Index: lib/Transforms/IPO/FunctionImport.cpp
===================================================================
--- lib/Transforms/IPO/FunctionImport.cpp
+++ lib/Transforms/IPO/FunctionImport.cpp
@@ -544,9 +544,25 @@
       if (S->isLive())
         return;
 
-    // We do not keep live symbols that are known to be non-prevailing.
-    if (isPrevailing(VI.getGUID()) == PrevailingType::No)
-      return;
+    // We only keep live symbols that are known to be non-prevailing if any are
+    // available_externally. Those symbols are discarded later in the
+    // EliminateAvailableExternally pass and setting them to not-live breaks
+    // downstreams users of liveness information (PR36483).
+    if (isPrevailing(VI.getGUID()) == PrevailingType::No) {
+      bool AvailableExternally = false;
+      bool Interposable = false;
+      for (auto &S : VI.getSummaryList()) {
+        if (S->linkage() == GlobalValue::AvailableExternallyLinkage)
+          AvailableExternally = true;
+        if (GlobalValue::isInterposableLinkage(S->linkage()))
+          Interposable = true;
+      }
+
+      if (!AvailableExternally)
+        return;
+
+      assert(!Interposable && "Interposable and available_externally symbol");
+    }
 
     for (auto &S : VI.getSummaryList())
       S->setLive(true);
Index: test/ThinLTO/X86/deadstrip.ll
===================================================================
--- test/ThinLTO/X86/deadstrip.ll
+++ test/ThinLTO/X86/deadstrip.ll
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_dead_func,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_baz,l \
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_boo,l \
+; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_live_available_externally_func,l \
 ; RUN:   -r %t2.bc,_baz,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t2.bc,_boo,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t2.bc,_dead_func,l \
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@
 ; COMBINED-DAG: <COMBINED {{.*}} op2=119
 ; Live, dso_local, Internal
 ; COMBINED-DAG: <COMBINED {{.*}} op2=103
+; Live, Local, AvailableExternally
+; COMBINED-DAG: <COMBINED {{.*}} op2=97
 ; Live, Local, External
 ; COMBINED-DAG: <COMBINED {{.*}} op2=96
 ; COMBINED-DAG: <COMBINED {{.*}} op2=96
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_dead_func,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_baz,l \
 ; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_boo,l \
+; RUN:   -r %t1.bc,_live_available_externally_func,l \
 ; RUN:   -r %t3.bc,_baz,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t3.bc,_boo,pl \
 ; RUN:   -r %t3.bc,_dead_func,l \
@@ -124,8 +128,13 @@
     ret void
 }
 
+define available_externally void @live_available_externally_func() {
+    ret void
+}
+
 define void @main() {
     call void @bar()
     call void @bar_internal()
+    call void @live_available_externally_func()
     ret void
 }
Index: test/Transforms/FunctionImport/Inputs/not-prevailing.ll
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ test/Transforms/FunctionImport/Inputs/not-prevailing.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+target datalayout = "e-m:e-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+
+define weak i32 @foo() {
+  ret i32 0
+}
Index: test/Transforms/FunctionImport/not-prevailing.ll
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ test/Transforms/FunctionImport/not-prevailing.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+; RUN: opt -module-summary %s -o %t1.bc
+; RUN: opt -module-summary -o %t2.bc %S/Inputs/not-prevailing.ll
+; RUN: not --crash llvm-lto2 run -o %t3.bc %t1.bc %t2.bc -r %t1.bc,bar,px \
+; RUN:     -r %t1.bc,foo,x -r %t2.bc,foo,x -save-temps 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+; CHECK: Assertion `!Interposable
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:e-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+
+define available_externally i32 @foo() {
+  ret i32 1
+}
+
+define i32 @bar() {
+  %1 = call i32 @foo()
+  ret i32 %1
+}