diff --git a/flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp b/flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp
--- a/flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp
@@ -3157,6 +3157,13 @@
 // A subprogram declared with SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION
 bool SubprogramVisitor::BeginSubprogram(
     const parser::Name &name, Symbol::Flag subpFlag, bool hasModulePrefix) {
+  if (hasModulePrefix && currScope().IsGlobal()) { // C1547
+    Say(name,
+        "'%s' is a MODULE procedure which must be declared within a "
+        "MODULE or SUBMODULE"_err_en_US);
+    return false;
+  }
+
   if (hasModulePrefix && !inInterfaceBlock() &&
       !IsSeparateModuleProcedureInterface(
           FindSymbol(currScope().parent(), name))) {
diff --git a/flang/test/Semantics/resolve36.f90 b/flang/test/Semantics/resolve36.f90
--- a/flang/test/Semantics/resolve36.f90
+++ b/flang/test/Semantics/resolve36.f90
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 ! C1568 The procedure-name shall have been declared to be a separate module
 ! procedure in the containing program unit or an ancestor of that program unit.
+! C1547 MODULE shall appear only in the function-stmt or subroutine-stmt of a
+! module subprogram or of a nonabstract interface body that is declared in the
+! scoping unit of a module or submodule.
 module m1
   interface
     module subroutine sub1(arg1)
@@ -89,3 +92,8 @@
   module procedure b
   end procedure
 end
+
+!ERROR: 'c1547' is a MODULE procedure which must be declared within a MODULE or SUBMODULE
+real module function c1547()
+  func = 0.0
+end function