diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/AndroidTidyModule.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/AndroidTidyModule.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/AndroidTidyModule.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/AndroidTidyModule.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "CloexecPipe2Check.h"
 #include "CloexecSocketCheck.h"
 #include "ComparisonInTempFailureRetryCheck.h"
+#include "PosixReturnCheck.h"
 
 using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
 
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<CloexecSocketCheck>("android-cloexec-socket");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<ComparisonInTempFailureRetryCheck>(
         "android-comparison-in-temp-failure-retry");
+    CheckFactories.registerCheck<PosixReturnCheck>(
+        "android-posix-return");
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/CMakeLists.txt b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
   CloexecPipe2Check.cpp
   CloexecSocketCheck.cpp
   ComparisonInTempFailureRetryCheck.cpp
+  PosixReturnCheck.cpp
 
   LINK_LIBS
   clangAST
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.h b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.h
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//===--- PosixReturnCheck.h - clang-tidy-------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_ANDROID_POSIX_RETURN_CHECK_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_ANDROID_POSIX_RETURN_CHECK_H
+
+#include "../ClangTidyCheck.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace android {
+
+class PosixReturnCheck: public ClangTidyCheck {
+public:
+  PosixReturnCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
+      : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context) {}
+  void registerMatchers(ast_matchers::MatchFinder *Finder) override;
+  void check(const ast_matchers::MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_ANDROID_POSIX_RETURN_CHECK_H
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.cpp
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/android/PosixReturnCheck.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//===--- PosixReturnCheck.cpp - clang-tidy---------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "../utils/Matchers.h"
+#include "PosixReturnCheck.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
+
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace android {
+
+void PosixReturnCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      binaryOperator(
+          hasOperatorName("<"),
+          hasLHS(callExpr(callee(functionDecl(matchesName("^::posix_"), unless(hasName("posix_openpt")))))),
+          hasRHS(integerLiteral(equals(0)))).bind("binop"),
+      this);
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      binaryOperator(
+          hasOperatorName("=="),
+          hasLHS(callExpr(callee(functionDecl(matchesName("^::posix_"), unless(hasName("posix_openpt")))))),
+          hasRHS(unaryOperator(hasOperatorName("-"), hasUnaryOperand(integerLiteral())))).bind("binop"),
+      this);
+}
+
+void PosixReturnCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
+  const auto *BinOp = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<BinaryOperator>("binop");
+  diag(BinOp->getOperatorLoc(), "posix functions (except posix_openpt) never return negative values");
+}
+
+} // namespace android
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst b/clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
--- a/clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
@@ -111,6 +111,12 @@
 
   This checks ensures that ``pipe2()`` is called with the O_CLOEXEC flag.
 
+- New :doc:`android-posix-return
+  <clang-tidy/checks/android-posix-return>` check.
+
+  Checks if any calls to POSIX functions (except ``posix_openpt``) expect negative
+  return values
+
 - New :doc:`bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment
   <clang-tidy/checks/bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment>` check.
 
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/docs/clang-tidy/checks/android-posix-return.rst b/clang-tools-extra/docs/clang-tidy/checks/android-posix-return.rst
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/docs/clang-tidy/checks/android-posix-return.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. title:: clang-tidy - android-posix-return
+
+android-posix-return
+====================
+
+Checks if any calls to POSIX functions (except ``posix_openpt``) expect negative
+return values. These functions return either ``0`` on success or an ``errno`` on failure,
+which is positive only.
+
+Example buggy usage looks like:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  if (posix_fadvise(...) < 0) {
+
+This will never happen as the return value is always non-negative. A simple fix could be:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  int ret = posix_fadvise(...);
+  if (ret != 0) ...
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/test/clang-tidy/android-posix-return.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/test/clang-tidy/android-posix-return.cpp
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/test/clang-tidy/android-posix-return.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// RUN: %check_clang_tidy %s android-posix-return %t
+
+#define NULL nullptr
+#define ZERO 0
+#define NEGATIVE_ONE -1
+
+typedef long off_t;
+typedef int size_t;
+typedef int pid_t;
+typedef struct __posix_spawn_file_actions* posix_spawn_file_actions_t;
+typedef struct __posix_spawnattr* posix_spawnattr_t;
+
+extern "C" int posix_fadvise(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len, int advice);
+extern "C" int posix_fallocate(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len);
+extern "C" int posix_madvise(void *addr, size_t len, int advice);
+extern "C" int posix_memalign(void **memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size);
+extern "C" int posix_openpt(int flags);
+extern "C" int posix_spawn(pid_t *pid, const char *path,
+                const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
+                const posix_spawnattr_t *attrp,
+                char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
+extern "C" int posix_spawnp(pid_t *pid, const char *file,
+                 const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
+                 const posix_spawnattr_t *attrp,
+                 char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
+
+void warningLtZero() {
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+  if (posix_fallocate(0, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:32: warning:
+  if (posix_madvise(NULL, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+  if (posix_memalign(NULL, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:34: warning:
+  if (posix_spawn(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, {NULL}, {NULL}) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:59: warning:
+  if (posix_spawnp(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, {NULL}, {NULL}) < 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:60: warning:
+}
+
+void warningEqualsNegative() {
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+  if (posix_fallocate(0, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:32: warning:
+  if (posix_madvise(NULL, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+  if (posix_memalign(NULL, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:34: warning:
+  if (posix_spawn(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, {NULL}, {NULL}) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:59: warning:
+  if (posix_spawnp(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, {NULL}, {NULL}) == -1) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:60: warning:
+}
+
+void WarningWithMacro() {
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) < ZERO) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) == NEGATIVE_ONE) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:33: warning:
+}
+
+void noWarning() {
+  if (posix_openpt(0) < 0) {}
+  if (posix_openpt(0) == -1) {}
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) >= 0) {}
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) == 1) {}
+}
+
+namespace i {
+int posix_fadvise(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len, int advice);
+
+void noWarning() {
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+  if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+}
+
+} // namespace i
+
+class G {
+ public:
+  int posix_fadvise(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len, int advice);
+
+  void noWarning() {
+    if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {}
+    if (posix_fadvise(0, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {}
+  }
+};