Index: clang/lib/Format/TokenAnnotator.cpp
===================================================================
--- clang/lib/Format/TokenAnnotator.cpp
+++ clang/lib/Format/TokenAnnotator.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
   AnnotatingParser(const FormatStyle &Style, AnnotatedLine &Line,
                    const AdditionalKeywords &Keywords)
       : Style(Style), Line(Line), CurrentToken(Line.First), AutoFound(false),
-        Keywords(Keywords) {
+        TrailingReturnFound(false), ParenthesisDepth(0), Keywords(Keywords) {
     Contexts.push_back(Context(tok::unknown, 1, /*IsExpression=*/false));
     resetTokenMetadata(CurrentToken);
   }
@@ -1367,6 +1367,12 @@
       }
     }
 
+    if (Current.is(tok::l_paren)) {
+      ParenthesisDepth++;
+    } else if (Current.is(tok::r_paren)) {
+      ParenthesisDepth--;
+    }
+
     // Line.MightBeFunctionDecl can only be true after the parentheses of a
     // function declaration have been found. In this case, 'Current' is a
     // trailing token of this declaration and thus cannot be a name.
@@ -1389,7 +1395,11 @@
     } else if (Current.is(tok::arrow) && AutoFound && Line.MustBeDeclaration &&
                Current.NestingLevel == 0) {
       Current.Type = TT_TrailingReturnArrow;
-    } else if (Current.isOneOf(tok::star, tok::amp, tok::ampamp)) {
+      TrailingReturnFound = true;
+    } else if (Current.is(tok::star) ||
+               (Current.isOneOf(tok::amp, tok::ampamp) &&
+                (ParenthesisDepth != 0 || !Line.MightBeFunctionDecl ||
+                 TrailingReturnFound))) {
       Current.Type = determineStarAmpUsage(Current,
                                            Contexts.back().CanBeExpression &&
                                                Contexts.back().IsExpression,
@@ -1412,6 +1422,8 @@
         Current.Type = TT_ConditionalExpr;
       }
     } else if (Current.isBinaryOperator() &&
+               !(Line.MightBeFunctionDecl && ParenthesisDepth == 0 &&
+                 Current.isOneOf(tok::amp, tok::ampamp)) &&
                (!Current.Previous || Current.Previous->isNot(tok::l_square)) &&
                (!Current.is(tok::greater) &&
                 Style.Language != FormatStyle::LK_TextProto)) {
@@ -1486,10 +1498,12 @@
       // colon after this, this is the only place which annotates the identifier
       // as a selector.)
       Current.Type = TT_SelectorName;
-    } else if (Current.isOneOf(tok::identifier, tok::kw_const) &&
+    } else if (Current.isOneOf(tok::identifier, tok::kw_const, tok::amp,
+                               tok::ampamp) &&
                Current.Previous &&
                !Current.Previous->isOneOf(tok::equal, tok::at) &&
-               Line.MightBeFunctionDecl && Contexts.size() == 1) {
+               Line.MightBeFunctionDecl && !TrailingReturnFound &&
+               Contexts.size() == 1 && ParenthesisDepth == 0) {
       // Line.MightBeFunctionDecl can only be true after the parentheses of a
       // function declaration have been found.
       Current.Type = TT_TrailingAnnotation;
@@ -1767,6 +1781,8 @@
   AnnotatedLine &Line;
   FormatToken *CurrentToken;
   bool AutoFound;
+  bool TrailingReturnFound;
+  int ParenthesisDepth;
   const AdditionalKeywords &Keywords;
 
   // Set of "<" tokens that do not open a template parameter list. If parseAngle
@@ -2680,6 +2696,11 @@
       Right.MatchingParen->endsSequence(TT_DictLiteral, tok::at))
     // Objective-C dictionary literal -> no space before closing brace.
     return false;
+  if (Right.Type == TT_TrailingAnnotation &&
+      Right.isOneOf(tok::amp, tok::ampamp) &&
+      Left.isOneOf(tok::kw_const, tok::kw_volatile) &&
+      (!Right.Next || Right.Next->is(tok::semi)))
+    return Style.PointerAlignment != FormatStyle::PAS_Left;
   return true;
 }
 
Index: clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
===================================================================
--- clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
+++ clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
@@ -14373,6 +14373,41 @@
   verifyFormat("auto lambda = [&a = a]() { a = 2; };", AlignStyle);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FormatTest, RefQualifiedTemplateMember) {
+  FormatStyle AlignStyle = getLLVMStyle();
+  AlignStyle.AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations = FormatStyle::BTDS_Yes;
+
+  verifyFormat("struct f {\n"
+               "  template <class T>\n"
+               "  int &foo() & noexcept {}\n"
+               "};",
+               AlignStyle);
+
+  verifyFormat("struct f {\n"
+               "  template <class T>\n"
+               "  int &foo() && noexcept {}\n"
+               "};",
+               AlignStyle);
+
+  verifyFormat("struct f {\n"
+               "  template <class T>\n"
+               "  int &foo() const & noexcept {}\n"
+               "};",
+               AlignStyle);
+
+  verifyFormat("struct f {\n"
+               "  template <class T>\n"
+               "  int &foo() const & noexcept {}\n"
+               "};",
+               AlignStyle);
+
+  verifyFormat("struct f {\n"
+               "  template <class T>\n"
+               "  auto foo() && noexcept -> int & {}\n"
+               "};",
+               AlignStyle);
+}
+
 } // end namespace
 } // end namespace format
 } // end namespace clang