Index: clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CMakeLists.txt
+++ clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   ProTypeVarargCheck.cpp
   SlicingCheck.cpp
   SpecialMemberFunctionsCheck.cpp
+  UseRaiiLocksCheck.cpp
 
   LINK_LIBS
   clangAST
Index: clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CppCoreGuidelinesTidyModule.cpp
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CppCoreGuidelinesTidyModule.cpp
+++ clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/CppCoreGuidelinesTidyModule.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "ProTypeVarargCheck.h"
 #include "SlicingCheck.h"
 #include "SpecialMemberFunctionsCheck.h"
+#include "UseRaiiLocksCheck.h"
 
 namespace clang {
 namespace tidy {
@@ -83,6 +84,8 @@
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<SpecialMemberFunctionsCheck>(
         "cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<SlicingCheck>("cppcoreguidelines-slicing");
+    CheckFactories.registerCheck<UseRaiiLocksCheck>(
+        "cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<misc::UnconventionalAssignOperatorCheck>(
         "cppcoreguidelines-c-copy-assignment-signature");
   }
Index: clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/UseRaiiLocksCheck.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/UseRaiiLocksCheck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//===--- UseRaiiLocksCheck.h - clang-tidy -----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_CPPCOREGUIDELINES_USERAIILOCKSCHECK_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_CPPCOREGUIDELINES_USERAIILOCKSCHECK_H
+
+#include "../ClangTidy.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace cppcoreguidelines {
+
+/// Check for instances of explicit std::mutex lock() and unlock() calls
+///
+/// For the user-facing documentation see:
+/// http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks.html
+class UseRaiiLocksCheck : public ClangTidyCheck {
+public:
+  UseRaiiLocksCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
+      : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context),
+        BasicLockableTypes(Options.get(
+            "BasicLockableTypes",
+            "::std::mutex;::std::recursive_mutex;::std::timed_mutex;::std::"
+            "recursive_timed_mutex;::std::unique_lock")) {}
+  void registerMatchers(ast_matchers::MatchFinder *Finder) override;
+  void check(const ast_matchers::MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) override;
+  void storeOptions(ClangTidyOptions::OptionMap &Opts) override;
+
+private:
+  const std::string BasicLockableTypes;
+};
+
+} // namespace cppcoreguidelines
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANG_TIDY_CPPCOREGUIDELINES_USERAIILOCKSCHECK_H
Index: clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/UseRaiiLocksCheck.cpp
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines/UseRaiiLocksCheck.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//===--- UseRaiiLocksCheck.cpp - clang-tidy -------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "UseRaiiLocksCheck.h"
+#include "../utils/Matchers.h"
+#include "../utils/OptionsUtils.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
+
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers::internal;
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace cppcoreguidelines {
+
+namespace {
+Matcher<RecordDecl> hasAnyListedName(const std::string &TypeNames) {
+  const std::vector<std::string> NameList =
+      utils::options::parseStringList(TypeNames);
+  return hasAnyName(std::vector<StringRef>(NameList.begin(), NameList.end()));
+}
+} // namespace
+
+void UseRaiiLocksCheck::storeOptions(ClangTidyOptions::OptionMap &Opts) {
+  Options.store(Opts, "BasicLockableTypes", BasicLockableTypes);
+}
+
+void UseRaiiLocksCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
+  // lock_guards require c++11 or later
+  if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11)
+    return;
+
+  const auto MutexDecl = type(hasUnqualifiedDesugaredType(
+      recordType(hasDeclaration(cxxRecordDecl(hasAnyListedName(BasicLockableTypes))))));
+  // Match expressions of type mutex or mutex pointer
+  const auto MutexExpr =
+      expr(anyOf(hasType(MutexDecl), hasType(qualType(pointsTo(MutexDecl)))));
+
+  // Match a call to mutex 'lock' or 'try_lock'
+  const auto MutexLockCallExpr =
+      cxxMemberCallExpr(on(MutexExpr), callee(memberExpr()),
+                        callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasAnyName("lock", "try_lock"))));
+
+  // Match a call to mutex 'unlock'
+  const auto MutexUnlockCallExpr =
+      cxxMemberCallExpr(on(MutexExpr), callee(memberExpr()),
+                        callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasAnyName("unlock"))));
+
+  // Match a scope with a calls to both 'lock' and 'unlock'
+  const auto ScopedProblem =
+      compoundStmt(forEach(MutexLockCallExpr.bind("lock")),
+                   forEach(MutexUnlockCallExpr.bind("unlock")));
+  Finder->addMatcher(ScopedProblem.bind("func"), this);
+}
+
+void UseRaiiLocksCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
+
+  const auto LockCallExpr = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<CXXMemberCallExpr>("lock");
+  const auto UnlockCallExpr =
+      Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<CXXMemberCallExpr>("unlock");
+
+  const auto LockObjectName = Lexer::getSourceText(
+      CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(
+          LockCallExpr->getImplicitObjectArgument()->getSourceRange()),
+      *Result.SourceManager, getLangOpts());
+  const auto UnlockObjectName = Lexer::getSourceText(
+      CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(
+          UnlockCallExpr->getImplicitObjectArgument()->getSourceRange()),
+      *Result.SourceManager, getLangOpts());
+
+  // Ignore m.lock(); m2.unlock()
+  if (LockObjectName != UnlockObjectName)
+    return;
+
+  const auto LockLineNum =
+      Result.SourceManager->getPresumedLoc(LockCallExpr->getBeginLoc())
+          .getLine();
+  const auto UnlockLineNum =
+      Result.SourceManager->getPresumedLoc(UnlockCallExpr->getBeginLoc())
+          .getLine();
+
+  // Ignore unlock before lock
+  if (UnlockLineNum < LockLineNum)
+    return;
+
+  diag(LockCallExpr->getBeginLoc(),
+       "use RAII-style locking mechanisms such as 'std::lock_guard' "
+       "or 'std::unique_lock'");
+}
+
+} // namespace cppcoreguidelines
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
Index: docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
===================================================================
--- docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
+++ docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@
   Finds and fixes ``absl::Time`` subtraction expressions to do subtraction
   in the Time domain instead of the numeric domain.
 
+- New :doc:`cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks
+  <clang-tidy/checks/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks>` check.
+
+  Checks for explicit usage of ``std::mutex`` functions ``lock()`` and ``unlock``.
+
 - New :doc:`google-readability-avoid-underscore-in-googletest-name
   <clang-tidy/checks/google-readability-avoid-underscore-in-googletest-name>`
   check.
Index: docs/clang-tidy/checks/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks.rst
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ docs/clang-tidy/checks/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. title:: clang-tidy - cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks
+
+cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks
+================================
+
+The explicit use of std::mutex functions ``lock()`` and ``unlock()`` is error 
+prone and should be avoided. It's recommended to use RAII-style locking 
+mechanisms such as ``std::lock_guard`` or ``std::unique_lock``.
Index: docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
===================================================================
--- docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
+++ docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@
    cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg
    cppcoreguidelines-slicing
    cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions
+   cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks
    fuchsia-default-arguments
    fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces (redirects to google-build-namespaces) <fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces>
    fuchsia-multiple-inheritance
Index: test/clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks.cpp
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ test/clang-tidy/cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// RUN: %check_clang_tidy %s cppcoreguidelines-use-raii-locks %t
+
+// Mock implementation of std::mutex
+namespace std {
+struct mutex {
+  void lock();
+  void unlock();
+};
+typedef mutex recursive_mutex;
+} // namespace std
+
+
+void warn_me1() {
+  std::mutex m;
+  m.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m.unlock();
+}
+
+void warn_me2() {
+  std::mutex m;
+  m.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  {
+    std::mutex m;
+    m.lock();
+    // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:5: warning: use RAII
+    m.unlock();
+  }
+  m.unlock();
+}
+
+void warn_me3() {
+  std::mutex m1;
+  std::mutex m2;
+
+  m1.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m1.unlock();
+  m2.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m2.unlock();
+}
+
+void warn_me4() {
+  std::mutex m1;
+  std::mutex m2;
+
+  m1.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m1.unlock();
+  m2.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m2.unlock();
+}
+
+void warn_me5() {
+  std::mutex m1;
+  std::mutex m2;
+
+  m1.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m2.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: :[[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: use RAII
+  m1.unlock();
+  m2.unlock();
+}
+
+void ignore_me1() {
+  std::mutex m;
+  m.unlock();
+  m.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES-NOT: warning:
+}
+
+void ignore_me2() {
+  std::mutex m1;
+  std::mutex m2;
+  m1.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES-NOT: warning:
+  m2.unlock();
+}
+
+void ignore_me3() {
+  std::recursive_mutex m1;
+  std::recursive_mutex m2;
+  m1.lock();
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES-NOT: warning:
+  m2.unlock();
+}