Index: llvm/lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstructionCombining.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstructionCombining.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstructionCombining.cpp
@@ -895,6 +895,27 @@
           I->getName() + ".neg", cast<BinaryOperator>(I)->isExact());
     return nullptr;
 
+  // Negation is equivalent to bitwise-not + 1.
+  case Instruction::Xor: {
+    // Special case for negate of 'not' - replace with increment:
+    // 0 - (~A)  =>  ((A ^ -1) ^ -1) + 1  =>  A + 1
+    Value *A;
+    if (match(I, m_Not(m_Value(A))))
+      return Builder.CreateAdd(A, ConstantInt::get(A->getType(), 1),
+                               I->getName() + ".neg");
+
+    // General case xor (not a 'not') requires creating a new xor, so this has a
+    // one-use limitation:
+    // 0 - (A ^ C)  =>  ((A ^ C) ^ -1) + 1  =>  A ^ ~C + 1
+    Constant *C;
+    if (match(I, m_OneUse(m_Xor(m_Value(A), m_Constant(C))))) {
+      Value *Xor = Builder.CreateXor(A, ConstantExpr::getNot(C));
+      return Builder.CreateAdd(Xor, ConstantInt::get(Xor->getType(), 1),
+                               I->getName() + ".neg");
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   default:
     break;
   }
@@ -910,18 +931,6 @@
     return Builder.CreateSub(
         I->getOperand(1), I->getOperand(0), I->getName() + ".neg");
 
-  // Negation is equivalent to bitwise-not + 1:
-  // 0 - (A ^ C)  =>  ((A ^ C) ^ -1) + 1  =>  A ^ ~C + 1
-  case Instruction::Xor: {
-    Constant *C;
-    if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_Constant(C))) {
-      Value *Xor = Builder.CreateXor(I->getOperand(0), ConstantExpr::getNot(C));
-      return Builder.CreateAdd(Xor, ConstantInt::get(Xor->getType(), 1),
-                               I->getName() + ".neg");
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
   // 0-(A sdiv C)  =>  A sdiv (0-C)  provided the negation doesn't overflow.
   case Instruction::SDiv: {
     Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(I->getOperand(1));
Index: llvm/test/Transforms/InstCombine/sub-of-negatible.ll
===================================================================
--- llvm/test/Transforms/InstCombine/sub-of-negatible.ll
+++ llvm/test/Transforms/InstCombine/sub-of-negatible.ll
@@ -429,9 +429,9 @@
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @negate_shl_not_uses(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[O:%.*]] = xor i8 [[X:%.*]], -1
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use8(i8 [[O]])
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[S:%.*]] = shl i8 [[O]], [[Y:%.*]]
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[R:%.*]] = sub i8 0, [[S]]
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8 [[R]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[O_NEG:%.*]] = add i8 [[X]], 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[S_NEG:%.*]] = shl i8 [[O_NEG]], [[Y:%.*]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8 [[S_NEG]]
 ;
   %o = xor i8 %x, -1
   call void @use8(i8 %o)
@@ -444,9 +444,9 @@
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @negate_mul_not_uses_vec(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[O:%.*]] = xor <2 x i4> [[X:%.*]], <i4 -1, i4 -1>
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use_v2i4(<2 x i4> [[O]])
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[S:%.*]] = mul <2 x i4> [[O]], [[Y:%.*]]
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[R:%.*]] = sub <2 x i4> zeroinitializer, [[S]]
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret <2 x i4> [[R]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[O_NEG:%.*]] = add <2 x i4> [[X]], <i4 1, i4 1>
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[S_NEG:%.*]] = mul <2 x i4> [[O_NEG]], [[Y:%.*]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret <2 x i4> [[S_NEG]]
 ;
   %o = xor <2 x i4> %x, <i4 -1, i4 -1>
   call void @use_v2i4(<2 x i4> %o)