Index: llvm/include/llvm/Support/FileCheck.h
===================================================================
--- llvm/include/llvm/Support/FileCheck.h
+++ llvm/include/llvm/Support/FileCheck.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
   bool AllowEmptyInput = false;
   bool MatchFullLines = false;
   bool IgnoreCase = false;
+  bool IsDefaultCheckPrefix = false;
   bool EnableVarScope = false;
   bool AllowDeprecatedDagOverlap = false;
   bool Verbose = false;
Index: llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
@@ -1274,6 +1274,7 @@
   // found.
   unsigned LineNumber = 1;
 
+  bool FoundUsedPrefix = false;
   while (1) {
     Check::FileCheckType CheckTy;
 
@@ -1284,6 +1285,8 @@
         FindFirstMatchingPrefix(PrefixRE, Buffer, LineNumber, CheckTy);
     if (UsedPrefix.empty())
       break;
+    FoundUsedPrefix = true;
+
     assert(UsedPrefix.data() == Buffer.data() &&
            "Failed to move Buffer's start forward, or pointed prefix outside "
            "of the buffer!");
@@ -1367,9 +1370,11 @@
     DagNotMatches = ImplicitNegativeChecks;
   }
 
-  // Add an EOF pattern for any trailing CHECK-DAG/-NOTs, and use the first
-  // prefix as a filler for the error message.
-  if (!DagNotMatches.empty()) {
+  // Add an EOF pattern for any trailing -implicit-check-not/CHECK-DAG/-NOTs,
+  // and use the first prefix as a filler for the error message.
+  // We do not allow using -implicit-check-not when an explicitly specified
+  // check prefix is not present in the input buffer.
+  if ((Req.IsDefaultCheckPrefix || FoundUsedPrefix) && !DagNotMatches.empty()) {
     CheckStrings->emplace_back(
         Pattern(Check::CheckEOF, PatternContext.get(), LineNumber + 1),
         *Req.CheckPrefixes.begin(), SMLoc::getFromPointer(Buffer.data()));
@@ -1857,8 +1862,10 @@
 Regex FileCheck::buildCheckPrefixRegex() {
   // I don't think there's a way to specify an initial value for cl::list,
   // so if nothing was specified, add the default
-  if (Req.CheckPrefixes.empty())
+  if (Req.CheckPrefixes.empty()) {
     Req.CheckPrefixes.push_back("CHECK");
+    Req.IsDefaultCheckPrefix = true;
+  }
 
   // We already validated the contents of CheckPrefixes so just concatenate
   // them as alternatives.
Index: llvm/test/FileCheck/implicit-check-not.txt
===================================================================
--- llvm/test/FileCheck/implicit-check-not.txt
+++ llvm/test/FileCheck/implicit-check-not.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
 ; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-PASS -implicit-check-not=warning: %s
+
+; Check we report an error when an unknown prefix is used together with `-implicit-check-not`.
+; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | %ProtectFileCheckOutput not FileCheck -check-prefix=UNKNOWN-PREFIX -implicit-check-not=abc %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s -DPREFIX=UNKNOWN-PREFIX -check-prefix CHECK-PREFIX-ERROR
+; CHECK-PREFIX-ERROR: error: no check strings found with prefix '[[PREFIX]]:'
+
+; Check we report an error when the default "CHECK" prefix is used together with `-implicit-check-not`, but not present in the input.
+; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | %ProtectFileCheckOutput not FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK -implicit-check-not=abc %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s -DPREFIX=CHECK -check-prefix CHECK-PREFIX-ERROR
+
+; Check we allow using `-implicit-check-not` when there is no `-check-prefix` specified and there
+; is no default `CHECK` line in an input. Use an arbitrary random unique string as an
+; argument for `-implicit-check-not`.
+; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | FileCheck -implicit-check-not="c9e72085-aade-469a-9ad7-c206e1cfe7a9" %s
+
 ; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | %ProtectFileCheckOutput not FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-FAIL1 -implicit-check-not=warning: %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s -check-prefix CHECK-ERROR1
 ; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | %ProtectFileCheckOutput not FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-FAIL2 -implicit-check-not=warning: %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s -check-prefix CHECK-ERROR2
 ; RUN: sed 's#^;.*##' %s | %ProtectFileCheckOutput not FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-FAIL3 -implicit-check-not=warning: %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s -check-prefix CHECK-ERROR3
Index: llvm/test/tools/llvm-objcopy/MachO/strip-debug.test
===================================================================
--- llvm/test/tools/llvm-objcopy/MachO/strip-debug.test
+++ llvm/test/tools/llvm-objcopy/MachO/strip-debug.test
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # RUN: yaml2obj %p/Inputs/strip-all-with-dwarf.yaml -o %t
 
 # RUN: llvm-objcopy --strip-debug %t %t.stripped
-# RUN: llvm-readobj --sections %t.stripped | FileCheck /dev/null --check-prefix=NODWARF \
+# RUN: llvm-readobj --sections %t.stripped | FileCheck /dev/null \
 # RUN:   --implicit-check-not='Name: __debug' --implicit-check-not='Name: __apple'
 
 ## Make sure that all symbols are kept.