Make top level modules for all the C standard library headers. Now that the stddef headers are modular, they can lose all of the `__has_feature(modules)` checks and declare their include guards.
`__stddef_null.h` needs a header guard for the case where it's in the `_Builtin_stddef` module, but unlike the other stdarg/stddef headers it needs to not have a guard when modules aren't being used to fulfill its redefinition obligation.
`__stddef_nullptr_t.h` needs to add a guard for C23 so that the `_Builtin_stddef` can compile in C17 and earlier modes. `_Builtin_stddef.nullptr_t` can't require C23 because it also needs to be usable from C++.