diff --git a/libcxx/include/new b/libcxx/include/new
--- a/libcxx/include/new
+++ b/libcxx/include/new
@@ -146,10 +146,6 @@
     const char* what() const _NOEXCEPT override;
 };
 
-typedef void (*new_handler)();
-_LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI new_handler set_new_handler(new_handler) _NOEXCEPT;
-_LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI new_handler get_new_handler() _NOEXCEPT;
-
 #elif defined(_HAS_EXCEPTIONS) && _HAS_EXCEPTIONS == 0 // !_LIBCPP_ABI_VCRUNTIME
 
 // When _HAS_EXCEPTIONS == 0, these complete definitions are needed,
@@ -170,6 +166,16 @@
 };
 #endif // defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_VCRUNTIME) && defined(_HAS_EXCEPTIONS) && _HAS_EXCEPTIONS == 0
 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_VCRUNTIME)
+#define _NEW_HANDLER_EXPORTED
+#else
+#define _NEW_HANDLER_EXPORTED _LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI
+#endif
+
+typedef void (*new_handler)();
+_NEW_HANDLER_EXPORTED new_handler set_new_handler(new_handler) _NOEXCEPT;
+_NEW_HANDLER_EXPORTED new_handler get_new_handler() _NOEXCEPT;
+
 _LIBCPP_NORETURN _LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI void __throw_bad_alloc();  // not in C++ spec
 
 _LIBCPP_NORETURN inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
diff --git a/libcxx/src/new_handler.cpp b/libcxx/src/new_handler.cpp
--- a/libcxx/src/new_handler.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/src/new_handler.cpp
@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+#include <mutex>
 #include <new>
 
 #include "include/atomic_support.h"
 
 #if defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT)
-#  if !defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_VCRUNTIME)
-#    define _LIBPCPP_DEFINE_NEW_HANDLER
-#  endif
+#  define _LIBPCPP_DEFINE_NEW_HANDLER
 #elif defined(LIBCXX_BUILDING_LIBCXXABI)
 // nothing to do, we use the one from libc++abi
 #elif defined(LIBCXXRT)
@@ -26,14 +25,48 @@
 
 #if defined(_LIBPCPP_DEFINE_NEW_HANDLER)
 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT)
+
+using _new_handler = int(__cdecl*)(size_t);
+extern "C" _new_handler __cdecl _set_new_handler(_new_handler);
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT
+
 namespace std { // purposefully not versioned
 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT)
+
+static constinit new_handler __new_handler = nullptr;
+static mutex __new_handler_lock;
+
+int __cdecl _new_handler_interface(size_t) {
+  __new_handler();
+  return 1;
+}
+
+new_handler set_new_handler(new_handler handler) noexcept {
+  lock_guard<mutex> guard(__new_handler_lock);
+  new_handler old = __new_handler;
+  __new_handler = handler;
+  _set_new_handler(handler ? _new_handler_interface : nullptr);
+  return old;
+}
+
+new_handler get_new_handler() noexcept {
+  lock_guard<mutex> guard(__new_handler_lock);
+  return __new_handler;
+}
+
+#else // _LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT
+
 static constinit std::new_handler __new_handler = nullptr;
 
 new_handler set_new_handler(new_handler handler) noexcept { return __libcpp_atomic_exchange(&__new_handler, handler); }
 
 new_handler get_new_handler() noexcept { return __libcpp_atomic_load(&__new_handler); }
 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_ABI_MICROSOFT
+
 } // namespace std
 
 #endif // _LIBPCPP_DEFINE_NEW_HANDLER
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/language.support/support.dynamic/alloc.errors/set.new.handler/get_new_handler.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/language.support/support.dynamic/alloc.errors/set.new.handler/get_new_handler.pass.cpp
--- a/libcxx/test/std/language.support/support.dynamic/alloc.errors/set.new.handler/get_new_handler.pass.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/language.support/support.dynamic/alloc.errors/set.new.handler/get_new_handler.pass.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 // are provided by vcruntime/UCRT's new.h. However, that header actually only
 // declares set_new_handler - it's missing a declaration of get_new_handler.
 
-// XFAIL: msvc && stdlib=libc++
-
 #include <new>
 #include <cassert>