diff --git a/mlir/test/mlir-tblgen/op-result.td b/mlir/test/mlir-tblgen/op-result.td
--- a/mlir/test/mlir-tblgen/op-result.td
+++ b/mlir/test/mlir-tblgen/op-result.td
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT:   odsState.addTypes(resultType1)
 // CHECK-NEXT:   odsState.addTypes(z)
 
+// CHECK:      void OpC::build(Builder *odsBuilder, OperationState &odsState, ArrayRef<Type> resultTypes) {
+// CHECK-NEXT:   assert(resultTypes.size() == 3u && "mismatched number of results");
+// CHECK-NEXT:   odsState.addTypes(resultTypes);
+
 def IntegerTypeAttr : TypeAttrBase<"IntegerType", "Integer type attribute">;
 def OpD : NS_Op<"type_attr_as_result_type", [FirstAttrDerivedResultType]> {
   let arguments = (ins I32:$x, IntegerTypeAttr:$attr, F32Attr:$f32);
diff --git a/mlir/tools/mlir-tblgen/OpDefinitionsGen.cpp b/mlir/tools/mlir-tblgen/OpDefinitionsGen.cpp
--- a/mlir/tools/mlir-tblgen/OpDefinitionsGen.cpp
+++ b/mlir/tools/mlir-tblgen/OpDefinitionsGen.cpp
@@ -702,6 +702,11 @@
       }
       return;
     case TypeParamKind::Collective:
+      body << "  "
+           << "assert(resultTypes.size() "
+           << (op.getNumVariadicResults() == 0 ? "==" : ">=") << " "
+           << (op.getNumResults() - op.getNumVariadicResults())
+           << "u && \"mismatched number of results\");\n";
       body << "  " << builderOpState << ".addTypes(resultTypes);\n";
       return;
     };