diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.h b/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.h
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.h
@@ -312,6 +312,12 @@
   // Returns true if the NoNaN attribute is set on the function.
   bool hasFunNoNaNAttr() const { return HasFunNoNaNAttr; }
 
+  /// Returns all assume calls in predicated blocks. They need to be dropped
+  /// when flattening the CFG.
+  const SmallPtrSetImpl<Instruction *> &getConditionalAssumes() const {
+    return ConditionalAssumes;
+  }
+
 private:
   /// Return true if the pre-header, exiting and latch blocks of \p Lp and all
   /// its nested loops are considered legal for vectorization. These legal
@@ -468,6 +474,10 @@
   /// While vectorizing these instructions we have to generate a
   /// call to the appropriate masked intrinsic
   SmallPtrSet<const Instruction *, 8> MaskedOp;
+
+  /// Assume instructions in predicated blocks must be dropped if the CFG gets
+  /// flattened.
+  SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 8> ConditionalAssumes;
 };
 
 } // namespace llvm
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
@@ -13,14 +13,16 @@
 // pass. It should be easy to create an analysis pass around it if there
 // is a need (but D45420 needs to happen first).
 //
-#include "llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/Loads.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/VectorUtils.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.h"
 
 using namespace llvm;
+using namespace PatternMatch;
 
 #define LV_NAME "loop-vectorize"
 #define DEBUG_TYPE LV_NAME
@@ -897,6 +899,14 @@
         if (C->canTrap())
           return false;
     }
+
+    // We can predicate blocks with calls to assume, as long as we drop them in
+    // case we flatten the CFG via predication.
+    if (match(&I, m_Intrinsic<Intrinsic::assume>())) {
+      ConditionalAssumes.insert(&I);
+      continue;
+    }
+
     // We might be able to hoist the load.
     if (I.mayReadFromMemory()) {
       auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(&I);
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorize.cpp
@@ -7176,6 +7176,13 @@
   // visit each basic block after having visited its predecessor basic blocks.
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+  // Add assume instructions we need to drop to DeadInstructions, to prevent
+  // them from being added to the VPlan.
+  // TODO: We only need to drop assumes in blocks that get flattend. If the
+  // control flow is preserved, we should keep them.
+  auto &ConditionalAssumes = Legal->getConditionalAssumes();
+  DeadInstructions.insert(ConditionalAssumes.begin(), ConditionalAssumes.end());
+
   // Create a dummy pre-entry VPBasicBlock to start building the VPlan.
   VPBasicBlock *VPBB = new VPBasicBlock("Pre-Entry");
   auto Plan = std::make_unique<VPlan>(VPBB);
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/assume.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/assume.ll
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/assume.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/assume.ll
@@ -91,3 +91,51 @@
 for.end:                                          ; preds = %for.body
   ret void
 }
+
+; Test case for PR43620. Make sure we can vectorize with predication in presence
+; of assume calls. For now, check that we drop all assumes in predicated blocks
+; in the vector body.
+define void @predicated_assume(float* noalias nocapture readonly %a, float* noalias nocapture %b, i32 %n) {
+
+; Check that the vector.body does not contain any assumes.
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: @predicated_assume(
+; CHECK:     vector.body:
+; CHECK-NOT:   call void @llvm.assume(
+; CHECK:     scalar.ph:
+;
+entry:
+  %cmp15 = icmp eq i32 %n, 0
+  br i1 %cmp15, label %for.cond.cleanup, label %for.body.preheader
+
+for.body.preheader:                               ; preds = %entry
+  %0 = zext i32 %n to i64
+  br label %for.body
+
+for.cond.cleanup.loopexit:                        ; preds = %if.end5
+  br label %for.cond.cleanup
+
+for.cond.cleanup:                                 ; preds = %for.cond.cleanup.loopexit, %entry
+  ret void
+
+for.body:                                         ; preds = %for.body.preheader, %if.end5
+  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ 0, %for.body.preheader ], [ %indvars.iv.next, %if.end5 ]
+  %cmp1 = icmp ult i64 %indvars.iv, 495616
+  br i1 %cmp1, label %if.end5, label %if.else
+
+if.else:                                          ; preds = %for.body
+  %cmp2 = icmp ult i64 %indvars.iv, 991232
+  tail call void @llvm.assume(i1 %cmp2)
+  br label %if.end5
+
+if.end5:                                          ; preds = %for.body, %if.else
+  %x.0 = phi float [ 4.200000e+01, %if.else ], [ 2.300000e+01, %for.body ]
+  %arrayidx = getelementptr inbounds float, float* %a, i64 %indvars.iv
+  %1 = load float, float* %arrayidx, align 4
+  %mul = fmul float %x.0, %1
+  %arrayidx7 = getelementptr inbounds float, float* %b, i64 %indvars.iv
+  store float %mul, float* %arrayidx7, align 4
+  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
+  %cmp = icmp eq i64 %indvars.iv.next, %0
+  br i1 %cmp, label %for.cond.cleanup.loopexit, label %for.body
+}