Index: lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineCompares.cpp
===================================================================
--- lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineCompares.cpp
+++ lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineCompares.cpp
@@ -2900,6 +2900,71 @@
   return Builder.CreateICmp(DstPred, X, M);
 }
 
+/// Some comparisons can be simplified.
+/// In this case, we are looking for comparisons that look like
+/// a check for a lossy signed truncation.
+/// Folds:   (MaskedBits is a constant.)
+///   ((%x << MaskedBits) a>> MaskedBits) SrcPred %x
+/// Into:
+///   (add %x, (1 << (KeptBits-1))) DstPred (1 << KeptBits)
+/// Where  KeptBits = bitwidth(%x) - MaskedBits
+static Value *
+foldICmpWithTruncSignExtendedVal(ICmpInst &I,
+                                 InstCombiner::BuilderTy &Builder) {
+  ICmpInst::Predicate SrcPred;
+  Value *X;
+  const APInt *C0, *C1; // FIXME: non-splats, potentially with undef.
+  // We are ok with 'shl' having multiple uses, but 'ashr' must be one-use.
+  if (!match(&I, m_c_ICmp(SrcPred,
+                          m_OneUse(m_AShr(m_Shl(m_Value(X), m_APInt(C0)),
+                                          m_APInt(C1))),
+                          m_Deferred(X))))
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Potential handling of non-splats: for each element:
+  //  * if both are undef, replace with constant 0.
+  //    Because (1<<0) is OK and is 1, and ((1<<0)>>1) is also OK and is 0.
+  //  * if both are not undef, and are different, bailout.
+  //  * else, only one is undef, then pick the non-undef one.
+
+  // The shift amount must be equal.
+  if (*C0 != *C1)
+    return nullptr;
+  const uint64_t MaskedBits = C0->getZExtValue();
+
+  ICmpInst::Predicate DstPred;
+  switch (SrcPred) {
+  case ICmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_EQ:
+    // ((%x << MaskedBits) a>> MaskedBits) == %x
+    //   =>
+    // (add %x, (1 << (KeptBits-1))) u< (1 << KeptBits)
+    DstPred = ICmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_ULT;
+    break;
+  case ICmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_NE:
+    // ((%x << MaskedBits) a>> MaskedBits) != %x
+    //   =>
+    // (add %x, (1 << (KeptBits-1))) u>= (1 << KeptBits)
+    DstPred = ICmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_UGE;
+    break;
+  // FIXME: are more folds possible?
+  default:
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  const uint64_t XBitWidth = C0->getBitWidth();
+  const uint64_t KeptBits = XBitWidth - MaskedBits;
+  const uint64_t ICmpCst = 1UL << KeptBits; // (1 << KeptBits)
+  const uint64_t AddCst = ICmpCst >> 1UL;   // (1 << (KeptBits-1))
+
+  auto *XType = X->getType();
+  // (add %x, (1 << (KeptBits-1)))
+  Value *T0 = Builder.CreateAdd(X, ConstantInt::get(XType, AddCst));
+  // add %x, (1 << (KeptBits-1))) DstPred (1 << KeptBits)
+  Value *T1 = Builder.CreateICmp(DstPred, T0, ConstantInt::get(XType, ICmpCst));
+
+  return T1;
+}
+
 /// Try to fold icmp (binop), X or icmp X, (binop).
 /// TODO: A large part of this logic is duplicated in InstSimplify's
 /// simplifyICmpWithBinOp(). We should be able to share that and avoid the code
@@ -3240,6 +3305,9 @@
   if (Value *V = foldICmpWithLowBitMaskedVal(I, Builder))
     return replaceInstUsesWith(I, V);
 
+  if (Value *V = foldICmpWithTruncSignExtendedVal(I, Builder))
+    return replaceInstUsesWith(I, V);
+
   return nullptr;
 }
 
Index: test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-lack-of-signed-truncation-check.ll
===================================================================
--- test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-lack-of-signed-truncation-check.ll
+++ test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-lack-of-signed-truncation-check.ll
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 
 define i1 @p0(i8 %x) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @p0(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X:%.*]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp eq i8 [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X:%.*]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ult i8 [[TMP1]], 16
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl i8 %x, 4
@@ -32,9 +31,8 @@
 
 define <2 x i1> @p1_vec_splat(<2 x i8> %x) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @p1_vec_splat(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl <2 x i8> [[X:%.*]], <i8 4, i8 4>
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact <2 x i8> [[TMP0]], <i8 4, i8 4>
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp eq <2 x i8> [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add <2 x i8> [[X:%.*]], <i8 8, i8 8>
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ult <2 x i8> [[TMP1]], <i8 16, i8 16>
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret <2 x i1> [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl <2 x i8> %x, <i8 4, i8 4>
@@ -104,9 +102,8 @@
 define i1 @c0() {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @c0(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[X:%.*]] = call i8 @gen8()
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp eq i8 [[X]], [[TMP1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ult i8 [[TMP1]], 16
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %x = call i8 @gen8()
@@ -126,8 +123,8 @@
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @n_oneuse0(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X:%.*]], 4
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use8(i8 [[TMP0]])
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp eq i8 [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ult i8 [[TMP1]], 16
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl i8 %x, 4
Index: test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-signed-truncation-check.ll
===================================================================
--- test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-signed-truncation-check.ll
+++ test/Transforms/InstCombine/canonicalize-signed-truncation-check.ll
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 
 define i1 @p0(i8 %x) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @p0(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X:%.*]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ne i8 [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X:%.*]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[TMP1]], 15
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl i8 %x, 4
@@ -32,9 +31,8 @@
 
 define <2 x i1> @p1_vec_splat(<2 x i8> %x) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @p1_vec_splat(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl <2 x i8> [[X:%.*]], <i8 4, i8 4>
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact <2 x i8> [[TMP0]], <i8 4, i8 4>
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ne <2 x i8> [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add <2 x i8> [[X:%.*]], <i8 8, i8 8>
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ugt <2 x i8> [[TMP1]], <i8 15, i8 15>
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret <2 x i1> [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl <2 x i8> %x, <i8 4, i8 4>
@@ -104,9 +102,8 @@
 define i1 @c0() {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @c0(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[X:%.*]] = call i8 @gen8()
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ne i8 [[X]], [[TMP1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[TMP1]], 15
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %x = call i8 @gen8()
@@ -126,8 +123,8 @@
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @n_oneuse0(
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP0:%.*]] = shl i8 [[X:%.*]], 4
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @use8(i8 [[TMP0]])
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = ashr exact i8 [[TMP0]], 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ne i8 [[TMP1]], [[X]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X]], 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[TMP1]], 15
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i1 [[TMP2]]
 ;
   %tmp0 = shl i8 %x, 4