Index: lld/COFF/DriverUtils.cpp
===================================================================
--- lld/COFF/DriverUtils.cpp
+++ lld/COFF/DriverUtils.cpp
@@ -604,12 +604,11 @@
       fatal(EC, "failed to parse .res file");
   }
 
-  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> MB;
-  if (auto EC =
-          llvm::object::writeWindowsResourceCOFF(MB, Config->Machine, Parser))
-    fatal(EC, "failed to write resources to buffer");
-
-  return MB;
+  Expected<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> E =
+      llvm::object::writeWindowsResourceCOFF(Config->Machine, Parser);
+  if (!E)
+    fatal(errorToErrorCode(E.takeError()), "failed to write .res to COFF");
+  return std::move(E.get());
 }
 
 // Run MSVC link.exe for given in-memory object files.
Index: llvm/include/llvm/Object/WindowsResource.h
===================================================================
--- llvm/include/llvm/Object/WindowsResource.h
+++ llvm/include/llvm/Object/WindowsResource.h
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@
   std::vector<std::vector<UTF16>> StringTable;
 };
 
-Error writeWindowsResourceCOFF(std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &OutputBuffer,
-                               llvm::COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
-                               const WindowsResourceParser &Parser);
+Expected<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
+writeWindowsResourceCOFF(llvm::COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
+                         const WindowsResourceParser &Parser);
 
 } // namespace object
 } // namespace llvm
Index: llvm/lib/Object/WindowsResource.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Object/WindowsResource.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Object/WindowsResource.cpp
@@ -307,10 +307,9 @@
 
 class WindowsResourceCOFFWriter {
 public:
-  WindowsResourceCOFFWriter(std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &OutputBuffer,
-                            COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
+  WindowsResourceCOFFWriter(COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
                             const WindowsResourceParser &Parser, Error &E);
-  Error write();
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> write();
 
 private:
   void performFileLayout();
@@ -326,7 +325,7 @@
   void writeDirectoryTree();
   void writeDirectoryStringTable();
   void writeFirstSectionRelocations();
-  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &OutputBuffer;
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> OutputBuffer;
   char *BufferStart;
   uint64_t CurrentOffset = 0;
   COFF::MachineTypes MachineType;
@@ -346,11 +345,10 @@
 };
 
 WindowsResourceCOFFWriter::WindowsResourceCOFFWriter(
-    std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &OutputBuffer, COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
-    const WindowsResourceParser &Parser, Error &E)
-    : OutputBuffer(OutputBuffer), MachineType(MachineType),
-      Resources(Parser.getTree()), Data(Parser.getData()),
-      StringTable(Parser.getStringTable()) {
+    COFF::MachineTypes MachineType, const WindowsResourceParser &Parser,
+    Error &E)
+    : MachineType(MachineType), Resources(Parser.getTree()),
+      Data(Parser.getData()), StringTable(Parser.getStringTable()) {
   performFileLayout();
 
   OutputBuffer = MemoryBuffer::getNewMemBuffer(FileSize);
@@ -417,7 +415,7 @@
   return Now;
 }
 
-Error WindowsResourceCOFFWriter::write() {
+std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> WindowsResourceCOFFWriter::write() {
   BufferStart = const_cast<char *>(OutputBuffer->getBufferStart());
 
   writeCOFFHeader();
@@ -428,7 +426,7 @@
   writeSymbolTable();
   writeStringTable();
 
-  return Error::success();
+  return std::move(OutputBuffer);
 }
 
 void WindowsResourceCOFFWriter::writeCOFFHeader() {
@@ -716,13 +714,13 @@
   }
 }
 
-Error writeWindowsResourceCOFF(std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &OutputBuffer,
-                               COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
-                               const WindowsResourceParser &Parser) {
+Expected<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
+writeWindowsResourceCOFF(COFF::MachineTypes MachineType,
+                         const WindowsResourceParser &Parser) {
   Error E = Error::success();
-  WindowsResourceCOFFWriter Writer(OutputBuffer, MachineType, Parser, E);
+  WindowsResourceCOFFWriter Writer(MachineType, Parser, E);
   if (E)
-    return E;
+    return std::move(E);
   return Writer.write();
 }
 
Index: llvm/tools/llvm-cvtres/llvm-cvtres.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/tools/llvm-cvtres/llvm-cvtres.cpp
+++ llvm/tools/llvm-cvtres/llvm-cvtres.cpp
@@ -89,6 +89,12 @@
                   [&](const ErrorInfoBase &EI) { reportError(EI.message()); });
 }
 
+template <typename T> T error(Expected<T> EC) {
+  if (!EC)
+    error(EC.takeError());
+  return std::move(EC.get());
+}
+
 int main(int argc_, const char *argv_[]) {
   sys::PrintStackTraceOnErrorSignal(argv_[0]);
   PrettyStackTraceProgram X(argc_, argv_);
@@ -175,10 +181,7 @@
 
     if (Verbose) {
       int EntryNumber = 0;
-      Expected<ResourceEntryRef> EntryOrErr = RF->getHeadEntry();
-      if (!EntryOrErr)
-        error(EntryOrErr.takeError());
-      ResourceEntryRef Entry = EntryOrErr.get();
+      ResourceEntryRef Entry = error(RF->getHeadEntry());
       bool End = false;
       while (!End) {
         error(Entry.moveNext(End));
@@ -194,9 +197,8 @@
     Parser.printTree(outs());
   }
 
-  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> OutputBuffer;
-  error(llvm::object::writeWindowsResourceCOFF(OutputBuffer, MachineType,
-                                               Parser));
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> OutputBuffer =
+      error(llvm::object::writeWindowsResourceCOFF(MachineType, Parser));
   auto FileOrErr =
       FileOutputBuffer::create(OutputFile, OutputBuffer->getBufferSize());
   if (!FileOrErr)