Index: clangd/CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- clangd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ clangd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
   ClangdUnit.cpp
   ClangdUnitStore.cpp
   CodeComplete.cpp
+  Context.cpp
   Compiler.cpp
   DraftStore.cpp
   FuzzyMatch.cpp
Index: clangd/Context.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clangd/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//===--- Context.h - Mechanism for passing implicit data --------*- C++-*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Context for storing and retrieving implicit data. Useful for passing implicit
+// parameters on a per-request basis.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_CONTEXT_H_
+#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_CONTEXT_H_
+
+#include "TypedValueMap.h"
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace clangd {
+
+class ContextBuilder;
+
+/// A context is an immutable container for per-request data that must be
+/// propagated through layers that don't care about it. An example is a request
+/// ID that we may want to use when logging.
+///
+/// Conceptually, a context is a heterogeneous map<Key<T>, T>. Each key has
+/// an associated value type, which allows the map to be typesafe.
+///
+/// You can't add data to an existing context, instead you create a new
+/// immutable context derived from it with extra data added. When you retrieve
+/// data, the context will walk up the parent chain until the key is found.
+///
+/// Contexts should be:
+///  - passed by reference when calling synchronous functions
+///  - passed by value (move) when calling asynchronous functions. The result
+///    callback of async operations will receive the context again.
+///  - cloned only when 'forking' an asynchronous computation that we don't wait
+///    for.
+///
+/// Copy operations for this class are deleted to avoid implicit copies, use an
+/// explicit clone() method instead.
+///
+/// Contexts are created using a fluent-builder API.
+/// To create a new context without any parent use the buildCtx() function,
+/// e.g.:
+///     Context Ctx = buildCtx().add(RequestIdKey, 123);
+///
+/// To derive a child context use derive() function, e.g.
+///     Context ChildCtx = ParentCtx.derive().add(RequestIdKey, 123);
+class Context {
+public:
+  /// Returns an empty context that contains no data. Useful for calling
+  /// functions that require a context when no explicit context is available.
+  static const Context &empty();
+
+private:
+  class ContextData;
+  Context(std::shared_ptr<const ContextData> DataPtr);
+
+public:
+  /// Move-only.
+  Context(Context const &) = delete;
+  Context &operator=(const Context &) = delete;
+
+  Context(Context &&) = default;
+  Context &operator=(Context &&) = default;
+
+  /// Get data stored for a typed \p Key. If values are not found
+  /// \returns Pointer to the data associated with \p Key. If no data is
+  /// specified for \p Key, return null.
+  template <class Type> const Type *get(const Key<Type> &Key) const {
+    return DataPtr->get(Key);
+  }
+
+  /// A helper to get a reference to a \p Key that must exist in the map.
+  /// Must not be called for keys that are not in the map.
+  template <class Type> const Type &getExisting(const Key<Type> &Key) const {
+    auto Val = get(Key);
+    assert(Val && "Key does not exist");
+    return *Val;
+  }
+
+  /// Derives a child context
+  /// It is safe to move or destroy a parent context after calling derive() from
+  /// it. The child context will continue to have access to the data stored in
+  /// the parent context.
+  ContextBuilder derive() const &;
+  ContextBuilder derive() &&; // takes ownership
+
+  /// Clone this context object.
+  Context clone() const;
+
+private:
+  friend class ContextBuilder;
+
+  class ContextData {
+  public:
+    ContextData(std::shared_ptr<const ContextData> Parent, TypedValueMap Data)
+        : Parent(std::move(Parent)), Data(std::move(Data)) {}
+
+    /// Get data stored for a typed \p Key. If values are not found
+    /// \returns Pointer to the data associated with \p Key. If no data is
+    /// specified for \p Key, return null.
+    template <class Type> const Type *get(const Key<Type> &Key) const {
+      if (auto Val = Data.get(Key))
+        return Val;
+      if (Parent)
+        return Parent->get(Key);
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    // We need to make sure Parent outlives Data. So the order of members is
+    // important. We do that to allow classes stored in Context's child layers
+    // to store references to the data in the parent layers.
+    std::shared_ptr<const ContextData> Parent;
+    TypedValueMap Data;
+  };
+
+  std::shared_ptr<const ContextData> DataPtr;
+}; // namespace clangd
+
+/// Fluent Builder API for creating Contexts. Instead of using it directly,
+/// prefer to use the buildCtx factory functions. Provides only an r-value-only
+/// API, i.e. it is intended to be used on unnamed temporaries:
+///
+///     Context Ctx = buildCtx().add(RequestIdKey, 123);
+class ContextBuilder {
+public:
+  ContextBuilder() = default;
+  explicit ContextBuilder(const Context &Parent);
+  explicit ContextBuilder(Context &&Parent);
+
+  ContextBuilder(ContextBuilder &&) = default;
+  ContextBuilder &operator=(ContextBuilder &&) = default;
+
+  ContextBuilder(const ContextBuilder &) = delete;
+  ContextBuilder &operator=(const ContextBuilder &) = default;
+
+  /// Add a value to the context we are building. Same \p Key cannot be
+  /// specified twice.
+  template <class T, class... Args>
+  ContextBuilder &&add(Key<T> &Key, Args &&... As) && {
+    bool Added = Data.emplace(Key, std::forward<Args>(As)...);
+    assert(Added && "Value was already in the map");
+    return std::move(*this);
+  }
+
+  /// If \p Val has a value, add it to the context we are building.
+  /// If \p Val does not have a value, do nothing.
+  template <class T>
+  ContextBuilder &&addOpt(Key<T> &Key, llvm::Optional<T> Val) && {
+    if (!Val)
+      return std::move(*this);
+    return std::move(*this).add(Key, std::move(*Val));
+  }
+
+  /// Finish building the resulting context and return it.
+  operator Context() &&;
+
+private:
+  std::shared_ptr<const Context::ContextData> Parent;
+  TypedValueMap Data;
+};
+
+/// Creates a ContextBuilder with a null parent.
+ContextBuilder buildCtx();
+
+} // namespace clangd
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_CONTEXT_H_
Index: clangd/Context.cpp
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clangd/Context.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//===--- Context.cpp -----------------------------------------*- C++-*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "Context.h"
+#include "TypedValueMap.h"
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace clangd {
+
+const Context &Context::empty() {
+  static Context Empty = buildCtx();
+  return Empty;
+}
+
+Context::Context(std::shared_ptr<const ContextData> DataPtr)
+    : DataPtr(std::move(DataPtr)) {
+  assert(this->DataPtr && "DataPtr must be non-null");
+}
+
+ContextBuilder Context::derive() const & { return ContextBuilder(*this); }
+ContextBuilder Context::derive() && { return ContextBuilder(std::move(*this)); }
+
+Context Context::clone() const { return Context(DataPtr); }
+
+ContextBuilder::ContextBuilder(const Context &Parent)
+    : Parent(Parent.DataPtr) {}
+
+ContextBuilder::ContextBuilder(Context &&Parent)
+    : Parent(std::move(Parent.DataPtr)) {}
+
+ContextBuilder::operator Context() && {
+  return Context(std::make_shared<Context::ContextData>(std::move(Parent),
+                                                        std::move(Data)));
+}
+
+ContextBuilder buildCtx() { return ContextBuilder(); }
+
+} // namespace clangd
+} // namespace clang
Index: clangd/TypedValueMap.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clangd/TypedValueMap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//===--- TypedValueMap.h - Type-safe heterogenous key-value map -*- C++-*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Type-safe heterogenous map.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_TYPEDVALUEMAP_H_
+#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_TYPEDVALUEMAP_H_
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace clangd {
+
+/// Used as identity for map values. Non-movable and non-copyable. Address of
+/// this object is used internally to as keys in a map.
+template <class Type> class Key {
+public:
+  static_assert(!std::is_reference<Type>::value,
+                "Reference arguments to Key<> are not allowed");
+
+  Key() = default;
+
+  Key(Key const &) = delete;
+  Key &operator=(Key const &) = delete;
+  Key(Key &&) = delete;
+  Key &operator=(Key &&) = delete;
+};
+
+/// A type-safe map from Key<T> to T.
+class TypedValueMap {
+public:
+  TypedValueMap() = default;
+  TypedValueMap(const TypedValueMap &) = delete;
+  TypedValueMap(TypedValueMap &&) = default;
+
+  template <class Type> const Type *get(const Key<Type> &Key) const {
+    return const_cast<TypedValueMap *>(this)->get(Key);
+  }
+
+  template <class Type> Type *get(const Key<Type> &Key) {
+    auto It = Map.find(&Key);
+    if (It == Map.end())
+      return nullptr;
+    return static_cast<Type *>(It->second->getValuePtr());
+  }
+
+  template <class Type, class... Args>
+  bool emplace(const Key<Type> &Key, Args &&... As) {
+    bool Added =
+        Map.try_emplace(&Key,
+                        llvm::make_unique<
+                            TypedAnyStorage<typename std::decay<Type>::type>>(
+                            std::forward<Args>(As)...))
+            .second;
+    return Added;
+  }
+
+  template <class Type> bool remove(Key<Type> &Key) {
+    auto It = Map.find(&Key);
+    if (It == Map.end())
+      return false;
+
+    Map.erase(It);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+private:
+  class AnyStorage {
+  public:
+    virtual ~AnyStorage() = default;
+    virtual void *getValuePtr() = 0;
+  };
+
+  template <class T> class TypedAnyStorage : public AnyStorage {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<typename std::decay<T>::type, T>::value,
+                  "Argument to TypedAnyStorage must be decayed");
+
+  public:
+    template <class... Args>
+    TypedAnyStorage(Args &&... As) : Value(std::forward<Args>(As)...) {}
+
+    void *getValuePtr() override { return &Value; }
+
+  private:
+    T Value;
+  };
+
+  // Map keys are addresses of Key<> objects.
+  llvm::DenseMap<const void *, std::unique_ptr<AnyStorage>> Map;
+};
+
+} // namespace clangd
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // LLVM_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_CLANGD_TYPEDVALUEMAP_H_
Index: unittests/clangd/CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- unittests/clangd/CMakeLists.txt
+++ unittests/clangd/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 add_extra_unittest(ClangdTests
   ClangdTests.cpp
   CodeCompleteTests.cpp
+  ContextTests.cpp
   FuzzyMatchTests.cpp
   JSONExprTests.cpp
   TestFS.cpp
Index: unittests/clangd/ContextTests.cpp
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ unittests/clangd/ContextTests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//===-- ContextTests.cpp - Context tests ------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "Context.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace clangd {
+
+TEST(TypedValueMapTests, Simple) {
+  Key<int> IntParam;
+  Key<int> ExtraIntParam;
+
+  clangd::TypedValueMap Ctx;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Ctx.emplace(IntParam, 10));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Ctx.emplace(ExtraIntParam, 20));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*Ctx.get(IntParam), 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*Ctx.get(ExtraIntParam), 20);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Ctx.emplace(IntParam, 30));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Ctx.remove(IntParam));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Ctx.get(IntParam), nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*Ctx.get(ExtraIntParam), 20);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Ctx.emplace(IntParam, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(*Ctx.get(IntParam), 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*Ctx.get(ExtraIntParam), 20);
+}
+
+TEST(TypedValueMapTests, MoveOps) {
+  Key<std::unique_ptr<int>> Param;
+
+  clangd::TypedValueMap Ctx;
+  Ctx.emplace(Param, llvm::make_unique<int>(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(**Ctx.get(Param), 10);
+
+  clangd::TypedValueMap NewCtx = std::move(Ctx);
+  EXPECT_EQ(**NewCtx.get(Param), 10);
+}
+
+TEST(ContextTests, Builders) {
+  Key<int> ParentParam;
+  Key<int> ParentAndChildParam;
+  Key<int> ChildParam;
+
+  Context ParentCtx =
+      buildCtx().add(ParentParam, 10).add(ParentAndChildParam, 20);
+  Context ChildCtx =
+      ParentCtx.derive().add(ParentAndChildParam, 30).add(ChildParam, 40);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ParentCtx.get(ParentParam), 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ParentCtx.get(ParentAndChildParam), 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ParentCtx.get(ChildParam), nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ChildCtx.get(ParentParam), 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ChildCtx.get(ParentAndChildParam), 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ChildCtx.get(ChildParam), 40);
+}
+
+} // namespace clangd
+} // namespace clang