diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h b/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h
@@ -462,11 +462,11 @@
   }
 
   void resize(size_type N, const T &NV) {
-    this->assertSafeToReferenceAfterResize(&NV, N);
     if (N < this->size()) {
       this->destroy_range(this->begin()+N, this->end());
       this->set_size(N);
     } else if (N > this->size()) {
+      this->assertSafeToReferenceAfterResize(&NV, N);
       if (this->capacity() < N)
         this->grow(N);
       std::uninitialized_fill(this->end(), this->begin()+N, NV);
diff --git a/llvm/unittests/ADT/SmallVectorTest.cpp b/llvm/unittests/ADT/SmallVectorTest.cpp
--- a/llvm/unittests/ADT/SmallVectorTest.cpp
+++ b/llvm/unittests/ADT/SmallVectorTest.cpp
@@ -1051,9 +1051,13 @@
 TYPED_TEST(SmallVectorReferenceInvalidationTest, Resize) {
   auto &V = this->V;
   (void)V;
+  int N = this->NumBuiltinElts(V);
 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  EXPECT_DEATH(V.resize(2, V.back()), this->AssertionMessage);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(V.resize(N + 1, V.back()), this->AssertionMessage);
 #endif
+
+  // No assertion when shrinking, since the parameter isn't accessed.
+  V.resize(N - 1, V.back());
 }
 
 TYPED_TEST(SmallVectorReferenceInvalidationTest, Append) {