diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Vectorize/LoopVectorizationLegality.cpp
@@ -409,7 +409,8 @@
   const ValueToValueMap &Strides =
       getSymbolicStrides() ? *getSymbolicStrides() : ValueToValueMap();
 
-  int Stride = getPtrStride(PSE, Ptr, TheLoop, Strides, true, false);
+  bool CanAddPredicate = !TheLoop->getHeader()->getParent()->hasOptSize();
+  int Stride = getPtrStride(PSE, Ptr, TheLoop, Strides, CanAddPredicate, false);
   if (Stride == 1 || Stride == -1)
     return Stride;
   return 0;
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/optsize.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/optsize.ll
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/optsize.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/LoopVectorize/optsize.ll
@@ -84,6 +84,43 @@
   ret i32 0
 }
 
+; PR43371: don't run into an assert due to emitting SCEV runtime checks
+; with OptForSize.
+;
+@cm_array = external global [2592 x i16], align 1
+
+define void @pr43371() optsize {
+;
+; CHECK-LABEL: @pr43371
+; CHECK-NOT:   vector.scevcheck
+;
+; We do not want to generate SCEV predicates when optimising for size, because
+; that will lead to extra code generation such as the SCEV overflow runtime
+; checks. Not generating SCEV predicates can still result in vectorisation as
+; the non-consecutive loads/stores can be scalarized:
+;
+; CHECK: vector.body:
+; CHECK: store i16 0, i16* %{{.*}}, align 1
+; CHECK: store i16 0, i16* %{{.*}}, align 1
+; CHECK: br i1 {{.*}}, label %vector.body
+;
+entry:
+  br label %for.body29
+
+for.cond.cleanup28:
+  unreachable
+
+for.body29:
+  %i24.0170 = phi i16 [ 0, %entry], [ %inc37, %for.body29]
+  %add33 = add i16 undef, %i24.0170
+  %idxprom34 = zext i16 %add33 to i32
+  %arrayidx35 = getelementptr [2592 x i16], [2592 x i16] * @cm_array, i32 0, i32 %idxprom34
+  store i16 0, i16 * %arrayidx35, align 1
+  %inc37 = add i16 %i24.0170, 1
+  %cmp26 = icmp ult i16 %inc37, 756
+  br i1 %cmp26, label %for.body29, label %for.cond.cleanup28
+}
+
 !llvm.module.flags = !{!0}
 !0 = !{i32 1, !"ProfileSummary", !1}
 !1 = !{!2, !3, !4, !5, !6, !7, !8, !9}