[NVPTX] Adds a new address space inference pass.

[jingyue]

Summary

The old address space inference pass (NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces) is unable
to convert the address space of a pointer induction variable. This patch adds a
new pass called NVPTXInferAddressSpaces that overcomes that limitation using a
fixed-point data-flow analysis (see the file header comments for details).

The new pass is experimental and not enabled by default. Users can turn
it on by setting the -nvptx-use-infer-addrspace flag of llc.

[jlebar]

I had a few minutes to read through the comment here, hope you don't mind the drive-by review. I thought the comment was really helpful, btw.

Would it be worth adding something to the pass this one is intended to replace (and maybe this one as well) to indicate the relationship between the two passes? I expect this may be unclear to someone just reading the code.

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

17

Nit: s/ so/, so/

56

I think you want a comma after "PHINodes", since (I think) this is a nonrestrictive clause. Meaning, you're saying that phi nodes are the challenge, not that specifically phi nodes that create loops are the challenge.

79

Nit: "requires us to know" or "requires the compiler to know".

87

Nit: List parallelism. "Our algorithm first converts a to b. Then it *converts* b to c. FInally, it *fixes* the undef in c so that"

[jlebar]

Slowly making my way through this, here's a checkpoint. So far I'm finding this quite easy to read. Thank you!

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces.cpp

170

Is this change related to the new pass we're adding? Not clear to me how...

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

145

As I read the style guide, we're supposed to make anonymous namespaces as small as possible and then use static functions everywhere else? http://llvm.org/docs/CodingStandards.html#anonymous-namespaces

170

SmallVector has a constructor taking a range -- does that work here?

175

Nit: SmallVector has an initializer_list constructor, so would this be clearer if we just said

return {Op.getOperand(0)};

or

return SmallVector<Value *, 2>{{Op.getOperand(0)}};

? For my part, I can never remember which way the args in the constructor here go.

200

Uber nit: I think not having this "//" would be helpful, as the two comments are entirely different, rather than two paragraphs in a single comment. As-is I had to backtrack to understand what was happening.

221

s/is/are/

414

Is there some reason not to define this one-liner here?

424

every expression

436

Does SetVector work for you here?

438

every expression is in

[jlebar]

Almost all of my comments are cosmetic, but I have a few nontrivial questions. This looks quite sane to me.

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

258

We don't necessarily clone I -- e.g. if it's an AddrSpaceCast where the pointer types match. Probably worth documenting, since it's significant that this function returns a Value and not an Instruction.

269

"space, according"

273

Maybe it's obvious, but I can't figure out when we hit this. Src->getType()'s address space matches NewAddrSpace, but Src->getType() != NewPtrType?

279

Any reason we can't iterate over I->operands() directly? getOperandUse() seems to do exactly the same thing as getOperand, just with different types.

http://llvm.org/docs/doxygen/html/User_8h_source.html#l00143

If we do have to do a non-range-based for loop, style guide says to cache the length (which I find silly, but there it is).

284

Would push_back be clearer?

292

Is it worth asserting that the phi's type is a pointer? Otherwise we're in trouble here.

303

NewIndexList(GEP->idx_begin(), GEP->idx_end());

?

314

I may be missing something, but it seems like this would be a lot simpler if we instead cloned the old instruction, then iterated over its relevant operands and converted the pointer ones to the new address space. Then we wouldn't have to worry about tricky things like remembering to call setInBounds.

In fact if we wanted, I think we could write this mostly-generically:

• for each instruction type, make a list of all of the operand indices that may contain pointers and that we want to modify.
• then iterate over that list and convert the ones which are pointers to the new address space.

327

"space, according"

342

s/and that/and /

(List parallelism -- you should be able to read the list while omitting (1): "because foo and (2) this function is called ...", not "and that".)

353

when constructing

356

perhaps document what 'false' is? Unless it's obvious. (Old rant: http://jlebar.com/2011/12/16/Boolean_parameters_to_API_functions_considered_harmful..html)

363

value V, with its

365

modified, in postorder

(Otherwise it looks like "in postorder" modifies "needs to be modified", rather than "is called".)

372

"Every value in Postorder is", or "All values in Postorder are"

420

I haven't written any large passes, so if this is wrong, feel free to ignore, but carrying the InferredAddressSpaces map as a member variable seems like it might add more complexity than using it as a local variable here. In particular, we wouldn't need to remember to clear it, and updateAddressSpace could simply return the new address space, instead of updating the global map. (Maybe it would return an Optional<unsigned>, or it could just return the same address space to indicate "no change".)

462

expressions, which

470

Is it worth not doing the hash lookup twice?

536

Although style guide likes declaring variables inside if statements, it also likes reducing nesting, and in this case maybe that wins -- i.e., reverse the if statement and add a continue?

539

Why can't we iterate over V->uses() directly? (Is it because we're modifying them?)

545

of a load/store

546

type, so (joining independent clauses with a conjunction)

547

"is still valid", maybe?

561

Maybe it's obvious, but it's not clear to me why we want to go past phi nodes. We're adding a cast to the value V, which is defined at position I->getIterator(). So surely that value is in fact available right after that position -- why skip further down?

test/CodeGen/NVPTX/access-non-generic.ll

6

Are these incompatible -- i.e., we can't combine these two into one FileCheck call with two use-prefixes?

[jlebar]

(I'm done with the whole thing now.)

[jingyue]

Thanks a lot for the review! I understand it's a lot of work :) I answered one of your high-level questions. I'm still OOO and will get to other comments later.

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

314

I tried that initially. The problem was you can't just "convert" the address space of a pointer operand of a Value without changing the type of the Value. e.g.,

float* a = GEP float, float* b, 0, 1

if we convert b's type to float addrspace(3)*, the GEP instruction becomes invalid because a's type is still float*. We would need an extra step of a->mutateType() which is discouraged and doesn't work for constant expressions (footnote: the lookup table for constant expressions uses type + operands as keys, so mutating the types brutally would mess it up.)

So, I chose to construct new instructions and constant expressions instead of directly converting types, as it is safer and does not depend too much on the internals.

[jingyue]

jlebar@'s comments

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces.cpp

170

NVPTXInferAddressSpaces does a better job in preserving the variable names than the old version of NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces. After this change, the two passes can share the same @rauw test.

In the old version, NewASC is likely going to be removed, so it makes more sense to assign the name to NewGEP instead. This makes this pass generate more named variables instead of something like %1. See @rauw in access-non-generic.ll.

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

170

PHINode::incoming_values returns a range of Use* instead of a range of Value*. Use* can be type-converted to Value*, so my code works.

273

addrspacecast can convert the pointee type as well. See @ld_int_from_float.

414

I don't get what you mean. What's the one-liner?

420

I like your proposal. PTAL.

436

That's a great idea.

539

Yes. U->set(...) invalidates use iterators of U->getUser().

561

In LLVM IR, PHINodes have to be in the front of a basic block.

test/CodeGen/NVPTX/access-non-generic.ll

6

IR-WITH-LOOP only works with nvptx-infer-addrspace and not nvptx-favor-non-generic, so I split the tests into

IR: check both favor and infer
IR-WITH-LOOP: check only favor

[jlebar]

Thank you very much for explaining the bits of this that were confusing to me -- it's very helpful!

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

192

I think you meant to remove the line above?

297

You'll probably want to go over this once more with clang-format to catch "&" and "*" placement. I read too much google3 to notice this consistently, myself. :)

414

I just mean moving the definition of this function into this declaration. Not a big deal either way.

420

Looks good to me!

test/CodeGen/NVPTX/access-non-generic.ll

6

I just meant

FileCheck %s --check-prefix IR --check-prefix IR-WITH-LOOP

Not a big deal -- in fact maybe we'll get clearer errors as-is.

[jingyue]

Some more minor changes.

[jingyue]

All comments addressed. Submitting...

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

414

The one-liner definition below expands to llvm::initializeNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass, so it has to be out of namespace llvm.

test/CodeGen/NVPTX/access-non-generic.ll

6

I didn't know I could chain multiple --check-prefix together. Thanks for pointing this out.

lib/Target/NVPTX/CMakeLists.txt

set(NVPTXCodeGen_sources
   NVPTXAsmPrinter.cpp
   NVPTXAssignValidGlobalNames.cpp
   NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces.cpp
   NVPTXFrameLowering.cpp
   NVPTXGenericToNVVM.cpp
   NVPTXISelDAGToDAG.cpp
   NVPTXISelLowering.cpp
   NVPTXImageOptimizer.cpp
+  NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp
   NVPTXInstrInfo.cpp
   NVPTXLowerAggrCopies.cpp
   NVPTXLowerKernelArgs.cpp
   NVPTXLowerAlloca.cpp
   NVPTXPeephole.cpp
   NVPTXMCExpr.cpp
   NVPTXPrologEpilogPass.cpp
   NVPTXRegisterInfo.cpp

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTX.h

 };
 }
 
 FunctionPass *createNVPTXISelDag(NVPTXTargetMachine &TM,
                                  llvm::CodeGenOpt::Level OptLevel);
 ModulePass *createNVPTXAssignValidGlobalNamesPass();
 ModulePass *createGenericToNVVMPass();
 FunctionPass *createNVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpacesPass();
+FunctionPass *createNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass();
 ModulePass *createNVVMReflectPass();
 ModulePass *createNVVMReflectPass(const StringMap<int>& Mapping);
 MachineFunctionPass *createNVPTXPrologEpilogPass();
 MachineFunctionPass *createNVPTXReplaceImageHandlesPass();
 FunctionPass *createNVPTXImageOptimizerPass();
 FunctionPass *createNVPTXLowerKernelArgsPass(const NVPTXTargetMachine *TM);
 BasicBlockPass *createNVPTXLowerAllocaPass();
 MachineFunctionPass *createNVPTXPeephole();

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces.cpp

 //===-- NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpace.cpp - ---------------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
 //
 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //
+// FIXME: This pass is deprecated in favor of NVPTXInferAddressSpaces, which
+// uses a new algorithm that handles pointer induction variables.
+//
 // When a load/store accesses the generic address space, checks whether the
 // address is casted from a non-generic address space. If so, remove this
 // addrspacecast because accessing non-generic address spaces is typically
 // faster. Besides removing addrspacecasts directly used by loads/stores, this
 // optimization also recursively traces into a GEP's pointer operand and a
 // bitcast's source to find more eliminable addrspacecasts.
 //
 // For instance, the code below loads a float from an array allocated in
if (Instruction *GEPI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(GEP)) {
     // GEP = gep (addrspacecast X), indices
     // =>
     // NewGEP = gep X, indices
     // NewASC = addrspacecast NewGEP
     GetElementPtrInst *NewGEP = GetElementPtrInst::Create(
         GEP->getSourceElementType(), Cast->getOperand(0), Indices,
         "", GEPI);
     NewGEP->setIsInBounds(GEP->isInBounds());
+    NewGEP->takeName(GEP);
     NewASC = new AddrSpaceCastInst(NewGEP, GEP->getType(), "", GEPI);
-    NewASC->takeName(GEP);
     // Without RAUWing GEP, the compiler would visit GEP again and emit
     // redundant instructions. This is exercised in test @rauw in
     // access-non-generic.ll.
     GEP->replaceAllUsesWith(NewASC);
   } else {
     // GEP is a constant expression.
     Constant *NewGEP = ConstantExpr::getGetElementPtr(
         GEP->getSourceElementType(), cast<Constant>(Cast->getOperand(0)),

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXInferAddressSpaces.cpp

+//===-- NVPTXInferAddressSpace.cpp - ---------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// CUDA C/C++ includes memory space designation as variable type qualifers (such
+// as __global__ and __shared__). Knowing the space of a memory access allows
+// CUDA compilers to emit faster PTX loads and stores. For example, a load from
+// shared memory can be translated to `ld.shared` which is roughly 10% faster
+// than a generic `ld` on an NVIDIA Tesla K40c.
+//
+// Unfortunately, type qualifiers only apply to variable declarations, so CUDA
+// compilers must infer the memory space of an address expression from
+// type-qualified variables.
+//
+// LLVM IR uses non-zero (so-called) specific address spaces to represent memory
+// spaces (e.g. addrspace(3) means shared memory). The Clang frontend
+// places only type-qualified variables in specific address spaces, and then
+// conservatively `addrspacecast`s each type-qualified variable to addrspace(0)
+// (so-called the generic address space) for other instructions to use.
+//
+// For example, the Clang translates the following CUDA code
+//   __shared__ float a[10];
+//   float v = a[i];
+// to
+//   %0 = addrspacecast [10 x float] addrspace(3)* @a to [10 x float]*
+//   %1 = gep [10 x float], [10 x float]* %0, i64 0, i64 %i
+//   %v = load float, float* %1 ; emits ld.f32
+// @a is in addrspace(3) since it's type-qualified, but its use from %1 is
+// redirected to %0 (the generic version of @a).
+//
+// The optimization implemented in this file propagates specific address spaces
+// from type-qualified variable declarations to its users. For example, it
+// optimizes the above IR to
+//   %1 = gep [10 x float] addrspace(3)* @a, i64 0, i64 %i
+//   %v = load float addrspace(3)* %1 ; emits ld.shared.f32
+// propagating the addrspace(3) from @a to %1. As the result, the NVPTX
+// codegen is able to emit ld.shared.f32 for %v.
+//
+// Address space inference works in two steps. First, it uses a data-flow
+// analysis to infer as many generic pointers as possible to point to only one
+// specific address space. In the above example, it can prove that %1 only
+// points to addrspace(3). This algorithm was published in
+//   CUDA: Compiling and optimizing for a GPU platform
+//   Chakrabarti, Grover, Aarts, Kong, Kudlur, Lin, Marathe, Murphy, Wang
+//   ICCS 2012
+//
+// Then, address space inference replaces all refinable generic pointers with
+// equivalent specific pointers.
+//
+// The major challenge of implementing this optimization is handling PHINodes,
+// which may create loops in the data flow graph. This brings two complications.
+//
+// First, the data flow analysis in Step 1 needs to be circular. For example,
+//     %generic.input = addrspacecast float addrspace(3)* %input to float*
+//   loop:
+//     %y = phi [ %generic.input, %y2 ]
+//     %y2 = getelementptr %y, 1
+//     %v = load %y2
+//     br ..., label %loop, ...
+// proving %y specific requires proving both %generic.input and %y2 specific,
+// but proving %y2 specific circles back to %y. To address this complication,
+// the data flow analysis operates on a lattice:
+//   uninitialized > specific address spaces > generic.
+// All address expressions (our implementation only considers phi, bitcast,
+// addrspacecast, and getelementptr) start with the uninitialized address space.
+// The monotone transfer function moves the address space of a pointer down a
+// lattice path from uninitialized to specific and then to generic. A join
+// operation of two different specific address spaces pushes the expression down
+// to the generic address space. The analysis completes once it reaches a fixed
+// point.
+//
+// Second, IR rewriting in Step 2 also needs to be circular. For example,
+// converting %y to addrspace(3) requires the compiler to know the converted
+// %y2, but converting %y2 needs the converted %y. To address this complication,
+// we break these cycles using "undef" placeholders. When converting an
+// instruction `I` to a new address space, if its operand `Op` is not converted
+// yet, we let `I` temporarily use `undef` and fix all the uses of undef later.
+// For instance, our algorithm first converts %y to
+//   %y' = phi float addrspace(3)* [ %input, undef ]
+// Then, it converts %y2 to
+//   %y2' = getelementptr %y', 1
+// Finally, it fixes the undef in %y' so that
+//   %y' = phi float addrspace(3)* [ %input, %y2' ]
+//
+// TODO: This pass is experimental and not enabled by default. Users can turn it
+// on by setting the -nvptx-use-infer-addrspace flag of llc. We plan to replace
+// NVPTXNonFavorGenericAddrSpaces with this pass shortly.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "nvptx-infer-addrspace"
+
+#include "NVPTX.h"
+#include "MCTargetDesc/NVPTXBaseInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ValueMapper.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+namespace {
+const unsigned ADDRESS_SPACE_UNINITIALIZED = (unsigned)-1;
+
+using ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy = DenseMap<const Value *, unsigned>;
+
+/// \brief NVPTXInferAddressSpaces
+class NVPTXInferAddressSpaces: public FunctionPass {
+public:
+  static char ID;
+
+  NVPTXInferAddressSpaces() : FunctionPass(ID) {}
+
+  bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override;
+
+private:
+  // Returns the new address space of V if updated; otherwise, returns None.
+  Optional<unsigned>
+  updateAddressSpace(const Value &V,
+                     const ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy &InferredAddrSpace);
+
+  // Tries to infer the specific address space of each address expression in
+  // Postorder.
+  void inferAddressSpaces(const std::vector<Value *> &Postorder,
+                          ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy *InferredAddrSpace);
+
+  // Changes the generic address expressions in function F to point to specific
+  // address spaces if InferredAddrSpace says so. Postorder is the postorder of
+  // all generic address expressions in the use-def graph of function F.
+  bool
+  rewriteWithNewAddressSpaces(const std::vector<Value *> &Postorder,
+                              const ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy &InferredAddrSpace,
+                              Function *F);
+};
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+char NVPTXInferAddressSpaces::ID = 0;
+
+namespace llvm {
+void initializeNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass(PassRegistry &);
+}
+INITIALIZE_PASS(NVPTXInferAddressSpaces, "nvptx-infer-addrspace",
+                "Infer address spaces",
+                false, false)
+
+// Returns true if V is an address expression.
+// TODO: Currently, we consider only phi, bitcast, addrspacecast, and
+// getelementptr operators.
+static bool isAddressExpression(const Value &V) {
+  if (!isa<Operator>(V))
+    return false;
+
+  switch (cast<Operator>(V).getOpcode()) {
+  case Instruction::PHI:
+  case Instruction::BitCast:
+  case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
+  case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
+    return true;
+  default:
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the pointer operands of V.
+//
+// Precondition: V is an address expression.
+static SmallVector<Value *, 2> getPointerOperands(const Value &V) {
+  assert(isAddressExpression(V));
+  const Operator& Op = cast<Operator>(V);
+  switch (Op.getOpcode()) {
+  case Instruction::PHI: {
+    auto IncomingValues = cast<PHINode>(Op).incoming_values();
+    return SmallVector<Value *, 2>(IncomingValues.begin(),
+                                   IncomingValues.end());
+  }
+  case Instruction::BitCast:
+  case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
+  case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
+    return {Op.getOperand(0)};
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected instruction type.");
+  }
+}
+
+// If V is an unvisited generic address expression, appends V to PostorderStack
+// and marks it as visited.
+static void appendsGenericAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(
+    Value *V, std::vector<std::pair<Value *, bool>> *PostorderStack,
+    DenseSet<Value *> *Visited) {
+  assert(V->getType()->isPointerTy());
+  if (isAddressExpression(*V) &&
+      V->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() ==
+          AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC) {
+    if (Visited->insert(V).second)
+      PostorderStack->push_back(std::make_pair(V, false));
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns all generic address expressions in function F. The elements are
+// ordered in postorder.
+static std::vector<Value *> collectGenericAddressExpressions(Function &F) {
+  // This function implements a non-recursive postorder traversal of a partial
+  // use-def graph of function F.
+  std::vector<std::pair<Value*, bool>> PostorderStack;
+  // The set of visited expressions.
+  DenseSet<Value*> Visited;
+  // We only explore address expressions that are reachable from loads and
+  // stores for now because we aim at generating faster loads and stores.
+  for (Instruction &I : instructions(F)) {
+    if (isa<LoadInst>(I)) {
+      appendsGenericAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(
+          I.getOperand(0), &PostorderStack, &Visited);
+    } else if (isa<StoreInst>(I)) {
+      appendsGenericAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(
+          I.getOperand(1), &PostorderStack, &Visited);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Value *> Postorder; // The resultant postorder.
+  while (!PostorderStack.empty()) {
+    // If the operands of the expression on the top are already explored,
+    // adds that expression to the resultant postorder.
+    if (PostorderStack.back().second) {
+      Postorder.push_back(PostorderStack.back().first);
+      PostorderStack.pop_back();
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Otherwise, adds its operands to the stack and explores them.
+    PostorderStack.back().second = true;
+    for (Value *PtrOperand : getPointerOperands(*PostorderStack.back().first)) {
+      appendsGenericAddressExpressionToPostorderStack(
+          PtrOperand, &PostorderStack, &Visited);
+    }
+  }
+  return Postorder;
+}
+
+// A helper function for cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace. Returns the clone
+// of OperandUse.get() in the new address space. If the clone is not ready yet,
+// returns an undef in the new address space as a placeholder.
+static Value *operandWithNewAddressSpaceOrCreateUndef(
+    const Use &OperandUse, unsigned NewAddrSpace,
+    const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace,
+    SmallVectorImpl<const Use *> *UndefUsesToFix) {
+  Value *Operand = OperandUse.get();
+  if (Value *NewOperand = ValueWithNewAddrSpace.lookup(Operand))
+    return NewOperand;
+
+  UndefUsesToFix->push_back(&OperandUse);
+  return UndefValue::get(
+      Operand->getType()->getPointerElementType()->getPointerTo(NewAddrSpace));
+}
+
+// Returns a clone of `I` with its operands converted to those specified in
+// ValueWithNewAddrSpace. Due to potential cycles in the data flow graph, an
+// operand whose address space needs to be modified might not exist in
+// ValueWithNewAddrSpace. In that case, uses undef as a placeholder operand and
+// adds that operand use to UndefUsesToFix so that caller can fix them later.
+//
+// Note that we do not necessarily clone `I`, e.g., if it is an addrspacecast
+// from a pointer whose type already matches. Therefore, this function returns a
+// Value* instead of an Instruction*.
+static Value *cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
+    Instruction *I, unsigned NewAddrSpace,
+    const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace,
+    SmallVectorImpl<const Use *> *UndefUsesToFix) {
+  Type *NewPtrType =
+      I->getType()->getPointerElementType()->getPointerTo(NewAddrSpace);
+
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::AddrSpaceCast) {
+    Value *Src = I->getOperand(0);
+    // Because `I` is generic, the source address space must be specific.
+    // Therefore, the inferred address space must be the source space, according
+    // to our algorithm.
+    assert(Src->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() == NewAddrSpace);
+    if (Src->getType() != NewPtrType)
+      return new BitCastInst(Src, NewPtrType);
+    return Src;
+  }
+
+  // Computes the converted pointer operands.
+  SmallVector<Value *, 4> NewPointerOperands;
+  for (const Use &OperandUse : I->operands()) {
+    if (!OperandUse.get()->getType()->isPointerTy())
+      NewPointerOperands.push_back(nullptr);
+    else
+      NewPointerOperands.push_back(operandWithNewAddressSpaceOrCreateUndef(
+          OperandUse, NewAddrSpace, ValueWithNewAddrSpace, UndefUsesToFix));
+  }
+
+  switch (I->getOpcode()) {
+  case Instruction::BitCast:
+    return new BitCastInst(NewPointerOperands[0], NewPtrType);
+  case Instruction::PHI: {
+    assert(I->getType()->isPointerTy());
+    PHINode *PHI = cast<PHINode>(I);
+    PHINode *NewPHI = PHINode::Create(NewPtrType, PHI->getNumIncomingValues());
+    for (unsigned Index = 0; Index < PHI->getNumIncomingValues(); ++Index) {
+      unsigned OperandNo = PHINode::getOperandNumForIncomingValue(Index);
+      NewPHI->addIncoming(NewPointerOperands[OperandNo],
+                          PHI->getIncomingBlock(Index));
+    }
+    return NewPHI;
+  }
+  case Instruction::GetElementPtr: {
+    GetElementPtrInst *GEP = cast<GetElementPtrInst>(I);
+    GetElementPtrInst *NewGEP = GetElementPtrInst::Create(
+        GEP->getSourceElementType(), NewPointerOperands[0],
+        SmallVector<Value *, 4>(GEP->idx_begin(), GEP->idx_end()));
+    NewGEP->setIsInBounds(GEP->isInBounds());
+    return NewGEP;
+  }
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected opcode");
+  }
+}
+
+// Similar to cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace, returns a clone of the
+// constant expression `CE` with its operands replaced as specified in
+// ValueWithNewAddrSpace.
+static Value *cloneConstantExprWithNewAddressSpace(
+    ConstantExpr *CE, unsigned NewAddrSpace,
+    const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace) {
+  Type *TargetType =
+      CE->getType()->getPointerElementType()->getPointerTo(NewAddrSpace);
+
+  if (CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::AddrSpaceCast) {
+    // Because CE is generic, the source address space must be specific.
+    // Therefore, the inferred address space must be the source space according
+    // to our algorithm.
+    assert(CE->getOperand(0)->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() ==
+           NewAddrSpace);
+    return ConstantExpr::getBitCast(CE->getOperand(0), TargetType);
+  }
+
+  // Computes the operands of the new constant expression.
+  SmallVector<Constant *, 4> NewOperands;
+  for (unsigned Index = 0; Index < CE->getNumOperands(); ++Index) {
+    Constant *Operand = CE->getOperand(Index);
+    // If the address space of `Operand` needs to be modified, the new operand
+    // with the new address space should already be in ValueWithNewAddrSpace
+    // because (1) the constant expressions we consider (i.e. addrspacecast,
+    // bitcast, and getelementptr) do not incur cycles in the data flow graph
+    // and (2) this function is called on constant expressions in postorder.
+    if (Value *NewOperand = ValueWithNewAddrSpace.lookup(Operand)) {
+      NewOperands.push_back(cast<Constant>(NewOperand));
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise, reuses the old operand.
+      NewOperands.push_back(Operand);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::GetElementPtr) {
+    // Needs to specify the source type while constructing a getelementptr
+    // constant expression.
+    return CE->getWithOperands(
+        NewOperands, TargetType, /*OnlyIfReduced=*/false,
+        NewOperands[0]->getType()->getPointerElementType());
+  }
+
+  return CE->getWithOperands(NewOperands, TargetType);
+}
+
+// Returns a clone of the value `V`, with its operands replaced as specified in
+// ValueWithNewAddrSpace. This function is called on every generic address
+// expression whose address space needs to be modified, in postorder.
+//
+// See cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace for the meaning of UndefUsesToFix.
+static Value *
+cloneValueWithNewAddressSpace(Value *V, unsigned NewAddrSpace,
+                              const ValueToValueMapTy &ValueWithNewAddrSpace,
+                              SmallVectorImpl<const Use *> *UndefUsesToFix) {
+  // All values in Postorder are generic address expressions.
+  assert(isAddressExpression(*V) &&
+         V->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() ==
+             AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC);
+
+  if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
+    Value *NewV = cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace(
+        I, NewAddrSpace, ValueWithNewAddrSpace, UndefUsesToFix);
+    if (Instruction *NewI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewV)) {
+      if (NewI->getParent() == nullptr) {
+        NewI->insertBefore(I);
+        NewI->takeName(I);
+      }
+    }
+    return NewV;
+  }
+
+  return cloneConstantExprWithNewAddressSpace(
+      cast<ConstantExpr>(V), NewAddrSpace, ValueWithNewAddrSpace);
+}
+
+// Defines the join operation on the address space lattice (see the file header
+// comments).
+static unsigned joinAddressSpaces(unsigned AS1, unsigned AS2) {
+  if (AS1 == AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC ||
+      AS2 == AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC)
+    return AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC;
+
+  if (AS1 == ADDRESS_SPACE_UNINITIALIZED)
+    return AS2;
+  if (AS2 == ADDRESS_SPACE_UNINITIALIZED)
+    return AS1;
+
+  // The join of two different specific address spaces is generic.
+  return AS1 == AS2 ? AS1 : (unsigned)AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC;
+}
+
+bool NVPTXInferAddressSpaces::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
+  // Collects all generic address expressions in postorder.
+  std::vector<Value *> Postorder = collectGenericAddressExpressions(F);
+
+  // Runs a data-flow analysis to refine the address spaces of every expression
+  // in Postorder.
+  ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy InferredAddrSpace;
+  inferAddressSpaces(Postorder, &InferredAddrSpace);
+
+  // Changes the address spaces of the generic address expressions who are
+  // inferred to point to a specific address space.
+  return rewriteWithNewAddressSpaces(Postorder, InferredAddrSpace, &F);
+}
+
+void NVPTXInferAddressSpaces::inferAddressSpaces(
+    const std::vector<Value *> &Postorder,
+    ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy *InferredAddrSpace) {
+  SetVector<Value *> Worklist(Postorder.begin(), Postorder.end());
+  // Initially, all expressions are in the uninitialized address space.
+  for (Value *V : Postorder)
+    (*InferredAddrSpace)[V] = ADDRESS_SPACE_UNINITIALIZED;
+
+  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
+    Value* V = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+
+    // Tries to update the address space of the stack top according to the
+    // address spaces of its operands.
+    DEBUG(dbgs() << "Updating the address space of\n"
+                 << "  " << *V << "\n");
+    Optional<unsigned> NewAS = updateAddressSpace(*V, *InferredAddrSpace);
+    if (!NewAS.hasValue())
+      continue;
+    // If any updates are made, grabs its users to the worklist because
+    // their address spaces can also be possibly updated.
+    DEBUG(dbgs() << "  to " << NewAS.getValue() << "\n");
+    (*InferredAddrSpace)[V] = NewAS.getValue();
+
+    for (Value *User : V->users()) {
+      // Skip if User is already in the worklist.
+      if (Worklist.count(User))
+        continue;
+
+      auto Pos = InferredAddrSpace->find(User);
+      // Our algorithm only updates the address spaces of generic address
+      // expressions, which are those in InferredAddrSpace.
+      if (Pos == InferredAddrSpace->end())
+        continue;
+
+      // Function updateAddressSpace moves the address space down a lattice
+      // path. Therefore, nothing to do if User is already inferred as
+      // generic (the bottom element in the lattice).
+      if (Pos->second == AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC)
+        continue;
+
+      Worklist.insert(User);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Optional<unsigned> NVPTXInferAddressSpaces::updateAddressSpace(
+    const Value &V, const ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy &InferredAddrSpace) {
+  assert(InferredAddrSpace.count(&V));
+
+  // The new inferred address space equals the join of the address spaces
+  // of all its pointer operands.
+  unsigned NewAS = ADDRESS_SPACE_UNINITIALIZED;
+  for (Value *PtrOperand : getPointerOperands(V)) {
+    unsigned OperandAS;
+    if (InferredAddrSpace.count(PtrOperand))
+      OperandAS = InferredAddrSpace.lookup(PtrOperand);
+    else
+      OperandAS = PtrOperand->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace();
+    NewAS = joinAddressSpaces(NewAS, OperandAS);
+    // join(generic, *) = generic. So we can break if NewAS is already generic.
+    if (NewAS == AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC)
+      break;
+  }
+
+  unsigned OldAS = InferredAddrSpace.lookup(&V);
+  assert(OldAS != AddressSpace::ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC);
+  if (OldAS == NewAS)
+    return None;
+  return NewAS;
+}
+
+bool NVPTXInferAddressSpaces::rewriteWithNewAddressSpaces(
+    const std::vector<Value *> &Postorder,
+    const ValueToAddrSpaceMapTy &InferredAddrSpace, Function *F) {
+  // For each address expression to be modified, creates a clone of it with its
+  // pointer operands converted to the new address space. Since the pointer
+  // operands are converted, the clone is naturally in the new address space by
+  // construction.
+  ValueToValueMapTy ValueWithNewAddrSpace;
+  SmallVector<const Use *, 32> UndefUsesToFix;
+  for (Value* V : Postorder) {
+    unsigned NewAddrSpace = InferredAddrSpace.lookup(V);
+    if (V->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() != NewAddrSpace) {
+      ValueWithNewAddrSpace[V] = cloneValueWithNewAddressSpace(
+          V, NewAddrSpace, ValueWithNewAddrSpace, &UndefUsesToFix);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ValueWithNewAddrSpace.empty())
+    return false;
+
+  // Fixes all the undef uses generated by cloneInstructionWithNewAddressSpace.
+  for (const Use* UndefUse : UndefUsesToFix) {
+    User *V = UndefUse->getUser();
+    User *NewV = cast<User>(ValueWithNewAddrSpace.lookup(V));
+    unsigned OperandNo = UndefUse->getOperandNo();
+    assert(isa<UndefValue>(NewV->getOperand(OperandNo)));
+    NewV->setOperand(OperandNo, ValueWithNewAddrSpace.lookup(UndefUse->get()));
+  }
+
+  // Replaces the uses of the old address expressions with the new ones.
+  for (Value *V : Postorder) {
+    Value *NewV = ValueWithNewAddrSpace.lookup(V);
+    if (NewV == nullptr)
+      continue;
+
+    SmallVector<Use *, 4> Uses;
+    for (Use &U : V->uses())
+      Uses.push_back(&U);
+    DEBUG(dbgs() << "Replacing the uses of " << *V << "\n  to\n  " << *NewV
+                 << "\n");
+    for (Use *U : Uses) {
+      if (isa<LoadInst>(U->getUser()) ||
+          (isa<StoreInst>(U->getUser()) && U->getOperandNo() == 1)) {
+        // If V is used as the pointer operand of a load/store, sets the pointer
+        // operand to NewV. This replacement does not change the element type,
+        // so the resultant load/store is still valid.
+        U->set(NewV);
+      } else if (isa<Instruction>(U->getUser())) {
+        // Otherwise, replaces the use with generic(NewV).
+        // TODO: Some optimization opportunities are missed. For example, in
+        //   %0 = icmp eq float* %p, %q
+        // if both p and q are inferred to be shared, we can rewrite %0 as
+        //   %0 = icmp eq float addrspace(3)* %new_p, %new_q
+        // instead of currently
+        //   %generic_p = addrspacecast float addrspace(3)* %new_p to float*
+        //   %generic_q = addrspacecast float addrspace(3)* %new_q to float*
+        //   %0 = icmp eq float* %generic_p, %generic_q
+        if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
+          BasicBlock::iterator InsertPos = std::next(I->getIterator());
+          while (isa<PHINode>(InsertPos))
+            ++InsertPos;
+          U->set(new AddrSpaceCastInst(NewV, V->getType(), "", &*InsertPos));
+        } else {
+          U->set(ConstantExpr::getAddrSpaceCast(cast<Constant>(NewV),
+                                                V->getType()));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (V->use_empty())
+      RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(V);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+FunctionPass *llvm::createNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass() {
+  return new NVPTXInferAddressSpaces();
+}

lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXTargetMachine.cpp

 #include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
 #include "llvm/Target/TargetOptions.h"
 #include "llvm/Target/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Target/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
 
 using namespace llvm;
 
+static cl::opt<bool> UseInferAddressSpaces(
+    "nvptx-use-infer-addrspace", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
+    cl::desc("Optimize address spaces using NVPTXInferAddressSpaces instead of "
+             "NVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpaces"));
+
 namespace llvm {
 void initializeNVVMReflectPass(PassRegistry&);
 void initializeGenericToNVVMPass(PassRegistry&);
 void initializeNVPTXAllocaHoistingPass(PassRegistry &);
 void initializeNVPTXAssignValidGlobalNamesPass(PassRegistry&);
 void initializeNVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpacesPass(PassRegistry &);
+void initializeNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass(PassRegistry &);
 void initializeNVPTXLowerAggrCopiesPass(PassRegistry &);
 void initializeNVPTXLowerKernelArgsPass(PassRegistry &);
 void initializeNVPTXLowerAllocaPass(PassRegistry &);
 }
 
 extern "C" void LLVMInitializeNVPTXTarget() {
   // Register the target.
   RegisterTargetMachine<NVPTXTargetMachine32> X(TheNVPTXTarget32);
   RegisterTargetMachine<NVPTXTargetMachine64> Y(TheNVPTXTarget64);
 
   // FIXME: This pass is really intended to be invoked during IR optimization,
   // but it's very NVPTX-specific.
   PassRegistry &PR = *PassRegistry::getPassRegistry();
   initializeNVVMReflectPass(PR);
   initializeGenericToNVVMPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXAllocaHoistingPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXAssignValidGlobalNamesPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpacesPass(PR);
+  initializeNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXLowerKernelArgsPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXLowerAllocaPass(PR);
   initializeNVPTXLowerAggrCopiesPass(PR);
 }
 
 static std::string computeDataLayout(bool is64Bit) {
   std::string Ret = "e";
 
public:
   void addOptimizedRegAlloc(FunctionPass *RegAllocPass) override;
 
 private:
   // If the opt level is aggressive, add GVN; otherwise, add EarlyCSE. This
   // function is only called in opt mode.
   void addEarlyCSEOrGVNPass();
 
   // Add passes that propagate special memory spaces.
-  void addMemorySpaceInferencePasses();
+  void addAddressSpaceInferencePasses();
 
   // Add passes that perform straight-line scalar optimizations.
   void addStraightLineScalarOptimizationPasses();
 };
 } // end anonymous namespace
 
 TargetPassConfig *NVPTXTargetMachine::createPassConfig(PassManagerBase &PM) {
   return new NVPTXPassConfig(this, PM);
 }
 
 TargetIRAnalysis NVPTXTargetMachine::getTargetIRAnalysis() {
   return TargetIRAnalysis([this](const Function &F) {
     return TargetTransformInfo(NVPTXTTIImpl(this, F));
   });
 }
 
 void NVPTXPassConfig::addEarlyCSEOrGVNPass() {
   if (getOptLevel() == CodeGenOpt::Aggressive)
     addPass(createGVNPass());
   else
     addPass(createEarlyCSEPass());
 }
 
-void NVPTXPassConfig::addMemorySpaceInferencePasses() {
+void NVPTXPassConfig::addAddressSpaceInferencePasses() {
   addPass(createNVPTXLowerKernelArgsPass(&getNVPTXTargetMachine()));
   // NVPTXLowerKernelArgs emits alloca for byval parameters which can often
   // be eliminated by SROA.
   addPass(createSROAPass());
   addPass(createNVPTXLowerAllocaPass());
+  if (UseInferAddressSpaces) {
+    addPass(createNVPTXInferAddressSpacesPass());
+  } else {
     addPass(createNVPTXFavorNonGenericAddrSpacesPass());
     // FavorNonGenericAddrSpaces shortcuts unnecessary addrspacecasts, and leave
     // them unused. We could remove dead code in an ad-hoc manner, but that
     // requires manual work and might be error-prone.
     addPass(createDeadCodeEliminationPass());
   }
+}
 
 void NVPTXPassConfig::addStraightLineScalarOptimizationPasses() {
   addPass(createSeparateConstOffsetFromGEPPass());
   addPass(createSpeculativeExecutionPass());
   // ReassociateGEPs exposes more opportunites for SLSR. See
   // the example in reassociate-geps-and-slsr.ll.
   addPass(createStraightLineStrengthReducePass());
   // SeparateConstOffsetFromGEP and SLSR creates common expressions which GVN or
void NVPTXPassConfig::addIRPasses() {
 
   addPass(createNVVMReflectPass());
   if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None)
     addPass(createNVPTXImageOptimizerPass());
   addPass(createNVPTXAssignValidGlobalNamesPass());
   addPass(createGenericToNVVMPass());
 
   if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None) {
-    addMemorySpaceInferencePasses();
+    addAddressSpaceInferencePasses();
     addStraightLineScalarOptimizationPasses();
   }
 
   // === LSR and other generic IR passes ===
   TargetPassConfig::addIRPasses();
   // EarlyCSE is not always strong enough to clean up what LSR produces. For
   // example, GVN can combine
   //

test/CodeGen/NVPTX/access-non-generic.ll

 ; RUN: llc < %s -march=nvptx -mcpu=sm_20 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix PTX
 ; RUN: llc < %s -march=nvptx64 -mcpu=sm_20 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix PTX
+; RUN: llc < %s  -march=nvptx64 -mcpu=sm_20 -nvptx-use-infer-addrspace | FileCheck %s --check-prefix PTX
 ; RUN: opt < %s -S -nvptx-favor-non-generic -dce | FileCheck %s --check-prefix IR
+; RUN: opt < %s -S -nvptx-infer-addrspace | FileCheck %s --check-prefix IR --check-prefix IR-WITH-LOOP
 
 @array = internal addrspace(3) global [10 x float] zeroinitializer, align 4
 @scalar = internal addrspace(3) global float 0.000000e+00, align 4
+@generic_scalar = internal global float 0.000000e+00, align 4
+
+define float @ld_from_shared() {
+  %1 = addrspacecast float* @generic_scalar to float addrspace(3)*
+  %2 = load float, float addrspace(3)* %1
+  ret float %2
+}
 
 ; Verifies nvptx-favor-non-generic correctly optimizes generic address space
 ; usage to non-generic address space usage for the patterns we claim to handle:
 ; 1. load cast
 ; 2. store cast
 ; 3. load gep cast
 ; 4. store gep cast
 ; gep and cast can be an instruction or a constant expression. This function
 ; tries all possible combinations.
-define float @ld_st_shared_f32(i32 %i, float %v) {
+define void @ld_st_shared_f32(i32 %i, float %v) {
 ; IR-LABEL: @ld_st_shared_f32
 ; IR-NOT: addrspacecast
 ; PTX-LABEL: ld_st_shared_f32(
   ; load cast
   %1 = load float, float* addrspacecast (float addrspace(3)* @scalar to float*), align 4
+  call void @use(float %1)
 ; PTX: ld.shared.f32 %f{{[0-9]+}}, [scalar];
   ; store cast
   store float %v, float* addrspacecast (float addrspace(3)* @scalar to float*), align 4
 ; PTX: st.shared.f32 [scalar], %f{{[0-9]+}};
   ; use syncthreads to disable optimizations across components
   call void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads()
 ; PTX: bar.sync 0;
 
   ; cast; load
   %2 = addrspacecast float addrspace(3)* @scalar to float*
   %3 = load float, float* %2, align 4
+  call void @use(float %3)
 ; PTX: ld.shared.f32 %f{{[0-9]+}}, [scalar];
   ; cast; store
   store float %v, float* %2, align 4
 ; PTX: st.shared.f32 [scalar], %f{{[0-9]+}};
   call void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads()
 ; PTX: bar.sync 0;
 
   ; load gep cast
   %4 = load float, float* getelementptr inbounds ([10 x float], [10 x float]* addrspacecast ([10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to [10 x float]*), i32 0, i32 5), align 4
+  call void @use(float %4)
 ; PTX: ld.shared.f32 %f{{[0-9]+}}, [array+20];
   ; store gep cast
   store float %v, float* getelementptr inbounds ([10 x float], [10 x float]* addrspacecast ([10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to [10 x float]*), i32 0, i32 5), align 4
 ; PTX: st.shared.f32 [array+20], %f{{[0-9]+}};
   call void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads()
 ; PTX: bar.sync 0;
 
   ; gep cast; load
   %5 = getelementptr inbounds [10 x float], [10 x float]* addrspacecast ([10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to [10 x float]*), i32 0, i32 5
   %6 = load float, float* %5, align 4
+  call void @use(float %6)
 ; PTX: ld.shared.f32 %f{{[0-9]+}}, [array+20];
   ; gep cast; store
   store float %v, float* %5, align 4
 ; PTX: st.shared.f32 [array+20], %f{{[0-9]+}};
   call void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads()
 ; PTX: bar.sync 0;
 
   ; cast; gep; load
   %7 = addrspacecast [10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to [10 x float]*
   %8 = getelementptr inbounds [10 x float], [10 x float]* %7, i32 0, i32 %i
   %9 = load float, float* %8, align 4
+  call void @use(float %9)
 ; PTX: ld.shared.f32 %f{{[0-9]+}}, [%{{(r|rl|rd)[0-9]+}}];
   ; cast; gep; store
   store float %v, float* %8, align 4
 ; PTX: st.shared.f32 [%{{(r|rl|rd)[0-9]+}}], %f{{[0-9]+}};
   call void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads()
 ; PTX: bar.sync 0;
 
-  %sum2 = fadd float %1, %3
-  %sum3 = fadd float %sum2, %4
-  %sum4 = fadd float %sum3, %6
-  %sum5 = fadd float %sum4, %9
-  ret float %sum5
+  ret void
 }
 
 ; When hoisting an addrspacecast between different pointer types, replace the
 ; addrspacecast with a bitcast.
 define i32 @ld_int_from_float() {
 ; IR-LABEL: @ld_int_from_float
 ; IR: load i32, i32 addrspace(3)* bitcast (float addrspace(3)* @scalar to i32 addrspace(3)*)
 ; PTX-LABEL: ld_int_from_float(

 
 define void @rauw(float addrspace(1)* %input) {
   %generic_input = addrspacecast float addrspace(1)* %input to float*
   %addr = getelementptr float, float* %generic_input, i64 10
   %v = load float, float* %addr
   store float %v, float* %addr
   ret void
 ; IR-LABEL: @rauw(
-; IR-NEXT: %1 = getelementptr float, float addrspace(1)* %input, i64 10
-; IR-NEXT: %v = load float, float addrspace(1)* %1
-; IR-NEXT: store float %v, float addrspace(1)* %1
+; IR-NEXT: %addr = getelementptr float, float addrspace(1)* %input, i64 10
+; IR-NEXT: %v = load float, float addrspace(1)* %addr
+; IR-NEXT: store float %v, float addrspace(1)* %addr
 ; IR-NEXT: ret void
 }
 
+define void @loop() {
+; IR-WITH-LOOP-LABEL: @loop(
+entry:
+  %p = addrspacecast [10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to float*
+  %end = getelementptr float, float* %p, i64 10
+  br label %loop
+
+loop:
+  %i = phi float* [ %p, %entry ], [ %i2, %loop ]
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: phi float addrspace(3)* [ %p, %entry ], [ %i2, %loop ]
+  %v = load float, float* %i
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: %v = load float, float addrspace(3)* %i
+  call void @use(float %v)
+  %i2 = getelementptr float, float* %i, i64 1
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: %i2 = getelementptr float, float addrspace(3)* %i, i64 1
+  %exit_cond = icmp eq float* %i2, %end
+  br i1 %exit_cond, label %exit, label %loop
+
+exit:
+  ret void
+}
+
+@generic_end = external global float*
+
+define void @loop_with_generic_bound() {
+; IR-WITH-LOOP-LABEL: @loop_with_generic_bound(
+entry:
+  %p = addrspacecast [10 x float] addrspace(3)* @array to float*
+  %end = load float*, float** @generic_end
+  br label %loop
+
+loop:
+  %i = phi float* [ %p, %entry ], [ %i2, %loop ]
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: phi float addrspace(3)* [ %p, %entry ], [ %i2, %loop ]
+  %v = load float, float* %i
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: %v = load float, float addrspace(3)* %i
+  call void @use(float %v)
+  %i2 = getelementptr float, float* %i, i64 1
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: %i2 = getelementptr float, float addrspace(3)* %i, i64 1
+  %exit_cond = icmp eq float* %i2, %end
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: addrspacecast float addrspace(3)* %i2 to float*
+; IR-WITH-LOOP: icmp eq float* %{{[0-9]+}}, %end
+  br i1 %exit_cond, label %exit, label %loop
+
+exit:
+  ret void
+}
+
 declare void @llvm.cuda.syncthreads() #3
 
-attributes #3 = { noduplicate nounwind }
+declare void @use(float)
 
+attributes #3 = { noduplicate nounwind }