Index: clang-tidy/misc/CMakeLists.txt
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/misc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ clang-tidy/misc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
   SizeofContainerCheck.cpp
   SizeofExpressionCheck.cpp
   StaticAssertCheck.cpp
+  StringCompareCheck.cpp
   StringConstructorCheck.cpp
   StringIntegerAssignmentCheck.cpp
   StringLiteralWithEmbeddedNulCheck.cpp
Index: clang-tidy/misc/MiscTidyModule.cpp
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/misc/MiscTidyModule.cpp
+++ clang-tidy/misc/MiscTidyModule.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "SizeofContainerCheck.h"
 #include "SizeofExpressionCheck.h"
 #include "StaticAssertCheck.h"
+#include "StringCompareCheck.h"
 #include "StringConstructorCheck.h"
 #include "StringIntegerAssignmentCheck.h"
 #include "StringLiteralWithEmbeddedNulCheck.h"
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<SizeofExpressionCheck>(
         "misc-sizeof-expression");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<StaticAssertCheck>("misc-static-assert");
+    CheckFactories.registerCheck<StringCompareCheck>("misc-string-compare");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<StringConstructorCheck>(
         "misc-string-constructor");
     CheckFactories.registerCheck<StringIntegerAssignmentCheck>(
Index: clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.h
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.h
+++ clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//===--- StringCompareCheck.h - clang-tidy-----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef STRING_COMPARE_CHECK_H
+#define STRING_COMPARE_CHECK_H
+
+#include "../ClangTidy.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace misc {
+
+/// This check flags all calls compare when used to check for string
+/// equality or inequality.
+///
+/// For the user-facing documentation see:
+/// http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/misc-string-compare-check.html
+class StringCompareCheck : public ClangTidyCheck {
+public:
+  StringCompareCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
+      : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context) {}
+  void registerMatchers(ast_matchers::MatchFinder *Finder) override;
+  void check(const ast_matchers::MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace misc
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
+
+#endif // STRING_COMPARE_CHECK_H
Index: clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.cpp
===================================================================
--- clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.cpp
+++ clang-tidy/misc/StringCompareCheck.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//===--- MiscStringCompare.cpp - clang-tidy--------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "StringCompareCheck.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
+
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace misc {
+
+void StringCompareCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
+  if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus)
+    return;
+  const auto strCompare = cxxMemberCallExpr(
+      callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasName("compare"),
+                           ofClass(classTemplateSpecializationDecl(
+                               hasName("::std::basic_string"))))),
+      hasArgument(0, declRefExpr()), callee(memberExpr()));
+
+  // First case: if(str.compare(str))
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      ifStmt(hasCondition(implicitCastExpr(
+                 hasImplicitDestinationType(isInteger()), has(strCompare))))
+          .bind("match"),
+      this);
+
+  // Second case: if(!str.compare(str))
+  Finder->addMatcher(ifStmt(hasCondition(unaryOperator(
+                                hasOperatorName("!"),
+                                hasUnaryOperand(implicitCastExpr(
+                                    hasImplicitDestinationType(isInteger()),
+                                    has(strCompare))))))
+                         .bind("match"),
+                     this);
+
+  // Third case: if(str.compare(str) == 0)
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      ifStmt(hasCondition(binaryOperator(hasOperatorName("=="),
+                                         hasEitherOperand(strCompare),
+                                         hasEitherOperand(integerLiteral(equals(0))))))
+          .bind("match"),
+      this);
+
+  // Fourth case: if(str.compare(str) != 0)
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      ifStmt(hasCondition(binaryOperator(hasOperatorName("!="),
+                                         hasEitherOperand(strCompare),
+                                         hasEitherOperand(integerLiteral(equals(0))))))
+          .bind("match"),
+      this);
+}
+
+void StringCompareCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
+  if (const auto *Matched = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<Stmt>("match"))
+    diag(Matched->getLocStart(),
+         "do not use compare to test equality of strings; "
+         "use the string equality operator instead");
+}
+
+} // namespace misc
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang
Index: docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
===================================================================
--- docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
+++ docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@
 
 - `misc-pointer-and-integral-operation` check was removed.
 
+- New `misc-string-compare
+  <http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/misc-string-compare.html>`_ check
+
+  Warns about using ``compare`` to test for string equality or ineqaulity.
+
 - New `misc-use-after-move
   <http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/misc-use-after-move.html>`_ check
 
Index: docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
===================================================================
--- docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
+++ docs/clang-tidy/checks/list.rst
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
    misc-sizeof-container
    misc-sizeof-expression
    misc-static-assert
+   misc-string-compare
    misc-string-constructor
    misc-string-integer-assignment
    misc-string-literal-with-embedded-nul
Index: docs/clang-tidy/checks/misc-string-compare.rst
===================================================================
--- docs/clang-tidy/checks/misc-string-compare.rst
+++ docs/clang-tidy/checks/misc-string-compare.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+.. title:: clang-tidy - misc-string-compare
+
+misc-string-compare
+===================
+
+Finds string comparisons using the compare method.
+
+A common mistake is to use the string's ``compare`` method instead of using the 
+equality or inequality operators. The compare method is intended for sorting
+functions and thus returns ``-1``, ``0`` or ``1`` depending on the lexicographical 
+relationship between the strings compared. If an equality or inequality check
+can suffice, that is recommended.
+
+Examples:
+
+.. code-block:: c++
+
+  std::string str1{"a"};
+  std::string str2{"b"};
+  
+  if(str1.compare(str2)) {} // use str1 != str2 instead
+  
+  if(!str1.compare(str2)) {} // use str1 == str2 instead
+  
+  if(str1.compare(str2) == 0) {} // use str1 == str2 instead
+  
+  if(str1.compare(str2) != 0) {} // use str1 != str2 instead
+
+  if(0 == str1.compare(str2)) {} // use str1 == str2 instead
+
+  if(0 != str1.compare(str2)) {} // use str1 != str2 instead
+
+The above code examples shows the list of if-statements that this check will
+give a warning for. All of them uses ``compare`` to check if equality or 
+inequality of two strings instead of using the correct operators.
Index: test/clang-tidy/misc-string-compare.cpp
===================================================================
--- test/clang-tidy/misc-string-compare.cpp
+++ test/clang-tidy/misc-string-compare.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// RUN: %check_clang_tidy %s misc-string-compare %t -- -- -std=c++11
+
+namespace std {
+template <typename T>
+class allocator {};
+template <typename T>
+class char_traits {};
+template <typename C, typename T = std::char_traits<C>, typename A = std::allocator<C> >
+struct basic_string {
+  basic_string();
+  basic_string(const C*, unsigned int size);
+  int compare(const basic_string<char>& str);
+};
+  bool operator==(const basic_string<char> lhs, const basic_string<char> rhs);
+  bool operator!=(const basic_string<char> lhs, const basic_string<char> rhs);
+typedef basic_string<char> string;
+}
+
+
+
+void Test() {
+  std::string str1("a", 1);
+  std::string str2("b", 1);
+
+  if(str1.compare(str2)) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+  if(!str1.compare(str2)) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+  if(str1.compare(str2) == 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+  if(str1.compare(str2) != 0) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+  if(0 == str1.compare(str2)) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+  if(0 != str1.compare(str2)) {}
+  // CHECK-MESSAGES: [[@LINE-1]]:3: warning: do not use compare to test equality of strings; use the string equality operator instead [misc-string-compare]
+
+}
+
+void Valid() {
+    std::string str1("a", 1);
+    std::string str2("b", 1);
+    if(str1 == str2) {}
+    if(str1 != str2) {}
+    if(str1.compare(str2) == 1) {}
+    if(str1.compare(str2) == str1.compare(str2)) {}
+    if(0 == 0) {}
+    if(1 == str1.compare(str2)) {}
+}