Index: CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- CMakeLists.txt
+++ CMakeLists.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 mark_as_advanced(COMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS)
 option(COMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY "Build xray" ON)
 mark_as_advanced(COMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY)
+option(COMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY_NO_PREINIT "Build xray with no preinit patching" OFF)
+mark_as_advanced(COMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY_NO_PREINIT)
 
 set(COMPILER_RT_BAREMETAL_BUILD OFF CACHE BOOLEAN
   "Build for a bare-metal target.")
Index: include/xray/xray_interface.h
===================================================================
--- include/xray/xray_interface.h
+++ include/xray/xray_interface.h
@@ -106,6 +106,14 @@
 /// encounter errors (when there are no instrumented functions, etc.).
 extern size_t __xray_max_function_id();
 
+/// Initialize the required XRay data structures. This is useful in cases where
+/// users want to control precisely when the XRay instrumentation data
+/// structures are initialized, for example when the XRay library is built with
+/// the XRAY_NO_PREINIT preprocessor definition.
+///
+/// Calling __xray_init() more than once is safe across multiple threads.
+extern void __xray_init();
+
 } // end extern "C"
 
 #endif // XRAY_XRAY_INTERFACE_H
Index: lib/xray/CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- lib/xray/CMakeLists.txt
+++ lib/xray/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@
 set(XRAY_COMMON_DEFINITIONS XRAY_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1)
 append_list_if(
   COMPILER_RT_HAS_XRAY_COMPILER_FLAG XRAY_SUPPORTED=1 XRAY_COMMON_DEFINITIONS)
+append_list_if(
+  COMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY_NO_PREINIT XRAY_NO_PREINIT XRAY_COMMON_DEFINITIONS)
 
 add_compiler_rt_object_libraries(RTXray
   ARCHS ${XRAY_SUPPORTED_ARCH}
Index: lib/xray/xray_init.cc
===================================================================
--- lib/xray/xray_init.cc
+++ lib/xray/xray_init.cc
@@ -44,10 +44,28 @@
 __sanitizer::SpinMutex XRayInstrMapMutex;
 XRaySledMap XRayInstrMap;
 
+// Global flag to determine whether the flags have been initialized.
+__sanitizer::atomic_uint8_t XRayFlagsInitialized{0};
+
+// A mutex to allow only one thread to initialize the XRay data structures.
+__sanitizer::SpinMutex XRayInitMutex;
+
 // __xray_init() will do the actual loading of the current process' memory map
 // and then proceed to look for the .xray_instr_map section/segment.
 void __xray_init() XRAY_NEVER_INSTRUMENT {
-  initializeFlags();
+  __sanitizer::SpinMutexLock Guard(&XRayInitMutex);
+  // Short-circuit if we've already initialized XRay before.
+  if (__sanitizer::atomic_load(&XRayInitialized,
+                               __sanitizer::memory_order_acquire))
+    return;
+
+  if (!__sanitizer::atomic_load(&XRayFlagsInitialized,
+                                __sanitizer::memory_order_acquire)) {
+    initializeFlags();
+    __sanitizer::atomic_store(&XRayFlagsInitialized, true,
+                              __sanitizer::memory_order_release);
+  }
+
   if (__start_xray_instr_map == nullptr) {
     if (Verbosity())
       Report("XRay instrumentation map missing. Not initializing XRay.\n");
@@ -64,9 +82,13 @@
   __sanitizer::atomic_store(&XRayInitialized, true,
                             __sanitizer::memory_order_release);
 
+#ifndef XRAY_NO_PREINIT
   if (flags()->patch_premain)
     __xray_patch();
+#endif
 }
 
+#ifndef XRAY_NO_PREINIT
 __attribute__((section(".preinit_array"),
                used)) void (*__local_xray_preinit)(void) = __xray_init;
+#endif