Index: ELF/Writer.cpp
===================================================================
--- ELF/Writer.cpp
+++ ELF/Writer.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
   void fixSectionAlignments();
   void fixPredefinedSymbols();
   void openFile();
+  void writeTrapInstr();
   void writeHeader();
   void writeSections();
   void writeSectionsBinary();
@@ -246,6 +247,8 @@
     return;
 
   if (!Config->OFormatBinary) {
+    if (!Script->Opt.HasSections)
+      writeTrapInstr();
     writeHeader();
     writeSections();
   } else {
@@ -1625,8 +1628,21 @@
   Off = setOffset(Out::ElfHeader, Off);
   Off = setOffset(Out::ProgramHeaders, Off);
 
-  for (OutputSectionCommand *Cmd : OutputSectionCommands)
+  PhdrEntry *LastRX = nullptr;
+  for (PhdrEntry &P : Phdrs) {
+    if (P.p_type == PT_LOAD && (P.p_flags & PF_X))
+      LastRX = &P;
+  }
+
+  for (OutputSectionCommand *Cmd : OutputSectionCommands) {
     Off = setOffset(Cmd->Sec, Off);
+    if (!Script->Opt.HasSections)
+      // If this is a last section of the last executable segment and that
+      // segment is the last loadable segment, align the offset of the
+      // following section to avoid loading non-segments parts of the file.
+      if (LastRX && LastRX->Last == Cmd->Sec)
+        Off = alignTo(Off, Target->PageSize);
+  }
 
   SectionHeaderOff = alignTo(Off, Config->Wordsize);
   FileSize =
@@ -1847,6 +1863,43 @@
   }
 }
 
+static void fillTrapInstr(uint8_t *I, uint8_t *End) {
+  for (; I + 4 < End; I += 4)
+    memcpy(I, &Target->TrapInstr, 4);
+}
+
+template <class ELFT> void Writer<ELFT>::writeTrapInstr() {
+  uint8_t *Buf = Buffer->getBufferStart();
+
+  for (PhdrEntry &P : Phdrs) {
+    if (P.p_type != PT_LOAD || !(P.p_flags & PF_X))
+      continue;
+
+    // We only fill the first and the last page of the segment because the
+    // middle part will be overwritten by output sections.
+    fillTrapInstr(Buf + alignDown(P.p_offset, Target->PageSize),
+                  Buf + alignTo(P.p_offset, Target->PageSize));
+    fillTrapInstr(Buf + alignDown(P.p_offset + P.p_filesz, Target->PageSize),
+                  Buf + alignTo(P.p_offset + P.p_filesz, Target->PageSize));
+  }
+
+  PhdrEntry *LastRX = nullptr;
+  for (PhdrEntry &P : Phdrs) {
+    if (P.p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      continue;
+    if (P.p_flags & PF_X)
+      LastRX = &P;
+    else
+      LastRX = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Round up the file size of the last segment to the page boundary iff it is
+  // an executable segment to ensure that other other tools don't accidentally
+  // trim the instruction padding (e.g. when stripping the file).
+  if (LastRX)
+    LastRX->p_filesz = alignTo(LastRX->p_filesz, Target->PageSize);
+}
+
 // Write section contents to a mmap'ed file.
 template <class ELFT> void Writer<ELFT>::writeSections() {
   uint8_t *Buf = Buffer->getBufferStart();
Index: test/ELF/avoid-empty-program-headers.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/avoid-empty-program-headers.s
+++ test/ELF/avoid-empty-program-headers.s
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000
 // CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x201000
 // CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x201000
-// CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 1
+// CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 4096
 // CHECK-NEXT:     MemSize: 1
 // CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x5)
 // CHECK-NEXT:       PF_R (0x4)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT:   }
 // CHECK-NEXT:   ProgramHeader {
 // CHECK-NEXT:     Type: PT_TLS (0x7)
-// CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1001
+// CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2000
 // CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x201001
 // CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x201001
 // CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 0
Index: test/ELF/basic-aarch64.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/basic-aarch64.s
+++ test/ELF/basic-aarch64.s
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Version: 1
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Entry: [[ENTRY:0x[0-9A-F]+]]
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40
-# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x10098
+# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11088
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:   HeaderSize: 64
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:       SHF_STRINGS (0x20)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000C
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x11000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 8
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x10018
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x11008
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 72
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 5
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 2
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x10060
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x11050
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 42
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1008A
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1107A
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 13
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x20000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x20000
-# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 12
+# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 4096
 # CHECK-NEXT:     MemSize: 12
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x5)
 # CHECK-NEXT:       PF_R (0x4)
Index: test/ELF/basic.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/basic.s
+++ test/ELF/basic.s
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Version: 1
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Entry: [[ENTRY:0x[0-9A-F]+]]
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40
-# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x1080
+# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x2070
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:   HeaderSize: 64
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:       SHF_STRINGS (0x20)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1010
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 8
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1018
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2008
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 48
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 5
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 1
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1048
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2038
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 42
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1072
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2062
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 8
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x201000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x201000
-# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 16
+# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 4096
 # CHECK-NEXT:     MemSize: 16
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x5)
 # CHECK-NEXT:       PF_R (0x4)
Index: test/ELF/basic32.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/basic32.s
+++ test/ELF/basic32.s
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Version: 1
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Entry: 0x11000
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x34
-# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x1068
+# CHECK-NEXT:   SectionHeaderOffset: 0x205C
 # CHECK-NEXT:   Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:   ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:   HeaderSize: 52
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:       SHF_STRINGS (0x20)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x100C
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 8
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1014
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2008
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 32
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 5
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 1
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1034
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2028
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 42
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x0)
 # CHECK-NEXT:     ]
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Address: 0x0
-# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x105E
+# CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x2052
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Size: 8
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Link: 0
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Info: 0
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x11000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x11000
-# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 12
+# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 4096
 # CHECK-NEXT:     MemSize: 12
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x5)
 # CHECK-NEXT:       PF_R (0x4)
Index: test/ELF/build-id.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/build-id.s
+++ test/ELF/build-id.s
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@
 # DEFAULT:      Contents of section .note.test:
 # DEFAULT:      Contents of section .note.gnu.build-id:
 # DEFAULT-NEXT: 04000000 08000000 03000000 474e5500  ............GNU.
-# DEFAULT-NEXT: fd36edb1 f6ff02af
+# DEFAULT-NEXT: d618a375 bc6301ec
 
 # MD5:      Contents of section .note.gnu.build-id:
 # MD5-NEXT: 04000000 10000000 03000000 474e5500  ............GNU.
-# MD5-NEXT: fc
+# MD5-NEXT: 051084fe ce1f30ed e035b79e 11262808
 
 # SHA1:      Contents of section .note.gnu.build-id:
 # SHA1-NEXT: 04000000 14000000 03000000 474e5500  ............GNU.
-# SHA1-NEXT: 55b1eedb 03b588e1 09987d1d e9a79be7
+# SHA1-NEXT: c70b9aec 903fd291 8b677cd8 1e04f8b6
 
 # UUID:      Contents of section .note.gnu.build-id:
 # UUID-NEXT: 04000000 10000000 03000000 474e5500  ............GNU.
Index: test/ELF/image-base.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/image-base.s
+++ test/ELF/image-base.s
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Offset: 0x1000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     VirtualAddress: 0x1001000
 # CHECK-NEXT:     PhysicalAddress: 0x1001000
-# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 1
+# CHECK-NEXT:     FileSize: 4096
 # CHECK-NEXT:     MemSize: 1
 # CHECK-NEXT:     Flags [ (0x5)
 # CHECK-NEXT:       PF_R (0x4)
Index: test/ELF/relocatable.s
===================================================================
--- test/ELF/relocatable.s
+++ test/ELF/relocatable.s
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    Version: 1
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    Entry: 0x201000
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40
-# CHECKEXE-NEXT:    SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11F8
+# CHECKEXE-NEXT:    SectionHeaderOffset: 0x21A0
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    Flags [
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    ]
 # CHECKEXE-NEXT:    HeaderSize: 64