Index: lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineSelect.cpp
===================================================================
--- lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineSelect.cpp
+++ lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineSelect.cpp
@@ -1217,6 +1217,78 @@
   return CastInst::CreateBitOrPointerCast(NewSel, Sel.getType());
 }
 
+/// Try to eliminate select instructions that test the returned flag of cmpxchg
+/// instructions.
+///
+/// If a select instruction tests the returned flag of a cmpxchg instruction and
+/// selects between the returned value of the cmpxchg instruction its compare
+/// operand, the result of the select will always be equal to its false value.
+/// For example:
+///
+///   %0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+///   %1 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %0, 1
+///   %2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %0, 0
+///   %3 = select i1 %1, i64 %compare, i64 %2
+///   ret i64 %3
+///
+/// The returned value of the cmpxchg instruction (%2) is the original value
+/// located at %ptr prior to any update. If the cmpxchg operation succeeds %2
+/// must have been equal to %compare. Thus, the result of the select is always
+/// equal to %2, and the code can be simplified to:
+///
+///   %0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+///   %2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %0, 0
+///   ret i64 %2
+///
+static Instruction *foldSelectCmpXchg(SelectInst &SI) {
+  // A helper that determines if V is an extractvalue instruction whose
+  // aggregate operand is a cmpxchg instruction and whose single index is equal
+  // to I. If such conditions are true, the helper returns the cmpxchg
+  // instruction; otherwise, a nullptr is returned.
+  auto isExtractFromCmpXchg = [](Value *V, unsigned I) -> AtomicCmpXchgInst * {
+    auto *Extract = dyn_cast<ExtractValueInst>(V);
+    if (!Extract)
+      return nullptr;
+    if (Extract->getIndices()[0] != I)
+      return nullptr;
+    return dyn_cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(Extract->getAggregateOperand());
+  };
+
+  // If the select has a single user, and this user is a select instruction that
+  // we can simplify, skip the cmpxchg simplification for now.
+  if (SI.hasOneUse())
+    if (auto *Select = dyn_cast<SelectInst>(SI.user_back()))
+      if (Select->getCondition() == SI.getCondition())
+        if (Select->getFalseValue() == SI.getTrueValue() ||
+            Select->getTrueValue() == SI.getFalseValue())
+          return nullptr;
+
+  // Ensure the select condition is the returned flag of a cmpxchg instruction.
+  auto *CmpXchg = isExtractFromCmpXchg(SI.getCondition(), 1);
+  if (!CmpXchg)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Check the true value case: The true value of the select is the returned
+  // value of the same cmpxchg used by the condition, and the false value is the
+  // cmpxchg instruction's condition operand.
+  if (auto *X = isExtractFromCmpXchg(SI.getTrueValue(), 0))
+    if (X == CmpXchg && X->getCompareOperand() == SI.getFalseValue()) {
+      SI.setTrueValue(SI.getFalseValue());
+      return &SI;
+    }
+
+  // Check the false value case: The false value of the select is the returned
+  // value of the same cmpxchg used by the condition, and the true value is the
+  // cmpxchg instruction's condition operand.
+  if (auto *X = isExtractFromCmpXchg(SI.getFalseValue(), 0))
+    if (X == CmpXchg && X->getCompareOperand() == SI.getTrueValue()) {
+      SI.setTrueValue(SI.getFalseValue());
+      return &SI;
+    }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 Instruction *InstCombiner::visitSelectInst(SelectInst &SI) {
   Value *CondVal = SI.getCondition();
   Value *TrueVal = SI.getTrueValue();
@@ -1624,5 +1696,9 @@
   if (Instruction *BitCastSel = foldSelectCmpBitcasts(SI, Builder))
     return BitCastSel;
 
+  // Simplify selects that test the returned flag of cmpxchg instructions.
+  if (Instruction *Select = foldSelectCmpXchg(SI))
+    return Select;
+
   return nullptr;
 }
Index: test/Transforms/InstCombine/select-cmpxchg.ll
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ test/Transforms/InstCombine/select-cmpxchg.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+; RUN: opt < %s -instcombine -S | FileCheck %s
+
+define i64 @cmpxchg_0(i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @cmpxchg_0(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+; CHECK-NEXT:    %tmp2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64 %tmp2
+;
+  %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+  %tmp1 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 1
+  %tmp2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 0
+  %tmp3 = select i1 %tmp1, i64 %compare, i64 %tmp2
+  ret i64 %tmp3
+}
+
+define i64 @cmpxchg_1(i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @cmpxchg_1(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64 %compare
+;
+  %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value seq_cst seq_cst
+  %tmp1 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 1
+  %tmp2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 0
+  %tmp3 = select i1 %tmp1, i64 %tmp2, i64 %compare
+  ret i64 %tmp3
+}
+
+define i64 @cmpxchg_2(i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @cmpxchg_2(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value acq_rel monotonic
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64 %compare
+;
+  %tmp0 = cmpxchg i64* %ptr, i64 %compare, i64 %new_value acq_rel monotonic
+  %tmp1 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 1
+  %tmp2 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %tmp0, 0
+  %tmp3 = select i1 %tmp1, i64 %compare, i64 %tmp2
+  %tmp4 = select i1 %tmp1, i64 %tmp3, i64 %compare
+  ret i64 %tmp4
+}