diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/DeadStoreElimination.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/DeadStoreElimination.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/DeadStoreElimination.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/DeadStoreElimination.cpp
@@ -1207,16 +1207,25 @@
           MadeChange |= tryToShorten(DepWrite, DepWriteOffset, EarlierSize,
                                     InstWriteOffset, LaterSize, IsOverwriteEnd);
         } else if (EnablePartialStoreMerging &&
-                   OR == OW_PartialEarlierWithFullLater) {
+                   OR == OW_PartialEarlierWithFullLater &&
+                   isa<StoreInst>(DepWrite) &&
+                   isa<StoreInst>(Inst)) {
           auto *Earlier = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(DepWrite);
           auto *Later = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst);
+          auto *EarlierVT = Earlier->getValueOperand()->getType();
+          auto *LaterVT = Later->getValueOperand()->getType();
           if (Earlier && isa<ConstantInt>(Earlier->getValueOperand()) &&
+              (DL.getTypeStoreSizeInBits(EarlierVT) ==
+               DL.getTypeSizeInBits(EarlierVT)) &&
               Later && isa<ConstantInt>(Later->getValueOperand()) &&
+              (DL.getTypeStoreSizeInBits(LaterVT) ==
+               DL.getTypeSizeInBits(LaterVT)) &&
               memoryIsNotModifiedBetween(Earlier, Later, AA)) {
             // If the store we find is:
             //   a) partially overwritten by the store to 'Loc'
             //   b) the later store is fully contained in the earlier one and
             //   c) they both have a constant value
+            //   d) no padding is needed for either of the stores
             // Merge the two stores, replacing the earlier store's value with a
             // merge of both values.
             // TODO: Deal with other constant types (vectors, etc), and probably
@@ -1248,7 +1257,7 @@
                               << "\n  Merged Value: " << Merged << '\n');
 
             auto *SI = new StoreInst(
-                ConstantInt::get(Earlier->getValueOperand()->getType(), Merged),
+                ConstantInt::get(EarlierVT, Merged),
                 Earlier->getPointerOperand(), false, Earlier->getAlignment(),
                 Earlier->getOrdering(), Earlier->getSyncScopeID(), DepWrite);
 
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/DeadStoreElimination/PartialStore2.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/DeadStoreElimination/PartialStore2.ll
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/DeadStoreElimination/PartialStore2.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py
+; RUN: opt < %s --data-layout "e" -dse -enable-dse-partial-store-merging=true -S | FileCheck --check-prefix CHECK --check-prefix CHECK-LE %s
+; RUN: opt < %s --data-layout "E" -dse -enable-dse-partial-store-merging=true -S | FileCheck --check-prefix CHECK --check-prefix CHECK-BE %s
+
+; This test used to hit an assertion (see PR41949).
+;
+; Better safe than sorry, do not assume anything about the padding for the
+; i28 store that has 32 bits as store size.
+define void @test1(i32* %p) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test1(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[A:%.*]] = alloca i32
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B:%.*]] = bitcast i32* [[A]] to i28*
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[C:%.*]] = bitcast i32* [[A]] to { i16, i16 }*
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[C1:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds { i16, i16 }, { i16, i16 }* [[C]], i32 0, i32 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    store i28 10, i28* [[B]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    store i16 20, i16* [[C1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @test1(i32* [[A]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+  %a = alloca i32
+  %b = bitcast i32* %a to i28*
+  %c = bitcast i32* %a to { i16, i16 }*
+  %c1 = getelementptr inbounds { i16, i16 }, { i16, i16 }* %c, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i28 10, i28* %b
+  store i16 20, i16* %c1
+
+  call void @test1(i32* %a)
+  ret void
+}
+
+
+; This test used to mis-compile (see PR41949).
+;
+; Better safe than sorry, do not assume anything about the padding for the
+; i12 store that has 16 bits as store size.
+define void @test2(i32* %p) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test2(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[U:%.*]] = alloca i32
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[A:%.*]] = bitcast i32* [[U]] to i32*
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B:%.*]] = bitcast i32* [[U]] to i12*
+; CHECK-NEXT:    store i32 -1, i32* [[A]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    store i12 20, i12* [[B]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @test2(i32* [[U]])
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+  %u = alloca i32
+  %a = bitcast i32* %u to i32*
+  %b = bitcast i32* %u to i12*
+  store i32 -1, i32* %a
+  store i12 20, i12* %b
+
+  call void @test2(i32* %u)
+  ret void
+}
+