Since we now have modules-enabled CI, it is now redundant to have ad-hoc
tests that check arbitrary things about our modules support. Instead,
the whole test suite should pass with modules enabled, period.
This patch also removes the module cache path workaround: one would
expect that modules work properly without that workaround. If that
isn't the case and we do run into flaky test failures, we can re-enable
the workaround temporarily (but that would be very vexing and we should
fix Clang ASAP if that's the case).
I'd feel better if the commit message explicitly pointed to an existing libcxx/test/ test that would verify this same behavior (namely, that I can use either int8_t or std::int8_t after including nothing but <cinttypes>). However, IMHO this is still fine to clean up, regardless.