=libc++ -stdlib=libstdc++ -lc++abi -m32)
 
 # FIXME(EricWF): See the FIXME on LIBCXX_ENABLE_PEDANTIC.
 # Remove the -pedantic flag and -Wno-pedantic and -pedantic-errors
 # so they don't get transformed into -Wno and -errors respectivly.
 remove_flags(-Wno-pedantic -pedantic-errors -pedantic)
 
 # Required flags ==============================================================
-add_compile_flags_if_supported(-std=c++11)
+add_compile_flags_if_supported(-std=c++14)
 if (NOT MSVC AND NOT LIBCXX_SUPPORTS_STD_EQ_CXX11_FLAG)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "C++11 is required but the compiler does not support -std=c++11")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "C++14 is required but the compiler does not support -std=c++14")
 endif()
 
 # On all systems the system c++ standard library headers need to be excluded.
 # MSVC only has -X, which disables all default includes; including the crt.
 # Thus, we do nothing and hope we don't accidentally include any of the C++
 # headers
 add_compile_flags_if_supported(-nostdinc++)
 

include/variant

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===------------------------------ variant -------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_VARIANT
+#define _LIBCPP_VARIANT
+
+/*
+   variant synopsis
+
+namespace std {
+
+  // 20.7.2, variant of value types
+  template <class... Types>
+  class variant {
+  public:
+
+    // 20.7.2.1, constructors
+    constexpr variant() noexcept(see below);
+    variant(const variant&);
+    variant(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <class T> constexpr variant(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <size_t I, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class U, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(
+        in_place_index_t<I>, initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <class T, class U, class... Args>
+    constexpr explicit variant(
+        in_place_type_t<T>, initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    // allocator-extended constructors
+    template <class Alloc>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&);
+
+    template <class Alloc>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&, const variant&);
+
+    template <class Alloc>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&, variant&&);
+
+    template <class Alloc, class T>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&, T&&);
+
+    template <class Alloc, size_t I, class... Args>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&, in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <class Alloc, size_t I, class U, class... Args>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t,
+            const Alloc&,
+            in_place_index_t<I>,
+            initializer_list<U>,
+            Args&&...);
+
+    template <class Alloc, class T, class... Args>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc&, in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <class Alloc, class T, class U, class... Args>
+    variant(allocator_arg_t,
+            const Alloc&,
+            in_place_type_t<T>,
+            initializer_list<U>,
+            Args&&...);
+
+    // 20.7.2.2, destructor
+    ~variant();
+
+    // 20.7.2.3, assignment
+    variant& operator=(const variant&);
+    variant& operator=(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    template <class T> variant& operator=(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+    // 20.7.2.4, modifiers
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    void emplace(Args&&...);
+
+    template <class T, class U, class... Args>
+    void emplace(initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class... Args>
+    void emplace(Args&&...);
+
+    template <size_t I, class U, class...  Args>
+    void emplace(initializer_list<U>, Args&&...);
+
+    // 20.7.2.5, value status
+    constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept;
+    constexpr size_t index() const noexcept;
+
+    // 20.7.2.6, swap
+    void swap(variant&) noexcept(see below);
+  };
+
+  // 20.7.3, variant helper classes
+  template <class T> struct variant_size; // undefined
+
+  template <class T>
+  constexpr size_t variant_size_v = variant_size<T>::value;
+
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<const T>;
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<volatile T>;
+  template <class T> struct variant_size<const volatile T>;
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  struct variant_size<variant<Types...>>;
+
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative; // undefined
+
+  template <size_t I, class T>
+  using variant_alternative_t = typename variant_alternative<I, T>::type;
+
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const T>;
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, volatile T>;
+  template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const volatile T>;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  struct variant_alternative<I, variant<Types...>>;
+
+  constexpr size_t variant_npos = -1;
+
+  // 20.7.4, value access
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<Types...>&) noexcept;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>&
+  get(variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>&&
+  get(variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const&
+  get(const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const&&
+  get(const variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <class T, class...  Types>
+  constexpr T& get(variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr T&& get(variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr const T& get(const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr const T&& get(const variant<Types...>&&);
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+  get_if(variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <size_t I, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+  get_if(const variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<T>
+  get_if(variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  template <class T, class... Types>
+  constexpr add_pointer_t<const T>
+  get_if(const variant<Types...>*) noexcept;
+
+  // 20.7.5, relational operators
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator==(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator!=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator<(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator>(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator<=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  template <class... Types>
+  constexpr bool operator>=(const variant<Types...>&, const variant<Types...>&);
+
+  // 20.7.6, visitation
+  template <class Visitor, class... Variants>
+  constexpr see below visit(Visitor&&, Variants&&...);
+
+  // 20.7.7, class monostate
+  struct monostate;
+
+  // 20.7.8, monostate relational operators
+  constexpr bool operator<(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator>(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator<=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator>=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator==(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+  constexpr bool operator!=(monostate, monostate) noexcept;
+
+  // 20.7.9, specialized algorithms
+  template <class... Types>
+  void swap(variant<Types...>&, variant<Types...>&) noexcept(see below);
+
+  // 20.7.10, class bad_variant_access
+  class bad_variant_access;
+
+  // 20.7.11, hash support
+  template <class T> struct hash;
+  template <class... Types> struct hash<variant<Types...>>;
+  template <> struct hash<monostate>;
+
+  // 20.7.12, allocator-related traits
+  template <class T, class Alloc> struct uses_allocator;
+  template <class... Types, class Alloc>
+  struct uses_allocator<variant<Types...>, Alloc>;
+
+} // namespace std
+
+*/
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__tuple>
+#include <array>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <new>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+#define _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(...)                  \
+  noexcept(noexcept(__VA_ARGS__)) -> decltype(__VA_ARGS__) { \
+    return __VA_ARGS__;                                      \
+  }
+
+#define _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(base, ...) \
+  noexcept(noexcept(base##_type(__VA_ARGS__))) : base(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+template <bool... Bs>
+constexpr bool __all_v = __all<Bs...>::value;
+
+template <size_t _Ip>
+using __size_constant = integral_constant<size_t, _Ip>;
+
+class _LIBCPP_EXCEPTION_ABI bad_variant_access : public exception {
+public:
+  virtual ~bad_variant_access();
+  virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
+};
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
+
+template <class... _Types>
+class variant;
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_size;
+
+template <class _Tp>
+constexpr size_t variant_size_v = variant_size<_Tp>::value;
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_size<const _Tp>
+    : variant_size<_Tp> {};
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_size<volatile _Tp>
+    : variant_size<_Tp> {};
+
+template <class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_size<const volatile _Tp>
+    : variant_size<_Tp> {};
+
+template <class... _Types>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_size<variant<_Types...>>
+    : __size_constant<sizeof...(_Types)> {};
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative;
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp>
+using variant_alternative_t = typename variant_alternative<_Ip, _Tp>::type;
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, const _Tp>
+    : __identity<add_const_t<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, _Tp>>> {};
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, volatile _Tp>
+    : __identity<add_volatile_t<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, _Tp>>> {};
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, const volatile _Tp>
+    : __identity<add_cv_t<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, _Tp>>> {};
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY variant_alternative<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>
+    : __identity<__type_pack_element<_Ip, _Types...>> {};
+
+constexpr size_t variant_npos = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+struct __variant_valueless_t {};
+constexpr __variant_valueless_t __variant_valueless = __variant_valueless_t{};
+
+struct __variant_void {
+  __variant_void() = delete;
+  __variant_void(const __variant_void&) = default;
+  __variant_void(__variant_void&&) = default;
+  __variant_void& operator=(const __variant_void&) = default;
+  __variant_void& operator=(__variant_void&&) = default;
+};
+
+namespace __find_detail {
+
+  template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+  constexpr size_t __find_index() {
+    constexpr bool __matches[] = {is_same_v<_Tp, _Types>...};
+    size_t __result = __not_found;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < sizeof...(_Types); ++__i) {
+      if (__matches[__i]) {
+        if (__result != __not_found) {
+          return __ambiguous;
+        }
+        __result = __i;
+      }
+    }
+    return __result;
+  }
+
+  template <size_t __index>
+  struct __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae_impl : __size_constant<__index> {};
+
+  template <>
+  struct __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae_impl<__not_found> {};
+
+  template <>
+  struct __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae_impl<__ambiguous> {};
+
+  template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+  struct __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae
+      : __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae_impl<__find_index<_Tp, _Types...>()> {};
+
+}  // namespace __find_detail
+
+using __find_detail::__find_unambiguous_index_sfinae;
+
+template <class... _Types>
+class __variant_overload;
+
+template <>
+class __variant_overload<> {
+public:
+  void operator()() const;
+};
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+class __variant_overload<_Tp, _Types...>
+    : public __variant_overload<_Types...> {
+  using __base_type = __variant_overload<_Types...>;
+
+public:
+  using __base_type::operator();
+  _Tp operator()(_Tp) const;
+
+  template <class _Up = _Tp, enable_if_t<is_lvalue_reference_v<_Up>, int> = 0>
+  void operator()(remove_reference_t<_Tp>&&) const = delete;
+};
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+using __variant_best_match = result_of_t<__variant_overload<_Types...>(_Tp)>;
+
+struct __variant_union_access {
+  template <class _Vp>
+  static constexpr auto&& __get_alt(_Vp&& __v, in_place_index_t<0>) {
+    return _VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v).__head;
+  }
+
+  template <class _Vp, size_t _Ip>
+  static constexpr auto&& __get_alt(_Vp&& __v, in_place_index_t<_Ip>) {
+    return __get_alt(_VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v).__tail, in_place<_Ip - 1>);
+  }
+};
+
+struct __variant_impl_access {
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Vp>
+  static constexpr auto&& __get_alt(_Vp&& __v) {
+    return __variant_union_access::__get_alt(_VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v).__data,
+                                             in_place<_Ip>);
+  }
+};
+
+struct __variant_access {
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Vp>
+  static constexpr auto&& __get_alt(_Vp&& __v) {
+    return __variant_impl_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v).__impl);
+  }
+};
+
+namespace __variant_impl_visitation_detail {
+
+  template <class _Tp>
+  constexpr const _Tp& __at_impl(const _Tp& __elem, const size_t*) {
+    return __elem;
+  }
+
+  template <class _Tp, size_t _Np>
+  constexpr auto&& __at_impl(const array<_Tp, _Np>& __elems,
+                             const size_t* __index) {
+    return __at_impl(__elems[*__index], __index + 1);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Tp, size_t _Np, size_t _Ip>
+  constexpr auto&& __at(const array<_Tp, _Np>& __elems,
+                        const size_t (&__indices)[_Ip]) {
+    return __at_impl(__elems, begin(__indices));
+  }
+
+  template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+  struct __all_same : __all<is_same_v<_Tp, _Types>...> {};
+
+  template <class... _Types>
+  constexpr void __variant_visit_has_same_return_types(true_type) {}
+
+  template <class... _Types>
+  constexpr void __variant_visit_has_same_return_types(false_type) = delete;
+
+  template <class... _Args>
+  constexpr array<common_type_t<decay_t<_Args>...>, sizeof...(_Args)>
+  __make_array(_Args&&... __args) {
+    using __all_same = __all_same<decay_t<_Args>...>;
+    __variant_visit_has_same_return_types<decay_t<_Args>...>(__all_same{});
+    return {{_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...}};
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class... _Vs, size_t... _Is>
+  constexpr auto __make_dispatch(index_sequence<_Is...>) {
+    struct __dispatcher {
+      static constexpr decltype(auto) __dispatch(_Fp __f, _Vs... __vs) {
+        return __invoke_constexpr(
+            static_cast<_Fp>(__f),
+            __variant_impl_access::__get_alt<_Is>(static_cast<_Vs>(__vs))...);
+      }
+    };
+    return _VSTD::addressof(__dispatcher::__dispatch);
+  }
+
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Fp, class... _Vs>
+  constexpr auto __make_fdiagonal_impl() {
+    return __make_dispatch<_Fp, _Vs...>(
+        index_sequence<(__identity<_Vs>{}, _Ip)...>{});
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class... _Vs, size_t... _Is>
+  constexpr auto __make_fdiagonal_impl(index_sequence<_Is...>) {
+    return __make_array(__make_fdiagonal_impl<_Is, _Fp, _Vs...>()...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class _Vp, class... _Vs>
+  constexpr auto __make_fdiagonal() {
+    constexpr size_t _Np = decay_t<_Vp>::__size();
+    static_assert(__all_v<(_Np == decay_t<_Vs>::__size())...>);
+    return __make_fdiagonal_impl<_Fp, _Vp, _Vs...>(make_index_sequence<_Np>{});
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class... _Vs, size_t... _Is>
+  constexpr auto __make_fmatrix_impl(index_sequence<_Is...> __is) {
+    return __make_dispatch<_Fp, _Vs...>(__is);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class... _Vs, size_t... _Is, size_t... _Js, class... _Ls>
+  constexpr auto __make_fmatrix_impl(index_sequence<_Is...>,
+                                     index_sequence<_Js...>,
+                                     _Ls... __ls) {
+    return __make_array(__make_fmatrix_impl<_Fp, _Vs...>(
+        index_sequence<_Is..., _Js>{}, __ls...)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Fp, class... _Vs>
+  constexpr auto __make_fmatrix() {
+    return __make_fmatrix_impl<_Fp, _Vs...>(
+        index_sequence<>{}, make_index_sequence<decay_t<_Vs>::__size()>{}...);
+  }
+
+}  // namespace __variant_impl_visitation_detail
+
+struct __variant_impl_visitation {
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_alt_at(size_t __index,
+                                                 _Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                                 _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    using namespace __variant_impl_visitation_detail;
+    constexpr auto __fdiagonal = __make_fdiagonal<
+        _Visitor&&,
+        decltype(_VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__as_variant_base())...>();
+    return __fdiagonal[__index](
+        _VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__as_variant_base()...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_alt(_Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                              _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    using namespace __variant_impl_visitation_detail;
+    constexpr auto __fmatrix = __make_fmatrix<
+        _Visitor&&,
+        decltype(_VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__as_variant_base())...>();
+    const size_t __indices[] = {__vs.index()...};
+    return __at(__fmatrix, __indices)(
+        _VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__as_variant_base()...);
+  }
+};
+
+struct __variant_visitation {
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_alt_at(size_t __index,
+                                                 _Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                                 _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    return __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt_at(
+        __index,
+        _VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__impl...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_alt(_Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                              _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    return __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt(
+        _VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs).__impl...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Visitor>
+  struct __value_visitor {
+    template <class... _Alts>
+    constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(_Alts&&... __alts) const {
+      return __invoke_constexpr(static_cast<_Visitor>(__visitor),
+                                _VSTD::forward<_Alts>(__alts).__get_value()...);
+    }
+
+    _Visitor __visitor;
+  };
+
+  template <class _Visitor>
+  static constexpr auto __make_value_visitor(_Visitor&& __visitor) {
+    return __value_visitor<_Visitor&&>{_VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor)};
+  }
+
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_value_at(size_t __index,
+                                                   _Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                                   _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    return __visit_alt_at(
+        __index,
+        __make_value_visitor(_VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor)),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+  static constexpr decltype(auto) __visit_value(_Visitor&& __visitor,
+                                                _Vs&&... __vs) {
+    return __visit_alt(
+        __make_value_visitor(_VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor)),
+        _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs)...);
+  }
+};
+
+template <size_t __index, class _Tp>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY __variant_alt {
+  using __value_type = _Tp;
+
+  __variant_alt() = delete;
+  __variant_alt(const __variant_alt&) = delete;
+  __variant_alt(__variant_alt&&) = delete;
+  __variant_alt& operator=(const __variant_alt&) = delete;
+  __variant_alt& operator=(__variant_alt&&) = delete;
+
+  template <class... _Args>
+  explicit constexpr __variant_alt(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
+      : __value(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc, class... _Args>
+  explicit __variant_alt(allocator_arg_t,
+                         const _Alloc&,
+                         integral_constant<int, 0>,
+                         _Args&&... __args)
+      : __value(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc, class... _Args>
+  explicit __variant_alt(allocator_arg_t,
+                         const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                         integral_constant<int, 1>,
+                         _Args&&... __args)
+      : __value(allocator_arg, __alloc, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc, class... _Args>
+  explicit __variant_alt(allocator_arg_t,
+                         const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                         integral_constant<int, 2>,
+                         _Args&&... __args)
+      : __value(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)..., __alloc) {}
+
+  constexpr auto&& __get_value() & {
+    return static_cast<__value_type&>(__value);
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto&& __get_value() && {
+    return static_cast<__value_type&&>(__value);
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto&& __get_value() const & {
+    return static_cast<const __value_type&>(__value);
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto&& __get_value() const && {
+    return static_cast<const __value_type&&>(__value);
+  }
+
+private:
+  __value_type __value;
+};
+
+template <bool __trivially_destructible, size_t __index, class... _Types>
+union __variant_union;
+
+template <bool __trivially_destructible, size_t __index>
+union __variant_union<__trivially_destructible, __index> {};
+
+#define _LIBCPP_VARIANT_UNION(__trivially_destructible, dtor)                  \
+  template <size_t __index, class _Tp, class... _Types>                        \
+  union __variant_union<__trivially_destructible, __index, _Tp, _Types...> {   \
+  public:                                                                      \
+    explicit constexpr __variant_union(__variant_valueless_t) noexcept         \
+        : __dummy{} {}                                                         \
+                                                                               \
+    template <class... _Args>                                                  \
+    explicit constexpr __variant_union(in_place_index_t<0>, _Args&&... __args) \
+        : __head(in_place, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}                \
+                                                                               \
+    template <size_t _Ip, class... _Args>                                      \
+    explicit constexpr __variant_union(in_place_index_t<_Ip>,                  \
+                                       _Args&&... __args)                      \
+        : __tail(in_place<_Ip - 1>, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}       \
+                                                                               \
+    template <class _Alloc, class... _Args>                                    \
+    explicit constexpr __variant_union(allocator_arg_t,                        \
+                                       const _Alloc& __alloc,                  \
+                                       in_place_index_t<0>,                    \
+                                       _Args&&... __args)                      \
+        : __head(allocator_arg,                                                \
+                 __alloc,                                                      \
+                 __uses_alloc_ctor<_Tp, _Alloc, _Args&&...>{},                 \
+                 _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}                          \
+                                                                               \
+    template <class _Alloc, size_t _Ip, class... _Args>                        \
+    explicit constexpr __variant_union(allocator_arg_t,                        \
+                                       const _Alloc& __alloc,                  \
+                                       in_place_index_t<_Ip>,                  \
+                                       _Args&&... __args)                      \
+        : __tail(allocator_arg,                                                \
+                 __alloc,                                                      \
+                 in_place<_Ip - 1>,                                            \
+                 _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}                          \
+                                                                               \
+    dtor                                                                       \
+                                                                               \
+  private:                                                                     \
+    char __dummy;                                                              \
+    __variant_alt<__index, _Tp> __head;                                        \
+    __variant_union<__trivially_destructible, __index + 1, _Types...> __tail;  \
+                                                                               \
+    friend struct __variant_union_access;                                      \
+  }
+
+_LIBCPP_VARIANT_UNION(true , ~__variant_union() = default;);
+_LIBCPP_VARIANT_UNION(false, ~__variant_union() {});
+
+#undef _LIBCPP_VARIANT_UNION
+
+template <bool __trivially_destructible, class... _Types>
+class __variant_base {
+public:
+  static constexpr size_t __size() { return sizeof...(_Types); }
+
+  explicit constexpr __variant_base(__variant_valueless_t) noexcept
+      : __index(variant_npos), __data(__variant_valueless) {}
+
+  template <size_t _Ip,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types)), int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args&&...>, int> = 0>
+  explicit constexpr __variant_base(
+      in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+      _Args&&... __args) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args&&...>)
+      : __index(_Ip), __data(in_place<_Ip>, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            size_t _Ip,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types)), int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args&&...>, int> = 0>
+  explicit __variant_base(allocator_arg_t,
+                          const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                          in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                          _Args&&... __args)
+      : __index(_Ip),
+        __data(allocator_arg,
+               __alloc,
+               in_place<_Ip>,
+               _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept {
+    return index() == variant_npos;
+  }
+
+  constexpr size_t index() const noexcept { return __index; }
+
+protected:
+  constexpr auto&& __as_variant_base() & { return *this; }
+  constexpr auto&& __as_variant_base() && { return _VSTD::move(*this); }
+  constexpr auto&& __as_variant_base() const & { return *this; }
+  constexpr auto&& __as_variant_base() const && { return _VSTD::move(*this); }
+
+  size_t __index;
+  __variant_union<__trivially_destructible, 0, _Types...> __data;
+
+  friend struct __variant_impl_access;
+  friend struct __variant_impl_visitation;
+};
+
+// Provides the appropriate destructor and a `__destroy` function based on
+// whether all types of alternatives are `__trivially_destructible`.
+template <bool __trivially_destructible, class... _Types>
+class __variant_dtor;
+
+template <class... _Types>
+class __variant_dtor</* __trivially_destructible */ true, _Types...>
+    : public __variant_base<true, _Types...> {
+  using __base_type = __variant_base<true, _Types...>;
+
+public:
+  using __base_type::__base_type;
+  ~__variant_dtor() = default;
+
+protected:
+  void __destroy() noexcept { this->__index = variant_npos; }
+};
+
+template <class... _Types>
+class __variant_dtor</* __trivially_destructible */ false, _Types...>
+    : public __variant_base<false, _Types...> {
+  using __base_type = __variant_base<false, _Types...>;
+
+public:
+  using __base_type::__base_type;
+  ~__variant_dtor() { __destroy(); }
+
+protected:
+  void __destroy() noexcept {
+    if (!this->valueless_by_exception()) {
+      __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt(
+          [](auto& __alt) noexcept {
+            using __alt_type = decay_t<decltype(__alt)>;
+            __alt.~__alt_type();
+          },
+          *this);
+    }
+    this->__index = variant_npos;
+  }
+};
+
+template <class... _Types>
+struct __variant_impl
+    : public __variant_dtor<__all_v<is_trivially_destructible_v<_Types>...>,
+                            _Types...> {
+  using __base_type =
+      __variant_dtor<__all_v<is_trivially_destructible_v<_Types>...>,
+                     _Types...>;
+
+public:
+  using __base_type::__base_type;
+
+  __variant_impl(
+      const conditional_t<__all_v<is_copy_constructible_v<_Types>...>,
+                          __variant_impl,
+                          __nat>& __that)
+      : __variant_impl(__variant_valueless) {
+    static_assert(!is_same_v<decay_t<decltype(__that)>, __nat>);
+    __generic_construct(*this, __that);
+  }
+
+  __variant_impl(
+      conditional_t<__all_v<is_move_constructible_v<_Types>...>,
+                    __variant_impl,
+                    __nat>&&
+          __that) noexcept(__all_v<is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Types>...>)
+      : __variant_impl(__variant_valueless) {
+    static_assert(!is_same_v<decay_t<decltype(__that)>, __nat>);
+    __generic_construct(*this, _VSTD::move(__that));
+  }
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            bool __dummy = false,
+            enable_if_t<__all_v<__dependent_type<is_copy_constructible<_Types>,
+                                                 __dummy>::value...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  __variant_impl(allocator_arg_t,
+                 const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                 const __variant_impl& __that)
+      : __variant_impl(__variant_valueless) {
+    __generic_construct(*this, allocator_arg, __alloc, __that);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            bool __dummy = false,
+            enable_if_t<__all_v<__dependent_type<is_move_constructible<_Types>,
+                                                 __dummy>::value...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  __variant_impl(allocator_arg_t,
+                 const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                 __variant_impl&& __that)
+      : __variant_impl(__variant_valueless) {
+    __generic_construct(*this, allocator_arg, __alloc, _VSTD::move(__that));
+  }
+
+  __variant_impl& operator=(
+      const conditional_t<__all_v<(is_copy_constructible_v<_Types> &&
+                                   is_move_constructible_v<_Types> &&
+                                   is_copy_assignable_v<_Types>)...>,
+                          __variant_impl,
+                          __nat>& __that) {
+    static_assert(!is_same_v<decay_t<decltype(__that)>, __nat>);
+    return __generic_assign(__that);
+  }
+
+  __variant_impl& operator=(
+      conditional_t<__all_v<(is_move_constructible_v<_Types> &&
+                             is_move_assignable_v<_Types>)...>,
+                    __variant_impl,
+                    __nat>&&
+          __that) noexcept(__all_v<(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Types> &&
+                                    is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<_Types>)...>) {
+    static_assert(!is_same_v<decay_t<decltype(__that)>, __nat>);
+    return __generic_assign(_VSTD::move(__that));
+  }
+
+  template <size_t _Ip,
+            class _Arg,
+            enable_if_t<(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types)), int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>,
+            enable_if_t<(is_assignable_v<_Tp&, _Arg&&> &&
+                         is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Arg&&>),
+                        int> = 0>
+  void __assign(_Arg&& __arg) noexcept(
+      (is_nothrow_assignable_v<_Tp&, _Arg&&> &&
+       is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Arg&&>)) {
+    __assign_alt(__variant_impl_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(*this),
+                 _VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg),
+                 false_type{});
+  }
+
+  template <size_t _Ip,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types)), int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args&&...>, int> = 0>
+  void emplace(_Args&&... __args) {
+    this->__destroy();
+    __construct_alt(__variant_impl_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(*this),
+                    in_place,
+                    _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+    this->__index = _Ip;
+  }
+
+  template <
+      bool __dummy = false,
+      enable_if_t<
+          __all_v<(
+              __dependent_type<is_move_constructible<_Types>, __dummy>::value &&
+              __dependent_type<is_swappable<_Types>, __dummy>::value)...>,
+          int> = 0>
+  void swap(__variant_impl& __that) noexcept(
+      __all_v<(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Types> &&
+               is_nothrow_swappable_v<_Types>)...>) {
+    if (this->valueless_by_exception() && __that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+      // do nothing.
+    } else if (this->index() == __that.index()) {
+      __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt_at(
+          this->index(),
+          [](auto& __this_alt, auto& __that_alt) {
+            using _VSTD::swap;
+            swap(__this_alt.__get_value(), __that_alt.__get_value());
+          },
+          *this,
+          __that);
+    } else {
+      __variant_impl* __lhs = this;
+      __variant_impl* __rhs = _VSTD::addressof(__that);
+      if (__lhs->__is_nothrow_move_constructible() &&
+          !__rhs->__is_nothrow_move_constructible()) {
+        _VSTD::swap(__lhs, __rhs);
+      }
+      __variant_impl __tmp(_VSTD::move(*__rhs));
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+      // EXTENSION: When the move construction of `__lhs` into `__rhs` throws
+      // and `__tmp` is nothrow move constructible then we move `__tmp` back
+      // into `__rhs` and provide the strong exception safety guarentee.
+      try {
+        __generic_construct(*__rhs, _VSTD::move(*__lhs));
+      } catch (...) {
+        if (__tmp.__is_nothrow_move_constructible()) {
+          __generic_construct(*__rhs, _VSTD::move(__tmp));
+        }
+        throw;
+      }
+#else
+      __generic_construct(*__rhs, _VSTD::move(*__lhs));
+#endif
+      __generic_construct(*__lhs, _VSTD::move(__tmp));
+    }
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool __is_nothrow_move_constructible() const {
+    constexpr bool __results[] = {is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Types>...};
+    return this->valueless_by_exception() || __results[this->index()];
+  }
+
+  template <bool __copy_assign, size_t _Ip, class _Tp, class _Arg>
+  void __assign_alt(__variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>& __alt,
+                    _Arg&& __arg,
+                    bool_constant<__copy_assign> __tag) {
+    if (this->index() == _Ip) {
+      __alt.__get_value() = _VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg);
+    } else {
+      struct {
+        void operator()(true_type) const {
+          __this->emplace<_Ip>(_Tp(static_cast<_Arg&&>(__arg)));
+        }
+        void operator()(false_type) const {
+          __this->emplace<_Ip>(static_cast<_Arg&&>(__arg));
+        }
+        __variant_impl* __this;
+        _Arg&& __arg;
+      } __impl{this, _VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg)};
+      __impl(__tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <class _That>
+  __variant_impl& __generic_assign(_That&& __that) {
+    static_assert(is_same_v<decay_t<_That>, __variant_impl>);
+    if (this->valueless_by_exception() && __that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+      // do nothing.
+    } else if (__that.valueless_by_exception()) {
+      this->__destroy();
+    } else {
+      __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt_at(
+          __that.index(),
+          [this](auto& __this_alt, auto&& __that_alt) {
+            __assign_alt(
+                __this_alt,
+                _VSTD::forward<decltype(__that_alt)>(__that_alt).__get_value(),
+                is_lvalue_reference<_That&&>{});
+          },
+          *this,
+          _VSTD::forward<_That>(__that));
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp, class... _Args>
+  static void __construct_alt(__variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>& __alt,
+                              in_place_t,
+                              _Args&&... __args) {
+    ::new (_VSTD::addressof(__alt))
+        __variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>(in_place, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Tp, class _Alloc, class... _Args>
+  static void __construct_alt(__variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>& __alt,
+                              allocator_arg_t,
+                              const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                              _Args&&... __args) {
+    ::new (_VSTD::addressof(__alt))
+        __variant_alt<_Ip, _Tp>(allocator_arg,
+                                __alloc,
+                                __uses_alloc_ctor<_Tp, _Alloc, _Args&&...>{},
+                                _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class _Rhs>
+  static void __generic_construct(__variant_impl& __lhs, _Rhs&& __rhs) {
+    static_assert(is_same_v<decay_t<_Rhs>, __variant_impl>);
+    __lhs.__destroy();
+    if (!__rhs.valueless_by_exception()) {
+      __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt_at(
+          __rhs.index(),
+          [](auto& __lhs_alt, auto&& __rhs_alt) {
+            __construct_alt(
+                __lhs_alt,
+                in_place,
+                _VSTD::forward<decltype(__rhs_alt)>(__rhs_alt).__get_value());
+          },
+          __lhs,
+          _VSTD::forward<_Rhs>(__rhs));
+      __lhs.__index = __rhs.index();
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <class _Alloc, class _Rhs>
+  static void __generic_construct(__variant_impl& __lhs,
+                                  allocator_arg_t,
+                                  const _Alloc& __alloc,
+                                  _Rhs&& __rhs) {
+    static_assert(is_same_v<decay_t<_Rhs>, __variant_impl>);
+    __lhs.__destroy();
+    if (!__rhs.valueless_by_exception()) {
+      __variant_impl_visitation::__visit_alt_at(
+          __rhs.index(),
+          [&__alloc](auto& __lhs_alt, auto&& __rhs_alt) {
+            __construct_alt(
+                __lhs_alt,
+                allocator_arg,
+                __alloc,
+                _VSTD::forward<decltype(__rhs_alt)>(__rhs_alt).__get_value());
+          },
+          __lhs,
+          _VSTD::forward<_Rhs>(__rhs));
+      __lhs.__index = __rhs.index();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+class variant<> {
+  variant() = delete;
+  variant(const variant&) = delete;
+  variant(variant&&) = delete;
+  variant& operator=(const variant&) = delete;
+  variant& operator=(variant&&) = delete;
+};
+
+template <class... _Types>
+class variant {
+  template <class _Tp>
+  using __transform = conditional_t<is_void_v<_Tp>, __variant_void, _Tp>;
+
+  template <class _Arg>
+  using __variant_best_match =
+      __variant_best_match<_Arg, __transform<_Types>...>;
+
+  template <class _Tp>
+  using __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae =
+      __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp, __transform<_Types>...>;
+
+  using __impl_type = __variant_impl<__transform<_Types>...>;
+
+  __impl_type __impl;
+
+public:
+  template <
+      class _Impl = __impl_type,
+      enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Impl, in_place_index_t<0>>, int> = 0>
+  constexpr variant() _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl, in_place<0>) {}
+
+  variant(const variant&) = default;
+  variant(variant&&) = default;
+
+  template <class _Arg,
+            enable_if_t<!is_same_v<decay_t<_Arg>, variant>, int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = __variant_best_match<_Arg&&>,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+            enable_if_t<
+                is_constructible_v<__impl_type, in_place_index_t<_Ip>, _Arg&&>,
+                int> = 0>
+  constexpr variant(_Arg&& __arg)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg)) {}
+
+  template <
+      size_t _Ip,
+      class... _Args,
+      enable_if_t<
+          is_constructible_v<__impl_type, in_place_index_t<_Ip>, _Args&&...>,
+          int> = 0>
+  explicit constexpr variant(in_place_index_t<_Ip>, _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <size_t _Ip,
+            class _Up,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           initializer_list<_Up>&,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  explicit constexpr variant(in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                             initializer_list<_Up> __il,
+                             _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            __il,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <
+      class _Tp,
+      class... _Args,
+      size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+      enable_if_t<
+          is_constructible_v<__impl_type, in_place_index_t<_Ip>, _Args&&...>,
+          int> = 0>
+  explicit constexpr variant(in_place_type_t<_Tp>, _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Tp,
+            class _Up,
+            class... _Args,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           initializer_list<_Up>&,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  explicit constexpr variant(in_place_type_t<_Tp>,
+                             initializer_list<_Up> __il,
+                             _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            __il,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<0>>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __alloc)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl, allocator_arg, __alloc, in_place<0>) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           const __impl_type&>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __alloc, const variant& __that)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl, allocator_arg, __alloc, __that.__impl) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           __impl_type&&>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __alloc, variant&& __that)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            _VSTD::move(__that).__impl) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            class _Arg,
+            enable_if_t<!is_same_v<decay_t<_Arg>, variant>, int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = __variant_best_match<_Arg&&>,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           _Arg&&>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __alloc, _Arg&& __arg)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg)) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            size_t _Ip,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t,
+          const _Alloc& __alloc,
+          in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+          _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            size_t _Ip,
+            class _Up,
+            class... _Args,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           initializer_list<_Up>&,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t,
+          const _Alloc& __alloc,
+          in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+          initializer_list<_Up> __il,
+          _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            __il,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            class _Tp,
+            class... _Args,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t,
+          const _Alloc& __alloc,
+          in_place_type_t<_Tp>,
+          _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  template <class _Alloc,
+            class _Tp,
+            class _Up,
+            class... _Args,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value,
+            enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<__impl_type,
+                                           allocator_arg_t,
+                                           const _Alloc&,
+                                           in_place_index_t<_Ip>,
+                                           initializer_list<_Up>&,
+                                           _Args&&...>,
+                        int> = 0>
+  variant(allocator_arg_t,
+          const _Alloc& __alloc,
+          in_place_type_t<_Tp>,
+          initializer_list<_Up> __il,
+          _Args&&... __args)
+      _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT(__impl,
+                            allocator_arg,
+                            __alloc,
+                            in_place<_Ip>,
+                            __il,
+                            _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
+
+  ~variant() = default;
+
+  variant& operator=(const variant&) = default;
+  variant& operator=(variant&&) = default;
+
+  template <class _Arg,
+            enable_if_t<!is_same_v<decay_t<_Arg>, variant>, int> = 0,
+            class _Tp = __variant_best_match<_Arg&&>,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value>
+  auto operator=(_Arg&& __arg)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(
+        __impl.template __assign<_Ip>(_VSTD::forward<_Arg>(__arg)))
+
+  template <size_t _Ip, class... _Args>
+  auto emplace(_Args&&... __args)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(
+        __impl.template emplace<_Ip>(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...))
+
+  template <size_t _Ip, class _Up, class... _Args>
+  auto emplace(initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(
+        __impl.template emplace<_Ip>(__il, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...))
+
+  template <class _Tp,
+            class... _Args,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value>
+  auto emplace(_Args&&... __args)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(
+        __impl.template emplace<_Ip>(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...))
+
+  template <class _Tp,
+            class _Up,
+            class... _Args,
+            size_t _Ip = __find_unambiguous_index_sfinae<_Tp>::value>
+  auto emplace(initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(
+        __impl.template emplace<_Ip>(__il, _VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...))
+
+  constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept {
+    return __impl.valueless_by_exception();
+  }
+
+  constexpr size_t index() const noexcept { return __impl.index(); }
+
+  template <class _Vp = variant>
+  auto swap(_Vp& __that)
+    _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(__impl.swap(__that.__impl))
+
+private:
+  friend struct __variant_access;
+  friend struct __variant_visitation;
+};
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr bool __holds_alternative(const variant<_Types...>& __v) noexcept {
+  return __v.index() == _Ip;
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<_Types...>& __v) noexcept {
+  return __holds_alternative<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(__v);
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Vp>
+static constexpr auto&& __generic_get(_Vp&& __v) {
+  return __holds_alternative<_Ip>(__v)
+             ? __variant_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(_VSTD::forward<_Vp>(__v))
+                   .__get_value()
+             : throw bad_variant_access{};
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>& get(
+    variant<_Types...>& __v) {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get<_Ip>(__v);
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>&& get(
+    variant<_Types...>&& __v) {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get<_Ip>(_VSTD::move(__v));
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr const variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>& get(
+    const variant<_Types...>& __v) {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get<_Ip>(__v);
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr const variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>&& get(
+    const variant<_Types...>&& __v) {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get<_Ip>(_VSTD::move(__v));
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr _Tp& get(variant<_Types...>& __v) {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(__v);
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr _Tp&& get(variant<_Types...>&& __v) {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(
+      _VSTD::move(__v));
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr const _Tp& get(const variant<_Types...>& __v) {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(__v);
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr const _Tp&& get(const variant<_Types...>&& __v) {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(
+      _VSTD::move(__v));
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class _Vp>
+constexpr auto* __generic_get_if(_Vp* __v) noexcept {
+  return __v && __holds_alternative<_Ip>(*__v)
+             ? _VSTD::addressof(
+                   __variant_access::__get_alt<_Ip>(*__v).__get_value())
+             : nullptr;
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr add_pointer_t<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>
+get_if(variant<_Types...>* __v) noexcept {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get_if<_Ip>(__v);
+}
+
+template <size_t _Ip, class... _Types>
+constexpr add_pointer_t<const variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>
+get_if(const variant<_Types...>* __v) noexcept {
+  static_assert(_Ip < sizeof...(_Types));
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<variant_alternative_t<_Ip, variant<_Types...>>>);
+  return __generic_get_if<_Ip>(__v);
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr add_pointer_t<_Tp>
+get_if(variant<_Types...>* __v) noexcept {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get_if<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(__v);
+}
+
+template <class _Tp, class... _Types>
+constexpr add_pointer_t<const _Tp>
+get_if(const variant<_Types...>* __v) noexcept {
+  static_assert(!is_void_v<_Tp>);
+  return _VSTD::get_if<__find_exactly_one_t<_Tp, _Types...>::value>(__v);
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator==(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                          const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return (__lhs.valueless_by_exception() && __rhs.valueless_by_exception()) ||
+         (__lhs.index() == __rhs.index() &&
+          __variant_visitation::__visit_value_at(
+              __lhs.index(), equal_to<>{}, __lhs, __rhs));
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                          const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return !(__lhs == __rhs);
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator<(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                         const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return (__lhs.index() < __rhs.index()) ||
+         ((__lhs.index() == __rhs.index()) && !__lhs.valueless_by_exception() &&
+          __variant_visitation::__visit_value_at(
+              __lhs.index(), less<>{}, __lhs, __rhs));
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator>(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                         const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return __rhs < __lhs;
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator<=(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                          const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return !(__lhs > __rhs);
+}
+
+template <class... _Types>
+constexpr bool operator>=(const variant<_Types...>& __lhs,
+                          const variant<_Types...>& __rhs) {
+  return !(__lhs < __rhs);
+}
+
+template <class _Visitor, class... _Vs>
+constexpr decltype(auto) visit(_Visitor&& __visitor, _Vs&&... __vs) {
+  bool __results[] = {__vs.valueless_by_exception()...};
+  for (bool __result : __results) {
+    if (__result) {
+      throw bad_variant_access{};
+    }
+  }
+  return __variant_visitation::__visit_value(
+      _VSTD::forward<_Visitor>(__visitor), _VSTD::forward<_Vs>(__vs)...);
+}
+
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY monostate {};
+
+constexpr bool operator<(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+constexpr bool operator>(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+constexpr bool operator<=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+constexpr bool operator>=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+constexpr bool operator==(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+constexpr bool operator!=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+
+template <class... _Types>
+auto swap(variant<_Types...>& __lhs, variant<_Types...>& __rhs)
+  _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN(__lhs.swap(__rhs))
+
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY hash<variant<>> {
+  hash() = delete;
+  hash(const hash&) = delete;
+  hash(hash&&) = delete;
+  hash& operator=(const hash&) = delete;
+  hash& operator=(hash&&) = delete;
+};
+
+template <class... _Types>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY hash<variant<_Types...>> {
+  using argument_type = variant<_Types...>;
+  using result_type = size_t;
+
+  result_type operator()(const argument_type& __v) const {
+    return __v.valueless_by_exception()
+               ? variant_npos
+               : __variant_visitation::__visit_alt(
+                     [](const auto& __alt) {
+                       using __alt_type = decay_t<decltype(__alt)>;
+                       using __value_type = typename __alt_type::__value_type;
+                       return hash<__value_type>{}(__alt.__get_value());
+                     },
+                     __v);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY hash<monostate> {
+  using argument_type = monostate;
+  using result_type = size_t;
+
+  result_type operator()(const argument_type&) const { return 0; }
+};
+
+template <class... _Types, class _Alloc>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY uses_allocator<variant<_Types...>, _Alloc>
+    : true_type {};
+
+#endif  // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#undef _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_INIT
+#undef _LIBCPP_NOEXCEPT_SFINAE_RETURN
+
+#endif  // _LIBCPP_VARIANT

src/variant.cpp

+//===------------------------ variant.cpp ---------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "variant"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+bad_variant_access::~bad_variant_access() = default;
+
+const char* bad_variant_access::what() const noexcept {
+  return "bad_variant_access";
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

test/std/variant/variant.hash/hash.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ..._Types> struct hash<variant<Types...>>;
+// template <> struct hash<monostate>;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "variant_test_helpers.hpp"
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+namespace std {
+  template <>
+  struct hash<::MakeEmptyT> {
+    size_t operator()(::MakeEmptyT const&) const { assert(false); return 0; }
+  };
+}
+#endif
+
+void test_hash_variant()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        using H = std::hash<V>;
+        const V v(42);
+        V v2(100);
+        const H h{};
+        assert(h(v) == std::hash<int>{}(42));
+        assert(h(v2) == std::hash<int>{}(100));
+        {
+            ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(h(v)), std::size_t);
+            static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<H>::value, "");
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::monostate, int, long, const char*>;
+        using H = std::hash<V>;
+        const char* str = "hello";
+        const V v0;
+        const V v1(42);
+        V v2(100l);
+        V v3(str);
+        const H h{};
+        assert(h(v0) == std::hash<std::monostate>{}(std::monostate{}));
+        assert(h(v1) == std::hash<int>{}(42));
+        assert(h(v2) == std::hash<long>{}(100));
+        assert(h(v3) == std::hash<const char*>{}(str));
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        using H = std::hash<V>;
+        V v; makeEmpty(v);
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        const H h{};
+        assert(h(v) == h(v2));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_hash_monostate()
+{
+    using H = std::hash<std::monostate>;
+    const H h{};
+    std::monostate m1{};
+    const std::monostate m2{};
+    assert(h(m1) == h(m1));
+    assert(h(m2) == h(m2));
+    assert(h(m1) == h(m2));
+    {
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(h(m1)), std::size_t);
+        static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<H>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_hash_variant();
+    test_hash_monostate();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.helpers/variant_alternative.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative; // undefined
+// template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const T>;
+// template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, volatile T>;
+// template <size_t I, class T> struct variant_alternative<I, const volatile T>;
+// template <size_t I, class T>
+//   using variant_alternative_t = typename variant_alternative<I, T>::type;
+//
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//    struct variant_alternative<I, variant<Types...>>;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <memory>
+
+template <class V, size_t I, class E>
+void test() {
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        typename std::variant_alternative<I, V>::type, E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        typename std::variant_alternative<I, const V>::type, const E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        typename std::variant_alternative<I, volatile V>::type, volatile E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        typename std::variant_alternative<I, const volatile V>::type, const volatile E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        std::variant_alternative_t<I, V>, E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        std::variant_alternative_t<I, const V>, const E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        std::variant_alternative_t<I, volatile V>, volatile E>, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same_v<
+        std::variant_alternative_t<I, const volatile V>, const volatile E>, "");
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test<std::variant<void>, 0, void>();
+    using V = std::variant<int, int&, int const&, int&&, long double>;
+    test<V, 0, int>();
+    test<V, 1, int&>();
+    test<V, 2, int const&>();
+    test<V, 3, int&&>();
+    test<V, 4, long double>();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.helpers/variant_size.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class T> struct variant_size; // undefined
+// template <class T> struct variant_size<const T>;
+// template <class T> struct variant_size<volatile T>;
+// template <class T> struct variant_size<const volatile T>;
+// template <class T> constexpr size_t variant_size_v
+// = variant_size<T>::value;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <memory>
+
+template <class V, size_t E>
+void test() {
+    static_assert(std::variant_size<V>::value == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size<const V>::value == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size<volatile V>::value == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size<const volatile V>::value == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size_v<V> == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size_v<const V> == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size_v<volatile V> == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::variant_size_v<const volatile V> == E, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<std::integral_constant<std::size_t, E>,
+                                  std::variant_size<V>>::value, "");
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    test<std::variant<>, 0>();
+    test<std::variant<void>, 1>();
+    test<std::variant<long, long, void, double>, 4>();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.bad_variant_access/bad_variant_access.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+/*
+
+ class bad_variant_access : public exception {
+public:
+  bad_variant_access() noexcept;
+  virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
+};
+
+*/
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <exception>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+int main()
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<std::exception, std::bad_variant_access>::value, "");
+    static_assert(noexcept(std::bad_variant_access{}), "must be noexcept");
+    static_assert(noexcept(std::bad_variant_access{}.what()), "must be noexcept");
+    std::bad_variant_access ex;
+    assert(ex.what());
+
+}

test/std/variant/variant.general/nothing_to_do.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int main()
+{
+}

test/std/variant/variant.get/get_if_index.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//  constexpr add_pointer_t<variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+//   get_if(variant<Types...>* v) noexcept;
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//  constexpr add_pointer_t<const variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>>
+//   get_if(const variant<Types...>* v) noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+void test_const_get_if() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr const V* v = nullptr;
+        static_assert(std::get_if<0>(v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOEXCEPT(std::get_if<0>(&v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(&v)), int const*);
+        static_assert(*std::get_if<0>(&v) == 42, "");
+        static_assert(std::get_if<1>(&v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<1>(&v)), long const*);
+        static_assert(*std::get_if<1>(&v) == 42, "");
+        static_assert(std::get_if<0>(&v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_get_if()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V* v = nullptr;
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(v) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOEXCEPT(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(*std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == 42);
+        assert(std::get_if<1>(std::addressof(v)) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<1>(std::addressof(v))), long*);
+        assert(*std::get_if<1>(std::addressof(v)) == 42);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<0>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_const_get_if();
+    test_get_if();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.get/get_if_type.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+//  template <class T, class... Types>
+//  constexpr add_pointer_t<T> get_if(variant<Types...>* v) noexcept;
+// template <class T, class... Types>
+//  constexpr add_pointer_t<const T> get_if(const variant<Types...>* v) noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+void test_const_get_if() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr const V* v = nullptr;
+        static_assert(std::get_if<int>(v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOEXCEPT(std::get_if<int>(&v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int>(&v)), int const*);
+        static_assert(*std::get_if<int>(&v) == 42, "");
+        static_assert(std::get_if<long>(&v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<long>(&v)), long const*);
+        static_assert(*std::get_if<long>(&v) == 42, "");
+        static_assert(std::get_if<int>(&v) == nullptr, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int&>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<int&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int&&>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<int&&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<const int&&>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<const int&&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_get_if()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V* v = nullptr;
+        assert(std::get_if<int>(v) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOEXCEPT(std::get_if<int>(std::addressof(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(*std::get_if<int>(std::addressof(v)) == 42);
+        assert(std::get_if<long>(std::addressof(v)) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<long>(std::addressof(v))), long*);
+        assert(*std::get_if<long>(std::addressof(v)) == 42);
+        assert(std::get_if<int>(std::addressof(v)) == nullptr);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int&>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<int&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<const int&>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<const int&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<int&&>(std::addressof(v))), int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<int&&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get_if<const int&&>(std::addressof(v))), const int*);
+        assert(std::get_if<const int&&>(std::addressof(v)) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_const_get_if();
+    test_get_if();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.get/get_index.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//   constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>& get(variant<Types...>& v);
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//   constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>>&& get(variant<Types...>&& v);
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//   constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const& get(const variant<Types...>& v);
+// template <size_t I, class... Types>
+//  constexpr variant_alternative_t<I, variant<Types...>> const&& get(const variant<Types...>&& v);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+void test_const_lvalue_get() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr V v(42);
+        //ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<0>(v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int const&);
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<1>(v)), long const&);
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_lvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<0>(v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int&);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<1>(v)), long&);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_rvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<0>(std::move(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        assert(std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<1>(std::move(v))), long&&);
+        assert(std::get<1>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        int&& xref = std::get<0>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        const int&& xref = std::get<0>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_const_rvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        const V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<0>(std::move(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        assert(std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        const V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<1>(std::move(v))), const long&&);
+        assert(std::get<1>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        int&& xref = std::get<0>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        const int&& xref = std::get<0>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+template <std::size_t I>
+using Idx = std::integral_constant<size_t, I>;
+
+void test_throws_for_all_value_categories()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+    V v0(42);
+    const V& cv0 = v0;
+    assert(v0.index() == 0);
+    V v1(42l);
+    const V& cv1 = v1;
+    assert(v1.index() == 1);
+    std::integral_constant<size_t, 0> zero;
+    std::integral_constant<size_t, 1> one;
+    auto test = [](auto idx, auto&& v) {
+      using Idx = decltype(idx);
+      try {
+          std::get<Idx::value>(std::forward<decltype(v)>(v));
+      } catch (std::bad_variant_access const&) {
+          return true;
+      } catch (...) { /* ... */ }
+      return false;
+    };
+    { // lvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, v0));
+        assert(test(zero, v1));
+    }
+    { // const lvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, cv0));
+        assert(test(zero, cv1));
+    }
+    { // rvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, std::move(v0)));
+        assert(test(zero, std::move(v1)));
+    }
+    { // const rvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, std::move(cv0)));
+        assert(test(zero, std::move(cv1)));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_const_lvalue_get();
+    test_lvalue_get();
+    test_rvalue_get();
+    test_const_rvalue_get();
+    test_throws_for_all_value_categories();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.get/get_type.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class T, class... Types> constexpr T& get(variant<Types...>& v);
+// template <class T, class... Types> constexpr T&& get(variant<Types...>&& v);
+// template <class T, class... Types> constexpr const T& get(const variant<Types...>& v);
+// template <class T, class... Types> constexpr const T&& get(const variant<Types...>&& v); 
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+void test_const_lvalue_get() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr V v(42);
+        //ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<int>(v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<0>(v)), int const&);
+        static_assert(std::get<int>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<long>(v)), long const&);
+        static_assert(std::get<long>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&&>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&&>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<const int&&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_lvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<int>(v));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int>(v)), int&);
+        assert(std::get<int>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<long>(v)), long&);
+        assert(std::get<long>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<const int&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&&>(v)), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&&>(v)), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<const int&&>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_rvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<int>(std::move(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        assert(std::get<int>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<long>(std::move(v))), long&&);
+        assert(std::get<long>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&>(std::move(v))), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&>(std::move(v))), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<const int&>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&&>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        int&& xref = std::get<int&&>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&&>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        const int&& xref = std::get<const int&&>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_const_rvalue_get()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        const V v(42);
+        ASSERT_NOT_NOEXCEPT(std::get<int>(std::move(v)));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        assert(std::get<int>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        const V v(42l);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<long>(std::move(v))), const long&&);
+        assert(std::get<long>(std::move(v)) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&>(std::move(v))), int&);
+        assert(&std::get<int&>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(x);
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&>(std::move(v))), const int&);
+        assert(&std::get<const int&>(std::move(v)) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<int&&>(std::move(v))), int&&);
+        int&& xref = std::get<int&&>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        const V v(std::move(x));
+        ASSERT_SAME_TYPE(decltype(std::get<const int&&>(std::move(v))), const int&&);
+        const int&& xref = std::get<const int&&>(std::move(v));
+        assert(&xref == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+template <class Tp> struct identity { using type = Tp; };
+
+void test_throws_for_all_value_categories()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+    V v0(42);
+    const V& cv0 = v0;
+    assert(v0.index() == 0);
+    V v1(42l);
+    const V& cv1 = v1;
+    assert(v1.index() == 1);
+    identity<int> zero;
+    identity<long> one;
+    auto test = [](auto idx, auto&& v) {
+      using Idx = decltype(idx);
+      try {
+          std::get<typename Idx::type>(std::forward<decltype(v)>(v));
+      } catch (std::bad_variant_access const&) {
+          return true;
+      } catch (...) { /* ... */ }
+      return false;
+    };
+    { // lvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, v0));
+        assert(test(zero, v1));
+    }
+    { // const lvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, cv0));
+        assert(test(zero, cv1));
+    }
+    { // rvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, std::move(v0)));
+        assert(test(zero, std::move(v1)));
+    }
+    { // const rvalue test cases
+        assert(test(one, std::move(cv0)));
+        assert(test(zero, std::move(cv1)));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_const_lvalue_get();
+    test_lvalue_get();
+    test_rvalue_get();
+    test_const_rvalue_get();
+    test_throws_for_all_value_categories();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.get/holds_alternative.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class T, class... Types>
+// constexpr bool holds_alternative(const variant<Types...>& v) noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(std::holds_alternative<int>(v), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(std::holds_alternative<int>(v), "");
+        static_assert(!std::holds_alternative<long>(v), "");
+    }
+    { // noexcept test
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        const V v;
+        static_assert(noexcept(std::holds_alternative<int>(v)), "must be noexcept");
+    }
+}

test/std/variant/variant.monostate.relops/relops.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// constexpr bool operator<(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+// constexpr bool operator>(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+// constexpr bool operator<=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+// constexpr bool operator>=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+// constexpr bool operator==(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return true; }
+// constexpr bool operator!=(monostate, monostate) noexcept { return false; }
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+int main()
+{
+    using M = std::monostate;
+    constexpr M m1{};
+    constexpr M m2{};
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 < m2) == false, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 < m2), "");
+    }
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 > m2) == false, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 > m2), "");
+    }
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 <= m2) == true, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 <= m2), "");
+    }
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 >= m2) == true, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 >= m2), "");
+    }
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 == m2) == true, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 == m2), "");
+    }
+    {
+        static_assert((m1 != m2) == false, "");
+        static_assert(noexcept(m1 != m2), "");
+    }
+}

test/std/variant/variant.monostate/monostate.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// struct monostate {};
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+int main()
+{
+    using M = std::monostate;
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_default_constructible<M>::value, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<M>::value, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<M>::value, "");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<M>::value, "");
+    constexpr M m{};
+    ((void)m);
+}

test/std/variant/variant.relops/relops.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator==(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+//
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator!=(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+//
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator<(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+//
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator>(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+//
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator<=(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+//
+// template <class ...Types>
+// constexpr bool
+// operator>=(variant<Types...> const&, variant<Types...> const&) noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  MakeEmptyT() = default;
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+};
+inline bool operator==(MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&) { assert(false); }
+inline bool operator!=(MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&) { assert(false); }
+inline bool operator< (MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&) { assert(false); }
+inline bool operator<=(MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&) { assert(false); }
+inline bool operator>(MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&)  { assert(false); }
+inline bool operator>=(MakeEmptyT const&, MakeEmptyT const&) { assert(false); }
+
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = std::move(v2);
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void test_equality()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(42);
+        constexpr V v2(42);
+        static_assert(v1 == v2, "");
+        static_assert(v2 == v1, "");
+        static_assert(!(v1 != v2), "");
+        static_assert(!(v2 != v1), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(42);
+        constexpr V v2(43);
+        static_assert(!(v1 == v2), "");
+        static_assert(!(v2 == v1), "");
+        static_assert(v1 != v2, "");
+        static_assert(v2 != v1, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(42);
+        constexpr V v2(42l);
+        static_assert(!(v1 == v2), "");
+        static_assert(!(v2 == v1), "");
+        static_assert(v1 != v2, "");
+        static_assert(v2 != v1, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(42l);
+        constexpr V v2(42l);
+        static_assert(v1 == v2, "");
+        static_assert(v2 == v1, "");
+        static_assert(!(v1 != v2), "");
+        static_assert(!(v2 != v1), "");
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1;
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(!(v1 == v2));
+        assert(!(v2 == v1));
+        assert(v1 != v2);
+        assert(v2 != v1);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2;
+        assert(!(v1 == v2));
+        assert(!(v2 == v1));
+        assert(v1 != v2);
+        assert(v2 != v1);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(v1 == v2);
+        assert(v2 == v1);
+        assert(!(v1 != v2));
+        assert(!(v2 != v1));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class Var>
+constexpr bool test_less(Var const& l, Var const& r, bool expect_less,
+                                                     bool expect_greater) {
+    return ((l < r) == expect_less)
+        && (!(l >= r) == expect_less)
+        && ((l > r) == expect_greater)
+        && (!(l <= r) == expect_greater);
+}
+
+void test_relational()
+{
+    { // same index, same value
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(1);
+        constexpr V v2(1);
+        static_assert(test_less(v1, v2, false, false), "");
+    }
+    { // same index, value < other_value
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(0);
+        constexpr V v2(1);
+        static_assert(test_less(v1, v2, true, false), "");
+    }
+    { // same index, value > other_value
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(1);
+        constexpr V v2(0);
+        static_assert(test_less(v1, v2, false, true), "");
+    }
+    { // LHS.index() < RHS.index()
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(0);
+        constexpr V v2(0l);
+        static_assert(test_less(v1, v2, true, false), "");
+    }
+    { // LHS.index() > RHS.index()
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v1(0l);
+        constexpr V v2(0);
+        static_assert(test_less(v1, v2, false, true), "");
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    { // LHS.index() < RHS.index(), RHS is empty
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1;
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(test_less(v1, v2, true, false));
+    }
+    { // LHS.index() > RHS.index(), LHS is empty
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2;
+        assert(test_less(v1, v2, false, true));
+    }
+    { // LHS.index() == RHS.index(), LHS and RHS are empty
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(test_less(v1, v2, false, false));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main() {
+    test_equality();
+    test_relational();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.synopsis/variant_npos.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// constexpr size_t variant_npos = -1;
+
+#include <variant>
+
+int main()
+{
+    static_assert(std::variant_npos == static_cast<std::size_t>(-1), "");
+}

test/std/variant/variant.traits/uses_allocator.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class... Types, class Alloc>
+// struct uses_allocator<variant<Types...>, Alloc>;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <memory>
+
+int main()
+{
+    using T = std::variant<int, long>;
+    static_assert(std::uses_allocator<T, std::allocator<void>>::value, "");
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.assign/T.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class T>
+// variant& operator=(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+namespace MetaHelpers {
+
+struct Dummy {
+  Dummy() = default;
+};
+
+struct ThrowsCtorT {
+  ThrowsCtorT(int) noexcept(false) {}
+  ThrowsCtorT& operator=(int) noexcept { return *this; }
+};
+
+struct ThrowsAssignT {
+  ThrowsAssignT(int) noexcept {}
+  ThrowsAssignT& operator=(int) noexcept(false) { return *this; }
+};
+
+struct NoThrowT {
+  NoThrowT(int) noexcept {}
+  NoThrowT& operator=(int) noexcept { return *this; }
+};
+
+} // namespace MetaHelpers
+
+namespace RuntimeHelpers {
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+struct ThrowsCtorT {
+  int value;
+  ThrowsCtorT() : value(0) {}
+  ThrowsCtorT(int) noexcept(false) { throw 42; }
+  ThrowsCtorT& operator=(int v) noexcept { value = v; return *this; }
+};
+
+struct ThrowsAssignT {
+  int value;
+  ThrowsAssignT() : value(0) {}
+  ThrowsAssignT(int v) noexcept : value(v) {}
+  ThrowsAssignT& operator=(int) noexcept(false) { throw 42; }
+};
+
+struct NoThrowT {
+  int value;
+  NoThrowT() : value(0) {}
+  NoThrowT(int v) noexcept : value(v) {}
+  NoThrowT& operator=(int v) noexcept { value = v; return *this; }
+};
+
+#endif // !defined(TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+} // namespace RuntimeHelpers
+
+void test_T_assignment_noexcept() {
+    using namespace MetaHelpers;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<Dummy, NoThrowT>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_assignable<V, int>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<Dummy, ThrowsCtorT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_assignable<V, int>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<Dummy, ThrowsAssignT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_assignable<V, int>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_assignment_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int&&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_assignable<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int const&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_assignable<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<long, unsigned>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_assignable<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, std::string>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_assignable<V, const char*>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, void*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_assignable<V, int>::value, "no matching operator=");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_assignment_basic()
+{
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(43);
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(43l);
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+        v = 43l;
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 43);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int &, int&&, long>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(43l);
+        v = x;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+        v = std::move(x);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(&std::get<1>(v) == &x);
+        // 'long' is selected by FUN(int const&) since 'int const&' cannot bind
+        // to 'int&'.
+        int const& cx = x;
+        v = cx;
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v) == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_assignment_performs_construction()
+{
+using namespace RuntimeHelpers;
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, ThrowsCtorT>;
+        V v(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        try {
+            v = 42;
+        } catch (...) { /* ... */ }
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<ThrowsAssignT, std::string>;
+        V v(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == 42);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_T_assignment_performs_assignment()
+{
+    using namespace RuntimeHelpers;
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<ThrowsCtorT>;
+        V v;
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<ThrowsCtorT, std::string>;
+        V v;
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<ThrowsAssignT>;
+        V v(100);
+        try {
+            v = 42;
+            assert(false);
+        } catch(...) { /* ... */ }
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == 100);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, ThrowsAssignT>;
+        V v(100);
+        try {
+            v = 42;
+            assert(false);
+        } catch(...) { /* ... */ }
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).value == 100);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_T_assignment_basic();
+    test_T_assignment_performs_construction();
+    test_T_assignment_performs_assignment();
+    test_T_assignment_noexcept();
+    test_T_assignment_sfinae();
+}
 No newline at end of file

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.assign/copy.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// variant& operator=(variant const&);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+  NoCopy& operator=(NoCopy const&) = default;
+};
+
+struct NothrowCopy {
+  NothrowCopy(NothrowCopy const&) noexcept = default;
+  NothrowCopy& operator=(NothrowCopy const&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+struct CopyOnly {
+  CopyOnly(CopyOnly const&) = default;
+  CopyOnly(CopyOnly&&) = delete;
+  CopyOnly& operator=(CopyOnly const&) = default;
+  CopyOnly& operator=(CopyOnly&&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+  MoveOnly& operator=(MoveOnly const&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&&) {}
+  MoveOnlyNT& operator=(MoveOnlyNT const&) = default;
+};
+
+struct CopyAssign {
+  static int alive;
+  static int copy_construct;
+  static int copy_assign;
+  static int move_construct;
+  static int move_assign;
+  static void reset() {
+      copy_construct = copy_assign = move_construct = move_assign = alive = 0;
+  }
+  CopyAssign(int v) : value(v) { ++alive; }
+  CopyAssign(CopyAssign const& o) : value(o.value) { ++alive; ++copy_construct; }
+  CopyAssign(CopyAssign&& o) : value(o.value) { o.value = -1; ++alive; ++move_construct; }
+  CopyAssign& operator=(CopyAssign const& o)  { value = o.value; ++copy_assign; return *this; }
+  CopyAssign& operator=(CopyAssign&& o)  { value = o.value; o.value = -1; ++move_assign; return *this; }
+  ~CopyAssign() { --alive; }
+  int value;
+};
+
+int CopyAssign::alive = 0;
+int CopyAssign::copy_construct = 0;
+int CopyAssign::copy_assign = 0;
+int CopyAssign::move_construct = 0;
+int CopyAssign::move_assign = 0;
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct CopyThrows {
+  CopyThrows() = default;
+  CopyThrows(CopyThrows const&) { throw 42; }
+  CopyThrows& operator=(CopyThrows const&) { throw 42; }
+};
+
+struct MoveThrows {
+  static int alive;
+  MoveThrows() { ++alive; }
+  MoveThrows(MoveThrows const&) {++alive;}
+  MoveThrows(MoveThrows&&) {  throw 42; }
+  MoveThrows& operator=(MoveThrows const&) { return *this; }
+  MoveThrows& operator=(MoveThrows&&) { throw 42; }
+  ~MoveThrows() { --alive; }
+};
+
+int MoveThrows::alive = 0;
+
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  static int alive;
+  MakeEmptyT() { ++alive; }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      ++alive;
+      // Don't throw from the copy constructor since variant's assignment
+      // operator performs a copy before committing to the assignment.
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT &&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+   ~MakeEmptyT() { --alive; }
+};
+
+int MakeEmptyT::alive = 0;
+
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = v2;
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void test_copy_assignment_not_noexcept() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<NothrowCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NothrowCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_copy_assignment_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        // variant only provides copy assignment when beth the copy and move
+        // constructors are well formed
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_copy_assignment_empty_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_copy_assignment_non_empty_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<2>, "hello");
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void test_copy_assignment_empty_non_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_copy_assignment_same_index()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v1(43);
+        V v2(42);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, unsigned>;
+        V v1(43l);
+        V v2(42l);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyAssign, unsigned>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<CopyAssign>, 43);
+        V v2(std::in_place<CopyAssign>, 42);
+        CopyAssign::reset();
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(CopyAssign::copy_construct == 0);
+        assert(CopyAssign::move_construct == 0);
+        assert(CopyAssign::copy_assign == 1);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<MET>);
+        MET& mref = std::get<1>(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<MET>);
+        try {
+            v1 = v2;
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (...) {
+        }
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(&std::get<1>(v1) == &mref);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_copy_assignment_different_index()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, unsigned>;
+        V v1(43);
+        V v2(42l);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyAssign, unsigned>;
+        CopyAssign::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<unsigned>, 43);
+        V v2(std::in_place<CopyAssign>, 42);
+        assert(CopyAssign::copy_construct == 0);
+        assert(CopyAssign::move_construct == 0);
+        assert(CopyAssign::alive == 1);
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(CopyAssign::alive == 2);
+        assert(CopyAssign::copy_construct == 1);
+        assert(CopyAssign::move_construct == 1);
+        assert(CopyAssign::copy_assign == 0);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        // Test that if copy construction throws then original value is
+        // unchanged.
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyThrows, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V v2(std::in_place<CopyThrows>);
+        try {
+            v1 = v2;
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (...) { /* ... */ }
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+    }
+    {
+        // Test that if move construction throws then the variant is left
+        // valueless by exception.
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveThrows, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V v2(std::in_place<MoveThrows>);
+        assert(MoveThrows::alive == 1);
+        try {
+            v1 = v2;
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (...) { /* ... */ }
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(MoveThrows::alive == 1);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyThrows, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<CopyThrows>);
+        V v2(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v2) == "hello");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveThrows, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<MoveThrows>);
+        V v2(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V& vref = (v1 = v2);
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v2) == "hello");
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_copy_assignment_empty_empty();
+    test_copy_assignment_non_empty_empty();
+    test_copy_assignment_empty_non_empty();
+    test_copy_assignment_same_index();
+    test_copy_assignment_different_index();
+    test_copy_assignment_sfinae();
+    test_copy_assignment_not_noexcept();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.assign/move.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// variant& operator=(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "variant_test_helpers.hpp"
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+  NoCopy& operator=(NoCopy const&) = default;
+};
+
+struct CopyOnly {
+  CopyOnly(CopyOnly const&) = default;
+  CopyOnly(CopyOnly&&) = delete;
+  CopyOnly& operator=(CopyOnly const&) = default;
+  CopyOnly& operator=(CopyOnly&&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+  MoveOnly& operator=(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly& operator=(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&&) {}
+  MoveOnlyNT& operator=(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT& operator=(MoveOnlyNT&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyOddNothrow {
+  MoveOnlyOddNothrow(MoveOnlyOddNothrow&&) noexcept(false) {}
+  MoveOnlyOddNothrow(MoveOnlyOddNothrow const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyOddNothrow& operator=(MoveOnlyOddNothrow&&) noexcept = default;
+  MoveOnlyOddNothrow& operator=(MoveOnlyOddNothrow const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveAssignOnly {
+  MoveAssignOnly(MoveAssignOnly &&) = delete;
+  MoveAssignOnly& operator=(MoveAssignOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveAssign {
+  static int move_construct;
+  static int move_assign;
+  static void reset() {
+      move_construct = move_assign = 0;
+  }
+  MoveAssign(int v) : value(v) {}
+  MoveAssign(MoveAssign&& o) : value(o.value) { ++move_construct; o.value = -1; }
+  MoveAssign& operator=(MoveAssign&& o)  { value = o.value; ++move_assign; o.value = -1; return *this; }
+  int value;
+};
+
+int MoveAssign::move_construct = 0;
+int MoveAssign::move_assign = 0;
+
+
+void test_move_assignment_noexcept() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<MoveOnlyOddNothrow>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_assignment_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        // variant only provides move assignment when beth the move and move
+        // constructors are well formed
+        using V = std::variant<int, CopyOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        // variant only provides move assignment when the types also provide
+        // a move constructor.
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveAssignOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_assignment_empty_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_move_assignment_non_empty_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<2>, "hello");
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v2);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void test_move_assignment_empty_non_empty()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>); makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_move_assignment_same_index()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v1(43);
+        V v2(42);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, unsigned>;
+        V v1(43l);
+        V v2(42l);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveAssign, unsigned>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<MoveAssign>, 43);
+        V v2(std::in_place<MoveAssign>, 42);
+        MoveAssign::reset();
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(MoveAssign::move_construct == 0);
+        assert(MoveAssign::move_assign == 1);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<MET>);
+        MET& mref = std::get<1>(v1);
+        V v2(std::in_place<MET>);
+        try {
+            v1 = std::move(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (...) {
+        }
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(&std::get<1>(v1) == &mref);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_move_assignment_different_index()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, unsigned>;
+        V v1(43);
+        V v2(42l);
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveAssign, unsigned>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<unsigned>, 43);
+        V v2(std::in_place<MoveAssign>, 42);
+        MoveAssign::reset();
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(MoveAssign::move_construct == 1);
+        assert(MoveAssign::move_assign == 0);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using MET = MakeEmptyT;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<int>);
+        V v2(std::in_place<MET>);
+        try {
+            v1 = std::move(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (...) {
+        }
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(v1.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MET, std::string>;
+        V v1(std::in_place<MET>);
+        V v2(std::in_place<std::string>, "hello");
+        V& vref = (v1 = std::move(v2));
+        assert(&vref == &v1);
+        assert(v1.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v1) == "hello");
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_move_assignment_empty_empty();
+    test_move_assignment_non_empty_empty();
+    test_move_assignment_empty_non_empty();
+    test_move_assignment_same_index();
+    test_move_assignment_different_index();
+    test_move_assignment_sfinae();
+    test_move_assignment_noexcept();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_T.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc, class T> variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, T&&);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+struct Dummy {
+  Dummy() = default;
+};
+
+struct ThrowsT {
+  ThrowsT(int) noexcept(false) {}
+};
+
+struct NoThrowT {
+  NoThrowT(int) noexcept(true) {}
+};
+
+
+void test_T_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const&;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int&&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, int>::value, "ambigious");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int const&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, int>::value, "ambigious");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<long, unsigned>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, int>::value, "ambigious");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, void*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, int>::value, "no matching constructor");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_ctor_basic()
+{
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const&;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    const auto atag = std::allocator_arg;
+    std::allocator<void> a;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, int>(), "must be implicit");
+        V v(atag, a,42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        V v(atag, a,42l);
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, long>(), "must be implicit");
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int const&, int&&, long>;
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, int&>(), "must be implicit");
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a,x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int const&, int&&, long>;
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, int>(), "must be implicit");
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a,std::move(x));
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(&std::get<1>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA1, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA1, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA2, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA2, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA3, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, UA3, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, NUA, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int*, NUA, std::string>;
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_T_ctor_basic();
+    test_T_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_T_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_copy.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, variant const&);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+struct NonT {
+  NonT(int v) : value(v) {}
+  NonT(NonT const& o) : value(o.value) {}
+  int value;
+};
+static_assert(!std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<NonT>::value, "");
+
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&&) {}
+};
+
+void test_copy_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::allocator_arg_t const&,
+            std::allocator<void> const&, V const&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::allocator_arg_t const&,
+            std::allocator<void> const&, V const&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::allocator_arg_t const&,
+            std::allocator<void> const&, V const&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::allocator_arg_t const&,
+            std::allocator<void> const&, V const&>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_copy_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        std::variant<int> v2(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<void>{}, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        std::variant<int, long> v2(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<void>{}, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<NonT> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<NonT> v2(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<void>{}, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, NonT> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, NonT> v2(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<void>{}, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_copy_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<0>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA1 const&>(std::get<0>(v2), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<0>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA1 const&>(std::get<0>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA2 const&>(std::get<1>(v2), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA2 const&>(std::get<1>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<2>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA3 const&>(std::get<2>(v2), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<2>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA3 const&>(std::get<2>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<3>);
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, v);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<NUA const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<3>);
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, v);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<NUA const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_copy_ctor_basic();
+    test_copy_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_copy_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_in_place_index_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc, size_t I, class ...Args>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&...);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, long long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<2>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<2>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // args not convertible to type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // index out of range
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<5>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<5>, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    Tag atag{};
+    std::allocator<void> a{};
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(atag, a, std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(atag, a, std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, const int, long> v(atag, a, std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<0>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<1>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<2>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v) == x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<2>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<2>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<3>, 42);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<3>, 42);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_in_place_index_init_list_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc, size_t I, class Up, class ...Args>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, in_place_index_t<I>, initializer_list<Up>, Args&&...);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const&;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    { // just init list
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too many arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too few arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // init list and arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // not constructible from arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<2>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<2>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // index out of range
+        using V = std::variant<InitListArg, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<4>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_index_t<4>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    std::allocator_arg_t const atag{};
+    std::allocator<void> a{};
+    {
+        std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(atag, a, std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).size == 3);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(atag, a, std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 4);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_no_args_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<2>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<2>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<3>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<3>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_additional_args_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 3>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 3>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 3>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 3>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    const int x = 42;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 0));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 0));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 1));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 1));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<2>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 2));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<2>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 2));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<3>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v3.index() == 3));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<3>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v3.index() == 3));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None)));
+    }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_no_args_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_additional_args_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_in_place_type_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc, class Tp, class ...Args>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, in_place_type_t<Tp>, Args&&...);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, long long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<long>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<long>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int*>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int*>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // duplicate type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // args not convertible to type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // type not in variant
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<long long>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<long long>, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    Tag atag{};
+    std::allocator<void> a{};
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(atag, a, std::in_place<int>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(atag, a, std::in_place<long>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, const int, long> v(atag, a, std::in_place<const int>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<const int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<volatile int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(atag, a, std::in_place<int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v) == x);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA2>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA2>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA3>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA3>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int&&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<NUA>, 42);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<NUA>, 42);
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<int &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_in_place_types_init_list_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc, class Tp, class Up, class ...Args>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, in_place_type_t<Tp>, initializer_list<Up>, Args&&...);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using Tag = std::allocator_arg_t const&;
+    using A = std::allocator<void> const&;
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    { // just init list
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too many arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too few arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // init list and arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // not constructible from arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<int>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // duplicate types in variant
+        using V = std::variant<InitListArg, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, Tag, A, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    std::allocator_arg_t const atag{};
+    std::allocator<void> a{};
+    {
+        std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(atag, a, std::in_place<InitList>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).size == 3);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(atag, a, std::in_place<InitListArg>, {1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 4);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_no_args_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA1>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA1>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA2>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA2>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA3>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA3>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<NUA>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<NUA>, {1, 2, 3});
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<IL&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_additional_args_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 3>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 3>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 3>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 3>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    const int x = 42;
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA1>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 0));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_AllocArg)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA1>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 0));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<0>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA2>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 1));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_AllocLast)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA2>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 1));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<1>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<UA3>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 2));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_AllocArg)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<UA3>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v.index() == 2));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<2>(v), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::in_place<NUA>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v3.index() == 3));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None)));
+    }
+    {
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::in_place<NUA>, {1, 2, 3}, 42, x);
+        assert((v3.index() == 3));
+        assert((checkConstruct<IL&, int&&, int const&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None)));
+    }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_no_args_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_additional_args_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/Alloc_move.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Alloc>
+// variant(allocator_arg_t, Alloc const&, variant &&);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "uses_alloc_types.hpp"
+
+struct ThrowsMove {
+  ThrowsMove(ThrowsMove&&) noexcept(false) {}
+};
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  int value;
+  MoveOnly(int v) : value(v) {}
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  int value;
+  MoveOnlyNT(int v) : value(v) {}
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&& other) : value(other.value) { other.value = -1; }
+};
+
+void test_move_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using ATag = std::allocator_arg_t const&;
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, ATag, A const&, V&&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, ATag, A const&, V&&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, ATag, A const&, V&&>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, ATag, A const&, V&&>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_ctor_basic()
+{
+    const auto atag = std::allocator_arg;
+    std::allocator<void> a{};
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        std::variant<int> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        std::variant<int, long> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<MoveOnly> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<MoveOnly> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnly> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnly> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<MoveOnlyNT> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<MoveOnlyNT> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == -1);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT> v2(atag, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).value == -1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void test_move_ctor_uses_alloc()
+{
+    using A = std::allocator<void>;
+    using A2 = std::allocator<int>;
+    using UA1 = UsesAllocatorV1<A, 1>;
+    using UA2 = UsesAllocatorV2<A, 1>;
+    using UA3 = UsesAllocatorV3<A, 1>;
+    using NUA = NotUsesAllocator<A, 1>;
+    using V = std::variant<UA1, UA2, UA3, NUA>;
+    const A a;
+    const A2 a2;
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<0>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA1 &&>(std::get<0>(v2), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<0>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA1 &&>(std::get<0>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA2 &&>(std::get<1>(v2), UA_AllocLast));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA2 &&>(std::get<1>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<2>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA3 &&>(std::get<2>(v2), UA_AllocArg));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<2>);
+        V v2(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 2);
+        assert(checkConstruct<UA3 &&>(std::get<2>(v2), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<3>);
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a, std::move(v));
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<NUA &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+    {
+        V v(std::in_place<3>);
+        V v3(std::allocator_arg, a2, std::move(v));
+        assert(v3.index() == 3);
+        assert(checkConstruct<NUA &&>(std::get<3>(v3), UA_None));
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_move_ctor_basic();
+    test_move_ctor_uses_alloc();
+    test_move_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/T.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class T> constexpr variant(T&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct Dummy {
+  Dummy() = default;
+};
+
+struct ThrowsT {
+  ThrowsT(int) noexcept(false) {}
+};
+
+struct NoThrowT {
+  NoThrowT(int) noexcept(true) {}
+};
+
+void test_T_ctor_noexcept() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<Dummy, NoThrowT>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_constructible<V, int>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<Dummy, ThrowsT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_constructible<V, int>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int&&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, int const&>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<long, unsigned>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, int>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, std::string>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, const char*>::value, "ambiguous");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::string, void*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, int>::value, "no matching constructor");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_T_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int> v(42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int, long> v(42l);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int const&, int&&, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_convertible<int&, V>::value, "must be implicit");
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(&std::get<0>(v) == &x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int const&, int&&, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_convertible<int, V>::value, "must be implicit");
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(&std::get<1>(v) == &x);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_T_ctor_basic();
+    test_T_ctor_noexcept();
+    test_T_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/copy.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// variant(variant const&);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+struct NonT {
+  NonT(int v) : value(v) {}
+  NonT(NonT const& o) : value(o.value) {}
+  int value;
+};
+static_assert(!std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<NonT>::value, "");
+
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&&) {}
+};
+
+
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  static int alive;
+  MakeEmptyT() { ++alive; }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      ++alive;
+      // Don't throw from the copy constructor since variant's assignment
+      // operator performs a copy before committing to the assignment.
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT &&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+   ~MakeEmptyT() { --alive; }
+};
+
+int MakeEmptyT::alive = 0;
+
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = v2;
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void test_copy_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_copy_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_copy_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        std::variant<int> v2 = v;
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        std::variant<int, long> v2 = v;
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<NonT> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<NonT> v2(v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, NonT> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, NonT> v2(v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_copy_ctor_valueless_by_exception()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+    V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+    V const& cv1 = v1;
+    V v(cv1);
+    assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_copy_ctor_basic();
+    test_copy_ctor_valueless_by_exception();
+    test_copy_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/default.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// constexpr variant() noexcept(see below);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+struct NonDefaultConstructible {
+  NonDefaultConstructible(int) {}
+};
+
+struct NotNoexcept {
+  NotNoexcept() noexcept(false) {}
+};
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct DefaultCtorThrows {
+  DefaultCtorThrows() { throw 42; }
+};
+#endif
+
+void test_default_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<std::monostate, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<NonDefaultConstructible, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_default_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int&, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_default_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_default_ctor_noexcept() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<NotNoexcept>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_default_ctor_throws()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<DefaultCtorThrows, int>;
+    try {
+        V v;
+        assert(false);
+    } catch (int const& ex) {
+        assert(ex == 42);
+    } catch (...) {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_default_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long, const void> v;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, void, long>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0, "");
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_default_ctor_basic();
+    test_default_ctor_sfinae();
+    test_default_ctor_noexcept();
+    test_default_ctor_throws();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/in_place_index_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <size_t I, class ...Args>
+// constexpr explicit variant(in_place_index_t<I>, Args&&...);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, long long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<2>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<2>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // args not convertible to type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // index not in variant
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<3>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<3>, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int, long, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int, const int, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<0>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<1>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<2>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v) == x);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/in_place_index_init_list_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <size_t I, class Up, class ...Args>
+// constexpr explicit
+// variant(in_place_index_t<I>, initializer_list<Up>, Args&&...);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    { // just init list
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too many arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<0>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too few arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // init list and arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<1>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // not constructible from arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_index_t<2>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_index_t<2>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, InitList> v(std::in_place<0>, {1, 2, 3});
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v).size == 3, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, InitList> v(std::in_place<2>, {1, 2, 3});
+        static_assert(v.index() == 2, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<2>(v).size == 3, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, InitListArg> v(std::in_place<1>, {1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 4, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v).value == 42, "");
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/in_place_type_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Tp, class ...Args>
+// constexpr explicit variant(in_place_type_t<Tp>, Args&&...);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, long long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<long>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<long>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int*>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int*>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // duplicate type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // args not convertible to type
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int*>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, int*>(), "");
+    }
+    { // type not in variant
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int*>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<long long>, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<long long>, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<int>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int, long> v(std::in_place<long>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<int, const int, long> v(std::in_place<const int>, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<const int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<volatile int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == x);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<const int, volatile int, int>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::in_place<int>, x);
+        assert(v.index() == 2);
+        assert(std::get<2>(v) == x);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/in_place_type_init_list_Args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class Tp, class Up, class ...Args>
+// constexpr explicit
+// variant(in_place_type_t<Tp>, initializer_list<Up>, Args&&...);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+void test_ctor_sfinae() {
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    { // just init list
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too many arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitList>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // too few arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // init list and arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+    { // not constructible from arguments
+        using V = std::variant<InitList, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, IL>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<int>, IL>(), "");
+    }
+    { // duplicate types in variant
+        using V = std::variant<InitListArg, InitListArg, int>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!test_convertible<V, std::in_place_type_t<InitListArg>, IL, int>(), "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(std::in_place<InitList>, {1, 2, 3});
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<0>(v).size == 3, "");
+    }
+    {
+        constexpr std::variant<InitList, InitListArg> v(std::in_place<InitListArg>, {1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 4, "");
+        static_assert(std::get<1>(v).value == 42, "");
+    }
+
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_basic();
+    test_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.ctor/move.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// variant(variant&&) noexcept(see below);
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+struct ThrowsMove {
+  ThrowsMove(ThrowsMove&&) noexcept(false) {}
+};
+
+struct NoCopy {
+  NoCopy(NoCopy const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnly {
+  int value;
+  MoveOnly(int v) : value(v) {}
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+};
+
+struct MoveOnlyNT {
+  int value;
+  MoveOnlyNT(int v) : value(v) {}
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT const&) = delete;
+  MoveOnlyNT(MoveOnlyNT&& other) : value(other.value) { other.value = -1; }
+};
+
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  static int alive;
+  MakeEmptyT() { ++alive; }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      ++alive;
+      // Don't throw from the copy constructor since variant's assignment
+      // operator performs a copy before committing to the assignment.
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT &&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+   ~MakeEmptyT() { --alive; }
+};
+
+int MakeEmptyT::alive = 0;
+
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = v2;
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+void test_move_noexcept() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, ThrowsMove>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_ctor_sfinae() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnly>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT>;
+        static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NoCopy>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_move_constructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_ctor_basic()
+{
+    {
+        std::variant<int> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        std::variant<int> v2 = std::move(v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, long> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        std::variant<int, long> v2 = std::move(v);
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<MoveOnly> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<MoveOnly> v2(std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnly> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnly> v2(std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<MoveOnlyNT> v(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        std::variant<MoveOnlyNT> v2(std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v).value == -1);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT> v(std::in_place<1>, 42);
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        std::variant<int, MoveOnlyNT> v2(std::move(v));
+        assert(v2.index() == 1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v).value == -1);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+void test_move_ctor_valueless_by_exception()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+    V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+    V v(std::move(v1));
+    assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_move_ctor_basic();
+    test_move_ctor_valueless_by_exception();
+    test_move_noexcept();
+    test_move_ctor_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.dtor/dtor.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// ~variant();
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+
+struct NonTDtor {
+  static int count;
+  NonTDtor() = default;
+  ~NonTDtor() { ++count; }
+};
+int NonTDtor::count = 0;
+static_assert(!std::is_trivially_destructible<NonTDtor>::value, "");
+
+
+struct NonTDtor1 {
+  static int count;
+  NonTDtor1() = default;
+  ~NonTDtor1() { ++count; }
+};
+int NonTDtor1::count = 0;
+static_assert(!std::is_trivially_destructible<NonTDtor1>::value, "");
+
+struct TDtor {
+  TDtor(TDtor const&) {} // non-trivial copy
+  ~TDtor() = default;
+};
+static_assert(!std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<TDtor>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<TDtor>::value, "");
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, TDtor>;
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<void, void const, void const volatile, void volatile>;
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<V>::value, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<NonTDtor, int, NonTDtor1>;
+        static_assert(!std::is_trivially_destructible<V>::value, "");
+        {
+            V v(std::in_place<0>);
+            assert(NonTDtor::count == 0);
+            assert(NonTDtor1::count == 0);
+        }
+        assert(NonTDtor::count == 1);
+        assert(NonTDtor1::count == 0);
+        NonTDtor::count = 0;
+        {
+            V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        }
+        assert(NonTDtor::count == 0);
+        assert(NonTDtor1::count == 0);
+        {
+            V v(std::in_place<2>);
+            assert(NonTDtor::count == 0);
+            assert(NonTDtor1::count == 0);
+        }
+        assert(NonTDtor::count == 0);
+        assert(NonTDtor1::count == 1);
+    }
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.mod/emplace_index_args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <size_t I, class ...Args> void emplace(Args&&... args);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+template <class Var, size_t I, class ...Args>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Var>().template emplace<I>(std::declval<Args>()...), true)
+{ return true; }
+
+template <class, size_t, class...>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(long) -> bool { return false; }
+
+template <class Var, size_t I, class ...Args>
+constexpr bool emplace_exists() { return test_emplace_exists_imp<Var, I, Args...>(0); }
+
+void test_emplace_sfinae() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, int&, int const&, int&&,
+                           void>;
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 0>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 0, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 0, long long>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 0, int, int>(), "too many args");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 1, int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 1>(), "cannot default construct ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 1, int const&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 1, int&&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 2, int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 2, const int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 2, int&&>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 2, void*>(), "not constructible from void*");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 3, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, int&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, int const&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, int const&&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 4>(), "cannot construct void");
+}
+
+void test_basic() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        v.emplace<0>();
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0);
+        v.emplace<0>(42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int const&, int &&, void, std::string>;
+        const int x = 100;
+        int y = 42;
+        int z = 43;
+        V v(std::in_place<0>, -1);
+        // default emplace a value
+        v.emplace<1>();
+        assert(std::get<1>(v) == 0);
+        // emplace a reference
+        v.emplace<2>(x);
+        assert(&std::get<2>(v) == &x);
+        // emplace an rvalue reference
+        v.emplace<3>(std::move(y));
+        assert(&std::get<3>(v) == &y);
+        // re-emplace a new reference over the active member
+        v.emplace<3>(std::move(z));
+        assert(&std::get<3>(v) == &z);
+        // emplace with multiple args
+        v.emplace<5>(3, 'a');
+        assert(std::get<5>(v) == "aaa");
+    }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_basic();
+    test_emplace_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.mod/emplace_index_init_list_args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <size_t I, class U, class ...Args>
+// void emplace(initializer_list<U> il,Args&&... args);
+
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <class Var, size_t I, class ...Args>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Var>().template emplace<I>(std::declval<Args>()...), true)
+{ return true; }
+
+template <class, size_t, class...>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(long) -> bool { return false; }
+
+template <class Var, size_t I, class ...Args>
+constexpr bool emplace_exists() { return test_emplace_exists_imp<Var, I, Args...>(0); }
+
+void test_emplace_sfinae() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, void, InitList, InitListArg, long, long>;
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 2, IL>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 2, int>(), "args don't match");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 2, IL, int>(), "too many args");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, 3, IL, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, int>(), "args don't match");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, IL>(), "too few args");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, 3, IL, int, int>(), "too many args");
+}
+
+void test_basic() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, InitList, InitListArg, void>;
+    V v;
+    v.emplace<1>({1, 2, 3});
+    assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 3);
+    v.emplace<2>({1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+    assert(std::get<2>(v).size == 4);
+    assert(std::get<2>(v).value == 42);
+    v.emplace<1>({1});
+    assert(std::get<1>(v).size == 1);
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_basic();
+    test_emplace_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.mod/emplace_type_args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class T, class ...Args> void emplace(Args&&... args);
+
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+template <class Var, class T, class ...Args>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Var>().template emplace<T>(std::declval<Args>()...), true)
+{ return true; }
+
+template <class, class, class...>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(long) -> bool { return false; }
+
+template <class ...Args>
+constexpr bool emplace_exists() { return test_emplace_exists_imp<Args...>(0); }
+
+void test_emplace_sfinae() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, int&, int const&, int&&,
+                           long, long,
+                           void>;
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int, long long>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int, int, int>(), "too many args");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int &, int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int &>(), "cannot default construct ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int &, int const&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int &, int&&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int const&, int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int const&, const int&>(), "");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int const&, int&&>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int const&, void*>(), "not constructible from void*");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, int&&, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int&&, int&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int&&, int const&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, int&&, int const&&>(), "cannot bind ref");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, long, long>(), "ambiguous");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, void>(), "cannot construct void");
+}
+
+void test_basic() {
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        v.emplace<int>();
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 0);
+        v.emplace<int>(42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v) == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, int const&, int &&, void, std::string>;
+        const int x = 100;
+        int y = 42;
+        int z = 43;
+        V v(std::in_place<0>, -1);
+        // default emplace a value
+        v.emplace<long>();
+        assert(std::get<long>(v) == 0);
+        // emplace a reference
+        v.emplace<int const&>(x);
+        assert(&std::get<int const&>(v) == &x);
+        // emplace an rvalue reference
+        v.emplace<int&&>(std::move(y));
+        assert(&std::get<int&&>(v) == &y);
+        // re-emplace a new reference over the active member
+        v.emplace<int&&>(std::move(z));
+        assert(&std::get<int&&>(v) == &z);
+        // emplace with multiple args
+        v.emplace<std::string>(3, 'a');
+        assert(std::get<std::string>(v) == "aaa");
+    }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_basic();
+    test_emplace_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.mod/emplace_type_init_list_args.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// template <class T, class U, class ...Args>
+// void emplace(initializer_list<U> il,Args&&... args);
+
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct InitList {
+  std::size_t size;
+  constexpr InitList(std::initializer_list<int> il) : size(il.size()){}
+};
+
+struct InitListArg {
+  std::size_t size;
+  int value;
+  constexpr InitListArg(std::initializer_list<int> il, int v) : size(il.size()), value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <class Var, class T, class ...Args>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Var>().template emplace<T>(std::declval<Args>()...), true)
+{ return true; }
+
+template <class, class, class...>
+constexpr auto test_emplace_exists_imp(long) -> bool { return false; }
+
+template <class ...Args>
+constexpr bool emplace_exists() { return test_emplace_exists_imp<Args...>(0); }
+
+void test_emplace_sfinae() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, void, InitList, InitListArg, long, long>;
+    using IL = std::initializer_list<int>;
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, InitList, IL>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, InitList, int>(), "args don't match");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, InitList, IL, int>(), "too many args");
+    static_assert(emplace_exists<V, InitListArg, IL, int>(), "");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, InitListArg, int>(), "args don't match");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, InitListArg, IL>(), "too few args");
+    static_assert(!emplace_exists<V, InitListArg, IL, int, int>(), "too many args");
+}
+
+void test_basic() {
+    using V = std::variant<int, InitList, InitListArg, void>;
+    V v;
+    v.emplace<InitList>({1, 2, 3});
+    assert(std::get<InitList>(v).size == 3);
+    v.emplace<InitListArg>({1, 2, 3, 4}, 42);
+    assert(std::get<InitListArg>(v).size == 4);
+    assert(std::get<InitListArg>(v).value == 42);
+    v.emplace<InitList>({1});
+    assert(std::get<InitList>(v).size == 1);
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_basic();
+    test_emplace_sfinae();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.status/index.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// constexpr size_t index() const noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "variant_test_helpers.hpp"
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, void>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(v.index() == 0, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long>;
+        constexpr V v(std::in_place<1>);
+        static_assert(v.index() == 1, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, std::string>;
+        V v("abc");
+        assert(v.index() == 1);
+        v = 42;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v;
+        assert(v.index() == 0);
+        makeEmpty(v);
+        assert(v.index() == std::variant_npos);
+    }
+#endif
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.status/valueless_by_exception.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// constexpr bool valueless_by_exception() const noexcept;
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "variant_test_helpers.hpp"
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, void>;
+        constexpr V v;
+        static_assert(!v.valueless_by_exception(), "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, std::string>;
+        const V v("abc");
+        assert(!v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v;
+        assert(!v.valueless_by_exception());
+        makeEmpty(v);
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+#endif
+}

test/std/variant/variant.variant/variant.swap/swap.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+
+// template <class ...Types> class variant;
+
+// void swap(variant& rhs) noexcept(see below)
+
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "variant_test_helpers.hpp"
+#include "test_convertible.hpp"
+
+struct NotSwappable {
+};
+void swap(NotSwappable&, NotSwappable&) = delete;
+
+struct NotCopyable {
+  NotCopyable() = default;
+  NotCopyable(NotCopyable const&) = delete;
+  NotCopyable& operator=(NotCopyable const&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct NotCopyableWithSwap {
+  NotCopyableWithSwap() = default;
+  NotCopyableWithSwap(NotCopyableWithSwap const&) = delete;
+  NotCopyableWithSwap& operator=(NotCopyableWithSwap const&) = delete;
+};
+void swap(NotCopyableWithSwap&, NotCopyableWithSwap) {}
+
+struct NotMoveAssignable {
+  NotMoveAssignable() = default;
+  NotMoveAssignable(NotMoveAssignable&&) = default;
+  NotMoveAssignable& operator=(NotMoveAssignable&&) = delete;
+};
+
+struct NotMoveAssignableWithSwap {
+  NotMoveAssignableWithSwap() = default;
+  NotMoveAssignableWithSwap(NotMoveAssignableWithSwap&&) = default;
+  NotMoveAssignableWithSwap& operator=(NotMoveAssignableWithSwap&&) = delete;
+};
+void swap(NotMoveAssignableWithSwap&, NotMoveAssignableWithSwap&) noexcept {}
+
+template <bool Throws>
+void do_throw() {}
+
+template <>
+void do_throw<true>() {
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw 42;
+#else
+    std::abort();
+#endif
+}
+
+template <bool NT_Copy, bool NT_Move, bool NT_CopyAssign, bool NT_MoveAssign,
+          bool NT_Swap, bool EnableSwap = true>
+struct NothrowTypeImp {
+  static int move_called;
+  static int move_assign_called;
+  static int swap_called;
+  static void reset() { move_called = move_assign_called = swap_called = 0; }
+  NothrowTypeImp() = default;
+  explicit NothrowTypeImp(int v) : value(v) {}
+  NothrowTypeImp(NothrowTypeImp const& o) noexcept(NT_Copy)
+    : value(o.value)
+  { assert(false); } // never called by test
+  NothrowTypeImp(NothrowTypeImp&& o) noexcept(NT_Move)
+    : value(o.value)
+  { ++move_called; do_throw<!NT_Move>(); o.value = -1; }
+  NothrowTypeImp& operator=(NothrowTypeImp const&) noexcept(NT_CopyAssign)
+  { assert(false); return *this;} // never called by the tests
+  NothrowTypeImp& operator=(NothrowTypeImp&& o) noexcept(NT_MoveAssign) {
+      ++move_assign_called;
+      do_throw<!NT_MoveAssign>();
+      value = o.value; o.value = -1;
+      return *this;
+  }
+  int value;
+};
+template <bool NT_Copy, bool NT_Move, bool NT_CopyAssign, bool NT_MoveAssign,
+          bool NT_Swap, bool EnableSwap>
+int NothrowTypeImp<NT_Copy, NT_Move, NT_CopyAssign, NT_MoveAssign,
+                   NT_Swap, EnableSwap>::move_called = 0;
+template <bool NT_Copy, bool NT_Move, bool NT_CopyAssign, bool NT_MoveAssign,
+          bool NT_Swap, bool EnableSwap>
+int NothrowTypeImp<NT_Copy, NT_Move, NT_CopyAssign, NT_MoveAssign,
+                   NT_Swap, EnableSwap>::move_assign_called = 0;
+template <bool NT_Copy, bool NT_Move, bool NT_CopyAssign, bool NT_MoveAssign,
+          bool NT_Swap, bool EnableSwap>
+int NothrowTypeImp<NT_Copy, NT_Move, NT_CopyAssign, NT_MoveAssign,
+                   NT_Swap, EnableSwap>::swap_called = 0;
+
+template <bool NT_Copy, bool NT_Move, bool NT_CopyAssign, bool NT_MoveAssign,
+          bool NT_Swap>
+void swap(NothrowTypeImp<NT_Copy, NT_Move, NT_CopyAssign, NT_MoveAssign, NT_Swap, true>& lhs,
+          NothrowTypeImp<NT_Copy, NT_Move, NT_CopyAssign, NT_MoveAssign, NT_Swap, true>& rhs)
+    noexcept(NT_Swap) {
+    lhs.swap_called++;
+    do_throw<!NT_Swap>();
+    int tmp = lhs.value;
+    lhs.value = rhs.value;
+    rhs.value = tmp;
+}
+
+// throwing copy, nothrow move ctor/assign, no swap provided
+using NothrowMoveable = NothrowTypeImp<false, true, false, true, false, false>;
+// throwing copy and move assign, nothrow move ctor, no swap provided
+using NothrowMoveCtor = NothrowTypeImp<false, true, false, false, false, false>;
+// nothrow move ctor, throwing move assignment, swap provided
+using NothrowMoveCtorWithThrowingSwap = NothrowTypeImp<false, true, false, false, false, true>;
+// throwing move ctor, nothrow move assignment, no swap provided
+using ThrowingMoveCtor = NothrowTypeImp<false, false, false, true, false, false>;
+// throwing special members, nothrowing swap
+using ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap = NothrowTypeImp<false, false, false, false, true, true>;
+using NothrowTypeWithThrowingSwap = NothrowTypeImp<true, true, true, true, false, true>;
+// throwing move assign with nothrow move and nothrow swap
+using ThrowingMoveAssignNothrowMoveCtorWithSwap = NothrowTypeImp<false, true, false, false, true, true>;
+// throwing move assign with nothrow move but no swap.
+using ThrowingMoveAssignNothrowMoveCtor = NothrowTypeImp<false, true, false, false, false, false>;
+
+struct NonThrowingNonNoexceptType {
+  static int move_called;
+  static void reset() { move_called = 0; }
+  NonThrowingNonNoexceptType() = default;
+  NonThrowingNonNoexceptType(int v) : value(v) {}
+  NonThrowingNonNoexceptType(NonThrowingNonNoexceptType&& o) noexcept(false)
+    : value(o.value) {
+      ++move_called;
+      o.value = -1;
+  }
+  NonThrowingNonNoexceptType& operator=(NonThrowingNonNoexceptType&&) noexcept(false) {
+      assert(false); // never called by the tests.
+      return *this;
+  }
+  int value;
+};
+int NonThrowingNonNoexceptType::move_called = 0;
+
+struct ThrowsOnSecondMove {
+  int value;
+  int move_count;
+  ThrowsOnSecondMove(int v) : value(v), move_count(0) {}
+  ThrowsOnSecondMove(ThrowsOnSecondMove&& o) noexcept(false)
+    : value(o.value), move_count(o.move_count + 1) {
+      if (move_count == 2)
+          do_throw<true>();
+      o.value = -1;
+  }
+  ThrowsOnSecondMove& operator=(ThrowsOnSecondMove&&) {
+      assert(false); // not called by test
+      return *this;
+  }
+};
+
+
+void test_swap_valueless_by_exception()
+{
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+    { // both empty
+        V v1; makeEmpty(v1);
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(MakeEmptyT::alive == 0);
+        { // member swap
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(v2.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(MakeEmptyT::alive == 0);
+        }
+        { // non-member swap
+            swap(v1, v2);
+            assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(v2.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(MakeEmptyT::alive == 0);
+        }
+    }
+    { // only one empty
+        V v1(42);
+        V v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        { // member swap
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+            // swap again
+            v2.swap(v1);
+            assert(v2.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+        }
+        { // non-member swap
+            swap(v1, v2);
+            assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(std::get<0>(v2) == 42);
+            // swap again
+            swap(v1, v2);
+            assert(v2.valueless_by_exception());
+            assert(std::get<0>(v1) == 42);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void test_swap_same_alternative()
+{
+    {
+        using T = ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 100);
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 1);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 100);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 2);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+    {
+        using T = NothrowMoveable;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 100);
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 2);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 100);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+        T::reset();
+        swap(v1, v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 2);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    {
+        using T = NothrowTypeWithThrowingSwap;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T::swap_called == 1);
+        assert(T::move_called == 0);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+    {
+        using T = ThrowingMoveCtor;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T::move_called == 1); // call threw
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42); // throw happend before v1 was moved from
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+    {
+        using T = ThrowingMoveAssignNothrowMoveCtor;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<0>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 1); // call threw and didn't complete
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == -1); // v1 was moved from
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void test_swap_different_alternatives()
+{
+    {
+        using T = NothrowMoveCtorWithThrowingSwap;
+        using V = std::variant<T, int>;
+        T::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 0);
+        // The libc++ implementation double copies the argument, and not
+        // the variant swap is called on.
+        assert(T::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1) == 100);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+        T::reset();
+        swap(v1, v2);
+        assert(T::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T::move_called == 2);
+        assert(T::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2) == 100);
+    }
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+     {
+        using T1 = ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap;
+        using T2 = NonThrowingNonNoexceptType;
+        using V = std::variant<T1, T2>;
+        T1::reset();
+        T2::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T1::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T1::move_called == 1); // throws
+        assert(T1::move_assign_called  == 0);
+        assert(T2::move_called == 1);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(v2.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+    {
+        using T1 = NonThrowingNonNoexceptType;
+        using T2 = ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap;
+        using V = std::variant<T1, T2>;
+        T1::reset();
+        T2::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T2::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T2::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T2::move_called == 1); // throws
+        assert(T2::move_assign_called  == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+    {
+        using T1 = ThrowsOnSecondMove;
+        using T2 = NonThrowingNonNoexceptType;
+        using V = std::variant<T1, T2>;
+        T2::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        assert(T2::move_called == 2);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v1).value == 100);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).move_count == 1);
+    }
+    {
+        using T1 = NonThrowingNonNoexceptType;
+        using T2 = ThrowsOnSecondMove;
+        using V = std::variant<T1, T2>;
+        T1::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {}
+        assert(T1::move_called == 1);
+        assert(v1.valueless_by_exception());
+        assert(std::get<0>(v2).value == 42);
+    }
+    {
+        // testing libc++ extension. If either variant stores a nothrow move
+        // constructible type v1.swap(v2) provides the strong exception safety
+        // guarentee.
+        using T1 = ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap;
+        using T2 = NothrowMoveable;
+        using V = std::variant<T1, T2>;
+        T1::reset();
+        T2::reset();
+        V v1(std::in_place<0>, 42);
+        V v2(std::in_place<1>, 100);
+        try {
+            v1.swap(v2);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T1::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T1::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T1::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(T2::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T2::move_called == 2);
+        assert(T2::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 100);
+        // swap again, but call v2's swap.
+        T1::reset();
+        T2::reset();
+        try {
+            v2.swap(v1);
+            assert(false);
+        } catch (int) {
+        }
+        assert(T1::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T1::move_called == 1);
+        assert(T1::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(T2::swap_called == 0);
+        assert(T2::move_called == 2);
+        assert(T2::move_assign_called == 0);
+        assert(std::get<0>(v1).value == 42);
+        assert(std::get<1>(v2).value == 100);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class Var>
+constexpr auto has_swap_member_imp(int) -> decltype(std::declval<Var&>().swap(std::declval<Var&>()), true)
+{ return true; }
+
+template <class Var>
+constexpr auto has_swap_member_imp(long) -> bool { return false; }
+
+template <class Var>
+constexpr bool has_swap_member() { return has_swap_member_imp<Var>(0); }
+
+void test_swap_sfinae()
+{
+    {
+        // This variant type does not provide either a member or non-member swap
+        // but is still swappable via the generic swap algorithm, since the
+        // variant is move constructible and move assignable.
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotSwappable>;
+        static_assert(!has_swap_member<V>());
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V>, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotCopyable>;
+        static_assert(!has_swap_member<V>() && !std::is_swappable_v<V>, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotCopyableWithSwap>;
+        static_assert(!has_swap_member<V>() && !std::is_swappable_v<V>, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotMoveAssignable>;
+        static_assert(!has_swap_member<V>() && !std::is_swappable_v<V>, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_swap_noexcept()
+{
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NothrowMoveable>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NothrowMoveCtor>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, ThrowingTypeWithNothrowSwap>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, ThrowingMoveAssignNothrowMoveCtor>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, ThrowingMoveAssignNothrowMoveCtorWithSwap>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotMoveAssignableWithSwap>;
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V> && has_swap_member<V>(), "");
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        // instantiate swap
+        V v1, v2;
+        v1.swap(v2);
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+    {
+        // This variant type does not provide either a member or non-member swap
+        // but is still swappable via the generic swap algorithm, since the
+        // variant is move constructible and move assignable.
+        using V = std::variant<int, NotSwappable>;
+        static_assert(!has_swap_member<V>());
+        static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_swappable_v<V>, "");
+        V v1, v2;
+        swap(v1, v2);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_swap_valueless_by_exception();
+    test_swap_same_alternative();
+    test_swap_different_alternatives();
+    test_swap_sfinae();
+    test_swap_noexcept();
+}

test/std/variant/variant.visit/visit.pass.cpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++98, c++03, c++11, c++14
+
+// <variant>
+// template <class Visitor, class... Variants>
+// constexpr see below visit(Visitor&& vis, Variants&&... vars);
+
+#include <variant>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+#include "type_id.h"
+
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  MakeEmptyT() = default;
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+};
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = std::move(v2);
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+
+enum CallType : unsigned {
+  CT_None,
+  CT_NonConst = 1,
+  CT_Const = 2,
+  CT_LValue = 4,
+  CT_RValue = 8
+};
+
+inline constexpr CallType operator|(CallType LHS, CallType RHS) {
+    return static_cast<CallType>(static_cast<unsigned>(LHS) | static_cast<unsigned>(RHS));
+}
+
+struct ForwardingCallObject {
+
+  template <class ...Args>
+  bool operator()(Args&&... args) & {
+      set_call<Args&&...>(CT_NonConst | CT_LValue);
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  template <class ...Args>
+  bool operator()(Args&&... args) const & {
+      set_call<Args&&...>(CT_Const | CT_LValue);
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  // Don't allow the call operator to be invoked as an rvalue.
+  template <class ...Args>
+  bool operator()(Args&&... args) && {
+      set_call<Args&&...>(CT_NonConst | CT_RValue);
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  template <class ...Args>
+  bool operator()(Args&&... args) const && {
+      set_call<Args&&...>(CT_Const | CT_RValue);
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  template <class ...Args>
+  static void set_call(CallType type) {
+      assert(last_call_type == CT_None);
+      assert(last_call_args == nullptr);
+      last_call_type = type;
+      last_call_args = std::addressof(makeArgumentID<Args...>());
+  }
+
+  template <class ...Args>
+  static bool check_call(CallType type) {
+      bool result =
+           last_call_type == type
+        && last_call_args
+        && *last_call_args == makeArgumentID<Args...>();
+      last_call_type = CT_None;
+      last_call_args = nullptr;
+      return result;
+  }
+
+  static CallType      last_call_type;
+  static TypeID const* last_call_args;
+};
+
+CallType ForwardingCallObject::last_call_type = CT_None;
+TypeID const* ForwardingCallObject::last_call_args = nullptr;
+
+
+void test_call_operator_forwarding()
+{
+    using Fn = ForwardingCallObject;
+    Fn obj{};
+    Fn const& cobj = obj;
+    { // test call operator forwarding - single variant, single arg
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        std::visit(obj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int&>(CT_NonConst | CT_LValue));
+        std::visit(cobj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int&>(CT_Const | CT_LValue));
+        std::visit(std::move(obj), v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int&>(CT_NonConst | CT_RValue));
+        std::visit(std::move(cobj), v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int&>(CT_Const | CT_RValue));
+    }
+    { // test call operator forwarding - single variant, multi arg
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, double>;
+        V v(42l);
+        std::visit(obj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<long&>(CT_NonConst | CT_LValue));
+        std::visit(cobj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<long&>(CT_Const | CT_LValue));
+        std::visit(std::move(obj), v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<long&>(CT_NonConst | CT_RValue));
+        std::visit(std::move(cobj), v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<long&>(CT_Const | CT_RValue));
+    }
+    { // test call operator forwarding - multi variant, multi arg
+        using V = std::variant<int, long, double>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<int*, std::string>;
+        V v(42l);
+        V2 v2("hello");
+        std::visit(obj, v, v2);
+        assert((Fn::check_call<long&, std::string&>(CT_NonConst | CT_LValue)));
+        std::visit(cobj, v, v2);
+        assert((Fn::check_call<long&, std::string&>(CT_Const | CT_LValue)));
+        std::visit(std::move(obj), v, v2);
+        assert((Fn::check_call<long&, std::string&>(CT_NonConst | CT_RValue)));
+        std::visit(std::move(cobj), v, v2);
+        assert((Fn::check_call<long&, std::string&>(CT_Const | CT_RValue)));
+    }
+}
+
+void test_argument_forwarding()
+{
+    using Fn = ForwardingCallObject;
+    Fn obj{};
+    const auto Val = CT_LValue | CT_NonConst;
+    { // single argument - value type
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        V v(42);
+        V const& cv = v;
+        std::visit(obj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, cv);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int const&>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(v));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &&>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(cv));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<const int &&>(Val));
+    }
+    { // single argument - lvalue reference
+        using V = std::variant<int&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(x);
+        V const& cv = v;
+        std::visit(obj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, cv);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(v));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(cv));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+    }
+    { // single argument - rvalue reference
+        using V = std::variant<int&&>;
+        int x = 42;
+        V v(std::move(x));
+        V const& cv = v;
+        std::visit(obj, v);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, cv);
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(v));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &&>(Val));
+        std::visit(obj, std::move(cv));
+        assert(Fn::check_call<int &&>(Val));
+    }
+    { // multi argument - multi variant
+        using S = std::string const&;
+        using V = std::variant<int, S, long&&>;
+        std::string const str = "hello";
+        long l = 43;
+        V v1(42);           V const& cv1 = v1;
+        V v2(str);          V const& cv2 = v2;
+        V v3(std::move(l)); V const& cv3 = v3;
+        std::visit(obj, v1, v2, v3);
+        assert((Fn::check_call<int&, S, long&>(Val)));
+        std::visit(obj, cv1, cv2, std::move(v3));
+        assert((Fn::check_call<const int&, S, long&&>(Val)));
+    }
+}
+
+struct ReturnFirst {
+  template <class ...Args>
+  constexpr int operator()(int f, Args&&...) const {
+      return f;
+  }
+};
+
+struct ReturnArity {
+  template <class ...Args>
+  constexpr int operator()(Args&&...) const {
+      return sizeof...(Args);
+  }
+};
+
+void test_constexpr() {
+    constexpr ReturnFirst obj{};
+    constexpr ReturnArity aobj{};
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int>;
+        constexpr V v(42);
+        static_assert(std::visit(obj, v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<short, long, char>;
+        constexpr V v(42l);
+        static_assert(std::visit(obj, v) == 42, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V1 = std::variant<int>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<int, char*, long long>;
+        using V3 = std::variant<bool, int, int>;
+        constexpr V1 v1;
+        constexpr V2 v2(nullptr);
+        constexpr V3 v3;
+        static_assert(std::visit(aobj, v1, v2, v3) == 3, "");
+    }
+    {
+        using V1 = std::variant<int>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<int, char*, long long>;
+        using V3 = std::variant<void*, int, int>;
+        constexpr V1 v1;
+        constexpr V2 v2(nullptr);
+        constexpr V3 v3;
+        static_assert(std::visit(aobj, v1, v2, v3) == 3, "");
+    }
+}
+
+void test_exceptions() {
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    ReturnArity obj{};
+    auto test = [&](auto&&... args) {
+      try {
+          std::visit(obj, args...);
+      } catch (std::bad_variant_access const&) {
+          return true;
+      } catch (...) {}
+      return false;
+    };
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v; makeEmpty(v);
+        assert(test(v));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<long, std::string, void*>;
+        V v; makeEmpty(v);
+        V2 v2("hello");
+        assert(test(v, v2));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<long, std::string, void*>;
+        V v; makeEmpty(v);
+        V2 v2("hello");
+        assert(test(v2, v));
+    }
+    {
+        using V = std::variant<int, MakeEmptyT>;
+        using V2 = std::variant<long, std::string, void*, MakeEmptyT>;
+        V v; makeEmpty(v);
+        V2 v2; makeEmpty(v2);
+        assert(test(v, v2));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main() {
+    test_call_operator_forwarding();
+    test_argument_forwarding();
+    test_constexpr();
+    test_exceptions();
+}

test/support/variant_test_helpers.hpp

+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
+// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#ifndef SUPPORT_VARIANT_TEST_HELPERS_HPP
+#define SUPPORT_VARIANT_TEST_HELPERS_HPP
+
+#include "test_macros.h"
+
+#if TEST_STD_VER <= 14
+#error This file requires C++17
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+struct CopyThrows {
+  CopyThrows() = default;
+  CopyThrows(CopyThrows const&) { throw 42; }
+  CopyThrows& operator=(CopyThrows const&) { throw 42; }
+};
+
+struct MoveThrows {
+  static int alive;
+  MoveThrows() { ++alive; }
+  MoveThrows(MoveThrows const&) {++alive;}
+  MoveThrows(MoveThrows&&) {  throw 42; }
+  MoveThrows& operator=(MoveThrows const&) { return *this; }
+  MoveThrows& operator=(MoveThrows&&) { throw 42; }
+  ~MoveThrows() { --alive; }
+};
+
+int MoveThrows::alive = 0;
+
+struct MakeEmptyT {
+  static int alive;
+  MakeEmptyT() { ++alive; }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      ++alive;
+      // Don't throw from the copy constructor since variant's assignment
+      // operator performs a copy before committing to the assignment.
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT(MakeEmptyT &&) {
+    throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT const&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+  MakeEmptyT& operator=(MakeEmptyT&&) {
+      throw 42;
+  }
+   ~MakeEmptyT() { --alive; }
+};
+static_assert(std::is_swappable_v<MakeEmptyT>, ""); // required for test
+
+int MakeEmptyT::alive = 0;
+
+template <class Variant>
+void makeEmpty(Variant& v) {
+    Variant v2(std::in_place<MakeEmptyT>);
+    try {
+        v = v2;
+        assert(false);
+    }  catch (...) {
+        assert(v.valueless_by_exception());
+    }
+}
+#endif // TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+
+#endif // SUPPORT_VARIANT_TEST_HELPERS_HPP