diff --git a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalityPredicates.cpp b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalityPredicates.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalityPredicates.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalityPredicates.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,17 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+// Disable optimizations to work around MSVC debug mode bug in 32-bit:
+// https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/1179643/msvc-copies-overaligned-non-trivially-copyable-par.html
+// FIXME: Remove this when the issue is closed.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__) && defined(_M_IX86)
+// We have to disable runtime checks in order to enable optimizations. This is
+// done for the entire file because the problem is actually observed in STL
+// template functions.
+#pragma runtime_checks("", off)
+#pragma optimize("gs", on)
+#endif
+
 #include "llvm/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalizerInfo.h"
 
 using namespace llvm;
diff --git a/llvm/unittests/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalizerInfoTest.cpp b/llvm/unittests/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalizerInfoTest.cpp
--- a/llvm/unittests/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalizerInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/llvm/unittests/CodeGen/GlobalISel/LegalizerInfoTest.cpp
@@ -406,3 +406,13 @@
                                   32, 8, AtomicOrdering::NotAtomic }));
   }
 }
+
+// This code sequence doesn't do anything, but it covers a previously uncovered
+// codepath that used to crash in MSVC x86_32 debug mode.
+TEST(LegalizerInfoTest, MSVCDebugMiscompile) {
+  const LLT S1 = LLT::scalar(1);
+  const LLT P0 = LLT::pointer(0, 32);
+  LegalizerInfo LI;
+  auto Builder = LI.getActionDefinitionsBuilder(TargetOpcode::G_PTRTOINT);
+  (void)Builder.legalForCartesianProduct({S1}, {P0});
+}