diff --git a/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModule.i b/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModule.i
--- a/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModule.i
+++ b/lldb/bindings/interface/SBModule.i
@@ -344,6 +344,15 @@
     lldb::SBAddress
     GetObjectFileEntryPointAddress() const;
 
+    %feature("docstring", "
+    Returns the number of modules in the module cache. This is an
+    implementation detail exposed for testing and should not be relied upon.
+
+    @return
+        The number of modules in the module cache.") GetNumberAllocatedModules;
+    static uint32_t
+    GetNumberAllocatedModules();
+
     STRING_EXTENSION(SBModule)
 
 #ifdef SWIGPYTHON
diff --git a/lldb/include/lldb/API/SBModule.h b/lldb/include/lldb/API/SBModule.h
--- a/lldb/include/lldb/API/SBModule.h
+++ b/lldb/include/lldb/API/SBModule.h
@@ -288,6 +288,9 @@
   lldb::SBAddress GetObjectFileHeaderAddress() const;
   lldb::SBAddress GetObjectFileEntryPointAddress() const;
 
+  /// Get the number of global modules.
+  static uint32_t GetNumberAllocatedModules();
+
 private:
   friend class SBAddress;
   friend class SBFrame;
diff --git a/lldb/packages/Python/lldbsuite/test/lldbtest.py b/lldb/packages/Python/lldbsuite/test/lldbtest.py
--- a/lldb/packages/Python/lldbsuite/test/lldbtest.py
+++ b/lldb/packages/Python/lldbsuite/test/lldbtest.py
@@ -2018,10 +2018,18 @@
                 process = target.GetProcess()
                 if process:
                     rc = self.invoke(process, "Kill")
-                    self.assertTrue(rc.Success(), PROCESS_KILLED)
+                    assert rc.Success()
         for target in targets:
             self.dbg.DeleteTarget(target)
 
+        # Modules are not orphaned during reproducer replay because they're
+        # leaked on purpose.
+        if not configuration.is_reproducer():
+            # Assert that all targets are deleted.
+            assert self.dbg.GetNumTargets() == 0
+            # Assert that the global module cache is empty.
+            assert lldb.SBModule.GetNumberAllocatedModules() == 0
+
         # Do this last, to make sure it's in reverse order from how we setup.
         Base.tearDown(self)
 
diff --git a/lldb/source/API/SBModule.cpp b/lldb/source/API/SBModule.cpp
--- a/lldb/source/API/SBModule.cpp
+++ b/lldb/source/API/SBModule.cpp
@@ -683,6 +683,13 @@
   return LLDB_RECORD_RESULT(sb_addr);
 }
 
+uint32_t SBModule::GetNumberAllocatedModules() {
+  LLDB_RECORD_STATIC_METHOD_NO_ARGS(uint32_t, SBModule,
+                                    GetNumberAllocatedModules);
+
+  return Module::GetNumberAllocatedModules();
+}
+
 namespace lldb_private {
 namespace repro {
 
@@ -757,6 +764,8 @@
                              GetObjectFileHeaderAddress, ());
   LLDB_REGISTER_METHOD_CONST(lldb::SBAddress, SBModule,
                              GetObjectFileEntryPointAddress, ());
+  LLDB_REGISTER_STATIC_METHOD(uint32_t, SBModule, GetNumberAllocatedModules,
+                              ());
 }
 
 }