[flang] Clarify CheckReductionDIM()

[klausler]

Summary

This utility routine in constant folding should return false when
a DIM= actual argument to a reduction intrinsic function has a
value that prevents folding, and true when folding can proceed.
The implementation was returning true in cases where a DIM=
argument was present but not constant.

Clarify the code and add commentary: a true result means that
there is no DIM= actual argument present, or that a DIM= argument
exists, is constant, and has a value that is in range.

flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-reduction.h

 
 #ifndef FORTRAN_EVALUATE_FOLD_REDUCTION_H_
 #define FORTRAN_EVALUATE_FOLD_REDUCTION_H_
 
 #include "fold-implementation.h"
 
 namespace Fortran::evaluate {
 
-// Fold and validate a DIM= argument.  Returns false on error.
+// Fold and validate a DIM= argument.  Returns true (with &dim empty)
+// when DIM= is not present or (with &dim set) when DIM= is present, constant,
+// and valid.  Returns false, possibly with an error message, when
+// DIM= is present but either not constant or not valid.
 bool CheckReductionDIM(std::optional<int> &dim, FoldingContext &,
     ActualArguments &, std::optional<int> dimIndex, int rank);
 
 // Fold and validate a MASK= argument.  Return null on error, absent MASK=, or
 // non-constant MASK=.
 Constant<LogicalResult> *GetReductionMASK(
     std::optional<ActualArgument> &maskArg, const ConstantSubscripts &shape,
     FoldingContext &);

flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-reduction.cpp

 //===-- lib/Evaluate/fold-reduction.cpp -----------------------------------===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "fold-reduction.h"
 
 namespace Fortran::evaluate {
 bool CheckReductionDIM(std::optional<int> &dim, FoldingContext &context,
     ActualArguments &arg, std::optional<int> dimIndex, int rank) {
-  if (dimIndex && static_cast<std::size_t>(*dimIndex) < arg.size()) {
-    if (auto *dimConst{
-            Folder<SubscriptInteger>{context}.Folding(arg[*dimIndex])}) {
-      if (auto dimScalar{dimConst->GetScalarValue()}) {
-        auto dimVal{dimScalar->ToInt64()};
-        if (dimVal >= 1 && dimVal <= rank) {
-          dim = dimVal;
-        } else {
-          context.messages().Say(
-              "DIM=%jd is not valid for an array of rank %d"_err_en_US,
-              static_cast<std::intmax_t>(dimVal), rank);
-          return false;
-        }
+  if (!dimIndex || static_cast<std::size_t>(*dimIndex) >= arg.size() ||
+      !arg[*dimIndex]) {
+    dim.reset();
+    return true; // no DIM= argument
+  }
+        return true; // DIM= exists and is a valid constant
       }
     }
   }
-  return true;
+  return false; // DIM= bad or not scalar constant
 }
 
 Constant<LogicalResult> *GetReductionMASK(
     std::optional<ActualArgument> &maskArg, const ConstantSubscripts &shape,
     FoldingContext &context) {
   Constant<LogicalResult> *mask{
       Folder<LogicalResult>{context}.Folding(maskArg)};
   if (mask &&