diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/XRefs.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/XRefs.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/XRefs.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/XRefs.cpp
@@ -767,7 +767,12 @@
                        index::IndexDataConsumer::ASTNodeInfo ASTNode) override {
     assert(D->isCanonicalDecl() && "expect D to be a canonical declaration");
     const SourceManager &SM = AST.getSourceManager();
-    if (!CanonicalTargets.count(D) || !isInsideMainFile(Loc, SM))
+    // For references to template specializations, `D` will contain the
+    // template and `ASTNode.OrigD` the specialization. We want to find
+    // references to specializations, to check `ASTNode.OrigD` as well.
+    bool ReferencesCanonicalTarget =
+        CanonicalTargets.count(D) || CanonicalTargets.count(ASTNode.OrigD);
+    if (!ReferencesCanonicalTarget || !isInsideMainFile(Loc, SM))
       return true;
     const auto &TB = AST.getTokens();
     Loc = SM.getFileLoc(Loc);
@@ -1142,7 +1147,7 @@
 
     // We also show references to the targets of using-decls, so we include
     // DeclRelation::Underlying.
-    DeclRelationSet Relations = DeclRelation::TemplatePattern |
+    DeclRelationSet Relations = DeclRelation::TemplateInstantiation |
                                 DeclRelation::Alias | DeclRelation::Underlying;
     auto Decls = getDeclAtPosition(AST, *CurLoc, Relations);
 
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/XRefsTests.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/XRefsTests.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/XRefsTests.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/XRefsTests.cpp
@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@
 
       R"cpp(
        template <typename T>
-       class [[Foo]] {};
+       class Foo {};
        void func([[Fo^o]]<int>);
       )cpp",
       R"cpp(// Not touching any identifiers.
@@ -1582,6 +1582,13 @@
           f.[[^~]]Foo();
         }
       )cpp",
+      R"cpp(// Temlate specialization
+        template <typename> class Vector {};
+        using [[^X]] = [[Vector]]<int>;
+        [[X]] x1;
+        [[Vector]]<int> x2;
+        Vector<double> y;
+      )cpp",
   };
   for (const char *Test : Tests) {
     Annotations T(Test);