diff --git a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.rst b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.rst
--- a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.rst
+++ b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.rst
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
 to the value ``61680``.
 
 The syntax to check a numeric expression constraint is
-``[[#%<fmtspec>:<expr>]]`` where:
+``[[#%<fmtspec>: <constraint> <expr>]]`` where:
 
 * ``%<fmtspec>`` is the same matching format specifier as for defining numeric
   variables but acting as a printf-style format to indicate how a numeric
@@ -606,6 +606,12 @@
   if no numeric variable is used.  In case of conflict between matching formats
   of several numeric variables the format specifier is mandatory.
 
+* ``<constraint>`` is the matching constraint describing how the value to match
+  must relate to the value of the numeric expression. The only currently
+  accepted constraint is ``==`` for an exact match and is the default if
+  ``<constraint>`` is not provided. No matching constraint must be specified
+  when the ``<expr>`` is empty.
+
 * ``<expr>>`` is a numeric expression whose operands are either numeric
   variables previously defined or integer immediates.  Currently supported
   numeric operations are ``+`` and ``-``. A single numeric variable or
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/FileCheck.cpp
@@ -568,10 +568,23 @@
     Expr = Expr.substr(DefEnd + 1);
   }
 
+  // Parse matching constraint.
+  Expr = Expr.ltrim(SpaceChars);
+  StringRef ConstraintExpr = Expr;
+  if (stripFront(Expr, "==", true /*Optional*/))
+    return nullptr;
+
   // Parse numeric expression itself.
   Expr = Expr.ltrim(SpaceChars);
   StringRef UseExpr = Expr;
-  if (!Expr.empty()) {
+  if (Expr.empty()) {
+    if (Expr.size() != ConstraintExpr.size()) {
+      SM.PrintMessage(
+          SMLoc::getFromPointer(Expr.data()), SourceMgr::DK_Error,
+          "Empty numeric expression should not have a matching constraint");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  } else {
     // First operand in legacy numeric expression is the @LINE pseudo variable.
     enum AllowedOperand AO = Legacy ? LegacyVar : Any;
     NumExprAST = parseNumericOperand(Expr, AO, SM);
diff --git a/llvm/test/FileCheck/numeric-expression.txt b/llvm/test/FileCheck/numeric-expression.txt
--- a/llvm/test/FileCheck/numeric-expression.txt
+++ b/llvm/test/FileCheck/numeric-expression.txt
@@ -165,6 +165,17 @@
 ; CHECK-LABEL: USE IMPL FMT IMPL MATCH UNSIGNED IMM
 ; CHECK-NEXT: [[#VAR1+0x8000000000000000]]
 
+; Numeric expressions in default matching format and explicit matching rule using
+; variables defined on other lines
+USE DEF FMT EXPL MATCH
+11
+11
+11
+; CHECK-LABEL: USE DEF FMT EXPL MATCH
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[#==VAR1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[# ==VAR1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[# == VAR1]]
+
 ; Numeric expressions with conversion matching format and implicit matching rule
 ; using variables defined on other lines
 USE CONV FMT IMPL MATCH
@@ -299,7 +310,6 @@
 ; FMT-CONFLICT-MSG-NEXT: {{F}}MT-CONFLICT-NEXT: {{\[\[#VAR1 \+ VAR2\]\]}}
 ; FMT-CONFLICT-MSG-NEXT: {{^                        \^$}}
 
-
 ; Numeric expression with overflow
 ; RUN: not FileCheck -check-prefix OVERFLOW -input-file %s %s 2>&1 \
 ; RUN:   | FileCheck -check-prefix OVERFLOW-MSG %s
@@ -312,7 +322,6 @@
 ; OVERFLOW-MSG-NEXT: {{O}}VERFLOW-NEXT: BIGVAR: {{\[\[#BIGVAR:0x8000000000000000\+0x8000000000000000\]\]}}
 ; OVERFLOW-MSG-NEXT: {{^                            \^$}}
 
-
 ; Numeric expression with underflow
 ; RUN: not FileCheck -check-prefix UNDERFLOW -input-file %s %s 2>&1 \
 ; RUN:   | FileCheck -check-prefix UNDERFLOW-MSG %s
@@ -324,3 +333,27 @@
 ; UNDERFLOW-MSG: numeric-expression.txt:[[#@LINE-1]]:31: error: Unable to substitute variable or numeric expression
 ; UNDERFLOW-MSG-NEXT: {{U}}NDERFLOW-NEXT: TINYVAR: {{\[\[#%d,TINYVAR:-0x8000000000000000-0x8000000000000000\]\]}}
 ; UNDERFLOW-MSG-NEXT: {{^                              \^$}}
+
+; Empty numeric expression with matching constraint
+; RUN: not FileCheck -check-prefix EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT -input-file %s %s 2>&1 \
+; RUN:   | FileCheck -check-prefix EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-MSG %s
+
+EMPTY NUMEXPR USE WITH CONSTRAINT
+18
+; EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-LABEL: EMPTY NUMEXPR USE WITH CONSTRAINT
+; EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-NEXT: [[# ==]]
+; EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-MSG: numeric-expression.txt:[[#@LINE-1]]:40: error: Empty numeric expression should not have a matching constraint
+; EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-MSG-NEXT: {{E}}MPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-NEXT: {{\[\[# ==\]\]}}
+; EMPTY-NUMEXPR-CONSTRAINT-MSG-NEXT: {{^                                       \^$}}
+
+; Empty numeric expression with matching constraint
+; RUN: not FileCheck -check-prefix EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT -input-file %s %s 2>&1 \
+; RUN:   | FileCheck -check-prefix EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-MSG %s
+
+EMPTY NUMEXPR DEF WITH CONSTRAINT
+18
+; EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-LABEL: EMPTY NUMEXPR CONSTRAINT
+; EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-NEXT: [[#VARDEF: ==]]
+; EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-MSG: numeric-expression.txt:[[#@LINE-1]]:46: error: Empty numeric expression should not have a matching constraint
+; EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-MSG-NEXT: {{E}}MPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-NEXT: {{\[\[#VARDEF: ==\]\]}}
+; EMPTY-NUMDEF-CONSTRAINT-MSG-NEXT: {{^                                             \^$}}